Home     -------Select Links of Interest------- President's Welcome About Mahidol Administration Campuses Degrees and Admissions Excellence at Mahidol Facts and Figures Faculties and Institutes For Visitors and Friends Giving to Mahidol Honours and Awards Hospitals International Activities International Collaboration Job Opportunities Libraries Mahidol Alumni Mahidol People Mahidol and Society Maps and Directions Media from the Press Office Museums News, Events & Press Releases Networking & Interdisciplinary Notable Facts Research Sport and Culture Students' Life    Home | Webmail | Directories | Search | Sitemap | FAQ about Mahidol | Contact Us   International Publications of Mahidol University - Year 2010 Indexed in ISI Web of Science Database (726 Articles) Record 1 of 726 Author(s): Hahnvajanawong, C (Hahnvajanawong, Chariya); Boonyanugomol, W (Boonyanugomol, Wongwarut); Nasomyon, T (Nasomyon, Tapanawan); Loilome, W (Loilome, Watcharin); Namwat, N (Namwat, Nisana); Anantachoke, N (Anantachoke, Natthinee); Tassaneeyakul, W (Tassaneeyakul, Wichittra); Sripa, B (Sripa, Banchob); Namwat, W (Namwat, Wises); Reutrakul, V (Reutrakul, Vichai) Title: Apoptotic activity of caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines Source: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, 16 (18): 2235-2243 MAY 14 2010 Abstract: AIM: To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of four caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells. METHODS: Four caged xanthones, selected on the basis of their anticancer potency and chemical structure diversities (i.e. isomorellin, isomorellinol, forbesione and gambogic acid) were used in this study. Growth inhibition of these caged xanthones was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay. Induction of apoptosis was assessed by observing cell morphology, ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining and DNA fragmentation assay. Levels of apoptotic-related gene and protein expressions were determined by a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The compounds were found to inhibit growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and also showed selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cells when compared with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Growth suppression by these compounds was due to apoptosis, as evidenced by the cell morphological changes, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and DNA ladder formation. At the molecular level, these compounds induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and survivin proteins with up-regulation of Bax and apoptosis-inducing factor proteins, leading to the activation of caspase-9 and -3 and DNA fragmentation. The functional group variations did not appear to affect the anticancer activity with regard to the two CCA cell lines; however, at a mechanistic level, isomorellinol exhibited the highest potency in increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio (120 and 41.4 for KKU-100 and KKU-M156, respectively) and in decreasing survivin protein expression (0.01 fold as compared to control cells in both cell lines). Other activities at the molecular level indicate that functional groups on the prenyl side chain may be important. CONCLUSION: Our findings for the first time demonstrate that four caged xanthones induce apoptosis in CCA cells which is mediated through a mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway. (C) 2010 Baishideng. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1007-9327 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i18.2235 Record 2 of 726 Author(s): Srifeungfung, S (Srifeungfung, Somporn); Tribuddharat, C (Tribuddharat, Chanwit); Comerungsee, S (Comerungsee, Sopita); Chatsuwan, T (Chatsuwan, Tanittha); Treerauthanaweeraphong, V (Treerauthanaweeraphong, Vipa); Rungnobhakhun, P (Rungnobhakhun, Pimpha); Nunthapisud, P (Nunthapisud, Pongpun); Chokephaibulkit, K (Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya) Title: Serotype coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and drug susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from invasive or non-invasive diseases in central Thailand, 2006-2009 Source: VACCINE, 28 (19): 3440-3444 APR 26 2010 Abstract: The serotype of 172 S pneumoniae isolates obtained from normally sterile sites from January 2006 to February 2009 in Thai patients was evaluated The most common serotypes were 6B, 23F, 14, 19F. and 19A in patients <5 year-old, and 6B, 19A, 23F, 4, 9V in patients >65-year old Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV-7) covered 70 3%, 43.6%. and 43 5% of patients <5. 