prevention of sleep disorders in addition to sleeping pills or hypnotics which often have serious undesirable side effects.

(Supported by a Collaborative Research Project and Research Grant Award by Cerebos (Thailand) Ltd.
(Presented at the First International Neuroscience & Nutrition Symposium on Nutrition and the Promotion of Brain Development and Function, Thailand 24-26 April 2000)

  Responses of Human Brain Electrical Activities to Drinking of
  Essence of Chicken. (NO. 918)

Key word: Brain Electrical Activities, Essence of Chicken, Alpha and Beta Waves

                    We completed the clinical study on the responses of human brain electrical activities to drinking of the Essence of Chicken (EC) in two groups of normal healthy volunteer subjects. The first group consisted of 15 healthy volunteer university students who drank either 1 or 2 bottles of 70 ml. of the Essence of Chicken. We monitored the effects of EC on brain electrical activities (Electroencephalogram or EEG) at successive intervals of 5-minutes eye-open and eye-closed session 2 hours before, and for 4 hours after drinking. The second group of 50 subjects followed the double-blind placebo-control study design. In the second group, data were collected on the first day and after seven days of drinking 2 bottles of either EC or placebo, which composed of protein solution from collagen. The data from both groups show interesting changes of the EEG. The alpha waves (8-13 Hz.) significantly increased in the EC group during both eye closed and eye-opened periods, and become more synchronized during the eye-closed period over duration of more than 3 hours as compared to the control period before drinking. The beta waves (>13 Hz.), on the other hand, significantly increased during the eye-opened period while there seemed to be no significant changes in the delta (0-3 Hz.) and theta (4-7 Hz.) waves. The increase in alpha waves and EEG synchrony is well known to occur during various practice of mental relaxation and meditation which allow the subject better ability to concentrate and organize their mental thinking processes. The increase of beta wave during eye-opened period also indicated that EC could enhance the Arousal State and alertness. These findings provide clear evidence that EC can significantly and specifically improve brain functions since an increase in alpha wave activities during eye-closed and also during eye-opened periods can be interpreted as evidence that EC produces a desirable state of brain relaxation and reduction of stress and anxiety. The fact that there were no significant changes in the delta and the theta waves after drinking EC indicated that EC did not produce drowsiness or day dreaming. Hence, the finding can be use to support that EC produces an increase in efficiency of brain functions, and also correlated to findings in the significant reduction of the level of serum cortisol after consumption of EC, and other psychological studies which showed improvement of alertness, attention, short-term memory, and subjective feeling of reduced stress and anxiety.

(Supported by a Collaborative Research Project and Research Grant Award by Cerebos (Thailand) Ltd. Presented at the First International Neuroscience & Nutrition Symposium on Nutrition and the Promotion of Brain Development and Function, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand 24-26 April 2000)

  Effects of Drinking of Essence of Chicken on Hormonal levels
  in Normal Human Volunteers. (NO. 919)

Key words : Serum Cortisol, Essence of Chicken, Reductionof Stress.

                    We completed a clinical study on the alterations of serum hormones after drinking of the Essence of Chicken (EC) in two groups of normal healthy volunteer subjects using a randomized double-blind placebo-control with crossover study design. The subjects consisted of 40 healthy male volunteers from university students who drank either 2 bottles of 70 ml. of the Essence of Chicken (EC) or placebo made from similar essence of protein solution from collagen. We monitored the level of serum cortisol, and prolactin on day one and day 7 after daily drinking of either EC or placebo by radio-immuno-assay (RIA) technique. The data were collected from one hour before drinking and 1, 2 and 3 hours after drinking of EC or placebo. One group started with EC and was cross overed to placebo after 3 weeks of wash out period, the other group started with placebo and cross over to EC. Our data showed that there were highly significant decreases in the level of serum cortisol after drinking of EC while there were no significant changes in the group after drinking placebo. In our study, the level of serum prolactin did not change significantly. Since the level of serum cortisol have been widely used as an indicator of the level of physical and/or psychological stresses and anxiety. The data provide clear evidence that drinking of BEC produces a relaxation and facilitate recovery from stress and anxiety.

(Supported by a Collaborative Research Project and Research Grant Award by Cerebos (Thailand) Ltd. Presented at the First International Neuroscience & Nutrition Symposium on Nutrition and The Promotion of Brain Development and Function, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand 24-26 April 2000.)

  CEREBELLAR AFFERENTS FROM MOTONEU-RONS WHICH CONTROL
  TONGUE MOVE-MENTS IN THE HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS : EXPERIMENTAL
  STUDY WITH DOUBLE RETRO GRADE AXONAL TRANSPORT OF
  FLUORO-GOLD AND MICRO-RUBY (NO. 920)

¹Neuro-Behavioral Biology Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand; ²Department of Physi-