5-64 and >= 65 years of age, respectively, while PCV-13 covered 81.2%, 59.7%, and 60.9%, respectively PCV-9, PCV-10, PCV-11 had very similar coverage as PCV-7. The antibiotic susceptibility rates of the isolates from sterile sites were 88 7-95 7% for penicillin, 90.6-984% for cefotaxime, 92 2-100% for ofloxacin and 100% for ciprofloxacin PCV-7 covered 83% and 100%, respectively, of penicillin and cefotaxime non-susceptible Isolates in patients <5-year old. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. ISSN: 0264-410X DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.071 Record 3 of 726 Author(s): Romphruk, AV (Romphruk, A. V.); Romphruk, A (Romphruk, A.); Kongmaroeng, C (Kongmaroeng, C.); Klumkrathok, K (Klumkrathok, K.); Paupairoj, C (Paupairoj, C.); Leelayuwat, C (Leelayuwat, C.) Title: HLA class I and II alleles and haplotypes in ethnic Northeast Thais Source: TISSUE ANTIGENS, 75 (6): 701-711 JUN 2010 Abstract: Allele frequencies (AFs) and haplotypic associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II were investigated in 400 unrelated, healthy, ethnic Northeast Thais. HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1 and -DQB1 were typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer, -sequence specific oligonucleotide probe and -single-strand conformation polymorphism methods. In this population, 17 HLA-A, 26 HLA-B, 15 HLA-Cw, 26 HLA-DRB1 and 13 HLA-DQB1 alleles (or groups of alleles) were found. AFs > 10% included A*11 (23.3%), 24 (18.8%), 0207 (14.4%), 33 (11.5%), 0203 (10.6%); B*4601 (13.9%); Cw*07(01-03) (18.5%), 01 (15.9%), 04 (12.0%), 0304 (10.6%); DRB1*1502 (18.5%), 1202 (13.4%); DQB1*0502 (20.3%), 0501 (16.3%), 0301 (14.1%) and 02 (10.9%). The most common of 2-locus haplotypes included A*0207-B*4601 (9.3%), B*4601-Cw*01 (13.5%), B*5801-DRB1*0301 (5.8%) and DRB1*1502-DQB1*0501 (14.1%). Of the 49 five-locus HLA haplotypes identified, 24 were confirmed in 31 family studies: the most common being; A*33-Cw*0302-B*5801-DRB1*0301-DQB1*02 (4.6%), A*0207-Cw*01-B*4601-DRB1*09-DQB1*0303 (3.4%) and A*33-Cw*07(01-03)-B*44-DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (2.6%). Apparently, the HLA-B*46-carrying haplotype is fragmented in ethnic Northeast Thais, including seven haplotypes with different HLA-A and HLA-DR/DQ combinations. One of these haplotypes (A*11-Cw*01-B*4601-DRB1*1202-DQB1*0502) has not been reported in other Asians. The results indicated that there were marked differences in the distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes between ethnic Northeast Thais and other ethnic groups in Southeast and East Asia. These results also dictate that future studies of HLA alleles and diseases need precise identification of ethnically and geographically matched controls. The HLA allele and haplotype analyses in this large sample provide baseline information on ethnic Northeast Thais for anthropological studies and for determining HLA allele/haplotype frequencies when searching for HLA-compatible donors for unrelated bone marrow transplantation. ISSN: 0001-2815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01448.x Record 4 of 726 Author(s): Sitthinamsuwan, B (Sitthinamsuwan, Bunpot); Chanvanitkulchai, K (Chanvanitkulchai, Kannachod); Nunta-Aree, S (Nunta-Aree, Sarun); Kumthornthip, W (Kumthornthip, Witsanu); Pisarnpong, A (Pisarnpong, Apichart); Ploypetch, T (Ploypetch, Teerada) Title: Combined Ablative Neurosurgical Procedures in a Patient with Mixed Spastic and Dystonic Cerebral Palsy Source: STEREOTACTIC AND FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY, 88 (3): 187-192 2010 Abstract: Background: Harmful generalized spasticity is an obstacle in rehabilitation and caregiving. Neurosurgical intervention is a therapeutic option for patients with severe spasticity who do not respond to nonoperative management. Currently, intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) is a good alternative treatment for such patients. However, the ITB device is costly and the intrathecal drug is not available in Thailand. Case Description: We report a combined use of ablative neurosurgical procedures in a patient with severe generalized spasticity and disabling cervical dystonia (CD). The assembled operations including selective peripheral denervation for CD, microsurgical dorsal root entry zone lesion for upper limb spasticity, and selective dorsal rhizotomy for lower limb spasticity were conducted in a single session. Furthermore, recurrent spasticity of the upper extremities was subsequently treated by selective peripheral neurotomy. Results: The spasticity and CD totally disappeared after all operations. The patient became able to sit and perform head turning. Additionally, we also found an improvement in swallowing and the voluntary movement of the lower limbs. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel ISSN: 1011-6125 DOI: 10.1159/000313872 Record 5 of 726 Author(s): Suksiriworapong, J (Suksiriworapong, Jiraphong); Sripha, K (Sripha, Kittisak); Junyaprasert, VB (Junyaprasert, Varaporn Buraphacheep) Title: Synthesis and characterization of bioactive molecules grafted on poly(epsilon-caprolactone) by "click" chemistry Source: POLYMER, 51 (11): 2286-2295 MAY 14 2010 Abstract: A facile and efficient strategy to graft bioactive molecules (nicotinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, and phthaloyltryptophan) onto poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (P(epsilon CL)) was achieved by copper-catalyzed Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition known as click reaction. P(alpha Cl epsilon CL), with 10, 20, and 30% of alpha-chloro-epsilon-caprolactone (alpha Cl epsilon CL) units were copolymerized by ring opening polymerization using epsilon CL and alpha Cl epsilon CL as starting materials in the presence of 1,4-butanediol and Sn(Oct)(2). Subsequently, the chloride pendent was converted to azide followed by cycloaddition with terminal alkyne derivatives of the aforementioned bioactive molecules. The complete addition was accomplished at all ratios. The characteristic molecular features of these copolymers were evaluated by FTIR, NMR, and GPC. Thermal analysis data indicated that the grafted compounds led to polymorphic alteration and different pattern of thermal degradation depending on the molecular structure and the size of the grafted compounds. They are the basis for further development of grafted copolymer as drug delivery carriers. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0032-3861 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.034 Record 6 of 726 Author(s): Saepou, S (Saepou, Siriporn); Pohmakotr, M (Pohmakotr, Manat); Reutrakul, V (Reutrakul, Vichai); Yoosook, C (Yoosook, Chalobon); Kasisit, J (Kasisit, Jitra); Napaswad, C (Napaswad, Chanita); Tuchinda, P (Tuchinda, Patoomratana) Title: Anti-HIV-1 Diterpenoids from Leaves and Twigs of Polyalthia sclerophylla Source: PLANTA MEDICA, 76 (7): 721-725 MAY 2010 Abstract: Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the anti-HIV-1-active MeOH extract from the leaves and twigs of Polyalthia sclerophylla led to the isolation of two new compounds, ent-kaursclerodimer (1) and cyclotucanol 3-palmitate (2), along with the known ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3), 15 beta-hydroxy-ent-kaur16- en-19-oic acid (4), 15 beta-acetoxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5), 15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (6), 16 alpha, 17-dihydroxyent- kauran-19-oic acid (7), 16 alpha-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (xylopic acid) (8), a pseudodimer (15 alpha-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en19- oic acid/ 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid) (9), ermanin, nicotiflorin, and allantoin. Among these isolates, compound 3 was the most active in both anti-syncytium (EC50 13.7 mu g/mL and selectivity index 3.1) and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50 34.1 mu g/mL) assays. ISSN: 0032-0943 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240683 Record 7 of 726 Author(s): Munkongdee, T (Munkongdee, Thongperm); Vattanaviboon, P (Vattanaviboon, Phantip); Thummarati, P (Thummarati, Parichut); Sewamart, P (Sewamart, Paijit); Winichagoon, P (Winichagoon, Pranee); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat); Svasti, S (Svasti, Saovaros) Title: Rapid Diagnosis of alpha-Thalassemia by Melting Curve Analysis Source: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, 12 (3): 354-358 MAY 2010 Abstract: alpha-Thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobin disorder that results from defective synthesis of alpha-globin protein. Couples who both carry the alpha-thalassemia-1 gene are at risk of having a fetus with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis. Rapid and accurate screening for individuals carrying the alpha-thalassemia-1 gene is the most effective strategy to prevent and control this severe form of thalassemia. In this study, a new and accurate method for alpha-thalassemia diagnosis was developed by genotyping alpha-thalassemia-1, the Southeast Asian type (--(SEA)) and Thai type (--(THAI)) deletions, using multiplex PCR followed by a melting curve analysis. Primers were designed to specifically amplify two deletion fragments, the --(SEA) and --(THAI) deletions and two normal fragments, psi xi- and alpha 2-globin gene. The primers were capable of distinguishing a-thalassemia 1 heterozygotes from alpha-thalassemia 2 homozygotes, which are unable to be diagnosed by standard hematological data and hemoglobin typing. The melting temperatures of the --(THAI), --(SEA), psi xi-globin, and alpha 2-globin gene fragments were 79.9 +/- 0.2, 89.4 +/- 0.5, 92.8 +/- 0.2, and 85.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C, respectively. Melting curve analysis was performed in 130 subjects in parallel with conventional gap-PCR analysis, and results showed 100% concordance. This method eliminates the post-PCR electrophoresis process, which is laborious, and allows high throughput screening suitable for large population screening for prevention and control of thalassemia. (J Mol Diagn 2010, 12:354-358. DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090136) ISSN: 1525-1578 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090136 Record 8 of 726 Author(s): Rotkittikhun, P (Rotkittikhun, P.); Kruatrachue, M (Kruatrachue, M.); Pokethitiyook, P (Pokethitiyook, P.); Baker, AJM (Baker, A. J. M.) Title: Tolerance and accumulation of lead in Vetiveria zizanioides and its effect on oil production Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY, 31 (3): 329-334 MAY 2010 Abstract: Experiments were conducted to evaluate lead tolerance and accumulation in vetiver grass Vetiveria zizanioides (L.), grown in hydroponics and a pot study and to examine the effect of lead on vetiver oil production. Elevated concentrations of lead decreased the length of shoots and roots of plants. However, vetiver grown in highly contaminated soils showed no apparent phytotoxicity symptoms. Lead concentrations in the shoots and roots of vetiver plants grown in hydroponics were up to 144 and 19530 mg kg(-1) and those grown in soil were 38 and 629 mg kg(-1), respectively Lead had an effect on vetiver oil production and composition by stimulating oil yield and the number of its constituents. Oil yield ranged from 0.4-1.3%; the highest yields were found in plants grown in nutrient solution with 100100 Pb l(-1) for 5 weeks (1.29%) and 7 weeks (1.22%). The number of total constituents of vetiver oil also varied between 47-143 compounds when lead was present in the growth medium, The highest number (143) was found in plants grown in soil spiked with 1000 mg Pb kg(-1). The predominant compound was khusimol (10.7-18.1%) followed by (E)-isovalencenol (10.3-15.6%). Our results indicated that lead could increase the oil production of vetiver. ISSN: 0254-8704 Record 9 of 726 Author(s): Putaporntip, C (Putaporntip, Chaturong); Udomsangpetch, R (Udomsangpetch, Rachanee); Pattanawong, U (Pattanawong, Urassaya); Cui, LW (Cui, Liwang); Jongwutiwes, S (Jongwutiwes, Somchai) Title: Genetic diversity of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-5 locus from diverse geographic origins Source: GENE, 456 (1-2): 24-35 MAY 15 2010 Abstract: Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-5 (PvMsp-5), a potential vaccine candidate, is encoded by a two-exon single copy gene. We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of PvMsp-5 by sequencing the entire gene of four parasite populations from northwestern Thailand (n = 73), southern Thailand (n = 53), Indonesia (n = 25) and Brazil (n = 24), and five isolates from other endemic areas. Results reveal that exon I exhibits a significantly higher level of nucleotide diversity at both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites than exon II (p<0.01). Neutrality tests based on both intraspecific and interspecific nucleotide polymorphism have detected a signature of positive selection in exon I of all populations while substitutions in exon II mainly followed neutral expectation except that three residues in exon II of northwestern Thailand population appear to be positively selected using the Bayes Empirical Bayes method. Short imperfect repeats were identified in exon I at an equivalent region to its orthologue in P. knowlesi, supporting their close genetic relatedness. Significant levels of population subdivision were detected among most populations including those between northwestern and southern Thailand (p<10(-5)), implying absent or minimal gene flow between these populations. Importantly, evidences for intragenic recombination in PvMsp-5 were found in most populations except that from southern Thailand in which haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were exceptionally low. Results from Fu and Li's D*, F* and D and F tests suggested that PvMsp-5 of most P. vivax populations have been maintained by balancing selection whereas southern Thailand population could have gone through recent bottleneck events. These findings are concordant with a substantial reduction in the number of P. vivax cases in southern Thailand during the past decade, followed by a very recent population expansion. Therefore, spatio-temporal monitoring of parasite population genetics provides important implications for disease control. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0378-1119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2010.02.007 Record 10 of 726 Author(s): Grace, SR (Grace, Said R.); Agarwal, RP (Agarwal, Ravi P.); Sae-Jie, W (Sae-Jie, Wichuta) Title: MONOTONE AND OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR OF CERTAIN FOURTH ORDER NONLINEAR DYNAMIC EQUATIONS Source: DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS, 19 (1): 25-32 MAR 2010 Abstract: Monotone and oscillatory behavior of solutions of the fourth order dynamic equation (a(x(Delta Delta))(alpha))(t) + q(t)(x(sigma))(beta)(t) = 0 with the property that x(t)/integral(t)(t0) integral(a)(t0) a(-1/alpha)(tau)Delta tau Delta s -> 0 as t -> infinity are established. ISSN: 1056-2176 Record 11 of 726 Author(s): Janvilisri, T (Janvilisri, Tavan); Scaria, J (Scaria, Joy); Gleed, R (Gleed, Robin); Fubini, S (Fubini, Susan); Bonkosky, MM (Bonkosky, Michelle M.); Grohn, YT (Groehn, Yrjoe T.); Chang, YF (Chang, Yung-Fu) Title: Development of a microarray for identification of pathogenic Clostridium spp. Source: DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE, 66 (2): 140-147 FEB 2010 Abstract: In recent years, Clostridium spp. have rapidly reemerged as human and animal pathogens. The detection and identification of pathogenic Clostridium spp. is therefore critical for clinical diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy. Traditional diagnostic techniques for clostridia are laborious, are time consuming, and may adversely affect the therapeutic outcome. In this study, we developed an oligonucleotide diagnostic microarray for pathogenic Clostridium spp. The microarray specificity was tested against 65 Clostridium isolates. The applicability of this microarray in a clinical setting was assessed with the use of mock stool samples. The microarray was successful in discriminating at least 4 species with the limit of detection as low as 10(4) CFU/mL. In addition, the pattern of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of tested strains were determined through the microarrays. This approach demonstrates the high-throughput detection and identification of Clostridium spp. and provides advantages over traditional methods. Microarray-based techniques are promising applications for clinical diagnosis and epidemiologic investigations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0732-8893 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.09.014 Record 12 of 726 Author(s): Teerasong, S (Teerasong, Saowapak); Amornthammarong, N (Amornthammarong, Natchanon); Grudpan, K (Grudpan, Kate); Teshima, N (Teshima, Norio); Sakai, T (Sakai, Tadao); Nacapricha, D (Nacapricha, Duangjai); Ratanawimarnwong, N (Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor) Title: A Multiple Processing Hybrid Flow System for Analysis of Formaldehyde Contamination in Food Source: ANALYTICAL SCIENCES, 26 (5): 629-633 MAY 2010 Abstract: This work proposes a flow system suitable for the rapid screening of formaldehyde contaminated in food. The system is based on the concept of a flow analyzer with a Hantzsch reaction. An operating procedure was developed for multiple tasking and high sample throughput. This resulted in a significant sample throughput of 51 samples h(-1). Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration from 10 to 100 mu M was obtained. The system gave a limit of detection and a limit of quantitation of 0.06 and 0.10 mg kg(-1), respectively. The system was successfully applied to re-hydrated dry squids, vegetables and mushrooms. ISSN: 0910-6340 Record 13 of 726 Author(s): Teamsuwan, Y (Teamsuwan, Yuttapol); Kaeoket, K (Kaeoket, Kampon); Tienthai, P (Tienthai, Paisan); Tummaruk, P (Tummaruk, Padet) Title: Morphological Changes and Infiltration of Immune Cells in the Endometrium of Anoestrus Gilt in Relation to the Ovarian Appearance and Serum Progesterone Source: THAI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, 40 (1): 31-40 MAR 2010 Abstract: The present study investigates morphological changes and distribution of the leukocyte subpopulation in the endometrium of anoestrus gilts in relation to reproductive cycles and serum progesterone (P-4). Selected genital organs from 30 gilts culled due to anoestrus were examined. The genital organs were classified according to the ovarian appearance into 3 groups, i.e. inactive (n = 10); follicular (n = 10); and luteal phase (n = 10). Blood samples were collected prior to slaughter to determine serum P-4. Seven tissue samples were randomly collected from the uteri of the gilts and were examined for histological structures, i.e. epithelial types and height, number of blood vessel, secretory vesicle and endometrial glands. Number of leukocyte subsets, i.e. lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells were counted. On average, age and body weight at culling of the gilts were 306.4 +/- 39.9 d (range 233-407 d) and 150.4 +/- 24.8 kg (range 104.0-205.5 kg). Lymphocyte was the most common immune cell in all tissue layers and in all stages of the reproductive cycle. Lymphocytes in glandular layer in the inactive phase was higher than in the follicular (p=0.02) and luteal phases (p=0.05). Neutrophils in both epithelial and subepithelial layers in follicular phases was higher than luteal and inactive phases (p<0.001). Eosinophil in subepithelium in the luteal phase was higher than inactive (p=0.004) and follicular phases (p<0.001). An increase in the serum P-4 resulted in an increase number of uterine glands (p<0.001), a decrease number of lymphocytes in all tissue layers (p<0.05), a decrease number of neutrophils in subepithelial layers (p=0.03) and an increase in the number of eosinophils in subepithelial layers (p<0.001). In conclusion, the infiltration of the leukocyte subpopulation in the endometrium of anoestrus gilts is largely dependent on the ovarian function. Neutrophils and eosinophils were common immune cells in follicular and luteal phases, respectively. ISSN: 0125-6491 Record 14 of 726 Author(s): Kanlaya, R (Kanlaya, Rattiyaporn); Pattanakitsakul, SN (Pattanakitsakul, Sa-nga); Sinchaikul, S (Sinchaikul, Supachok); Chen, ST (Chen, Shui-Tein); Thongboonkerd, V (Thongboonkerd, Visith) Title: Vimentin interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and dengue nonstructural protein 1 and is important for viral replication and release Source: MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS, 6 (5): 795-806 MAY 2010 Abstract: Our previous study using expression proteomics demonstrated that many proteins, particularly five forms of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), were up-regulated in human endothelial cells upon dengue virus infection. To address functional significance of these proteins in response to dengue virus infection, we performed a functional proteomics study to identify hnRNPs-interacting proteins in the infected EA.hy926 cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by 2-D PAGE and mass spectrometric analyses revealed 18 and 13 interacting partners of hnRNP C1/C2 and hnRNP K, respectively. Interestingly, vimentin was a common partner for both hnRNP C1/C2 and K. The interaction between vimentin and these hnRNPs was confirmed by reciprocal immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis and also by double immunofluorescence staining. Disruption of vimentin intermediate filament by acrylamide not only dissociated these complexes but also reduced nuclear hnRNPs expression, whereas cytosolic hnRNPs expression was unchanged. We also demonstrated that vimentin was strongly associated with dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1). Disruption of vimentin intermediate filament not only dissociated this complex but also reduced dengue NS1 expression, as well as viral replication and release. Our data report for the first time that vimentin interacts with hnRNPs and dengue NS1, and plays a crucial role in replication and release of dengue virus. ISSN: 1742-206X DOI: 10.1039/b923864f Record 15 of 726 Author(s): Awab, GR (Awab, Ghulam Rahim); Pukrittayakamee, S (Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon); Imwong, M (Imwong, Mallika); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.); Woodrow, CJ (Woodrow, Charles J.); Lee, SJ (Lee, Sue Jean); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Singhasivanon, P (Singhasivanon, Pratap); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Kaker, F (Kaker, Faizullah) Title: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus chloroquine to treat vivax malaria in Afghanistan: an open randomized, non-inferiority, trial Source: MALARIA JOURNAL, 9: Art. No. 105 APR 21 2010 Abstract: Background: Afghanistan's national guidelines recommend chloroquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax infection, the parasite responsible for the majority of its malaria burden. Chloroquine resistance in P. vivax is emerging in Asia. Therapeutic responses across Afghanistan have not been evaluated in detail. Methods: Between July 2007 and February 2009, an open-label, randomized controlled trial of chloroquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in patients aged three months and over with slide-confirmed P. vivax mono-infections was conducted. Consistent with current national guidelines, primaquine was not administered. Subjects were followed up daily during the acute phase of illness (days 0-3) and weekly until day 56. The primary endpoint was the overall cumulative parasitological failure rate at day 56 after the start of treatment, with the hypothesis being that dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was non-inferior compared to chloroquine (Delta = 5% difference in proportion of failures). Results: Of 2,182 individuals with positive blood films for P. vivax, 536 were enrolled in the trial. The day 28 cure rate was 100% in both treatment groups. Parasite clearance was more rapid with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine than chloroquine. At day 56, there were more recurrent infections in the chloroquine arm (8.9%, 95% CI 6.0-13.1%) than the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine arm (2.8%, 95% CI 1.4-5.8%), a difference in cumulative recurrence rate of 6.1% (2-sided 90% CI + 2.6 to + 9.7%). The log-rank test comparing the survival curves confirmed the superiority of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine over chloroquine (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that a lower initial haemoglobin concentration was also independently associated with recurrence. Both regimens were well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Chloroquine remains an efficacious treatment for the treatment of vivax malaria in Afghanistan. In a setting where radical therapy cannot be administered, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine provides additional benefit in terms of post-treatment prophylaxis, reducing the incidence of recurrence from 4-8 weeks after treatment. ISSN: 1475-2875 Article Number: 105 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-105 Record 16 of 726 Author(s): Leeyaphan, C (Leeyaphan, C.); Kulthanan, K (Kulthanan, K.); Jongjareamprasert, K (Jongjareamprasert, K.); Dhana, N (Dhana, N.) Title: Drug-induced angioedema without urticaria: prevalence and clinical features Source: JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY, 24 (6): 685-691 JUN 2010 Abstract: Background Angioedema without urticaria can be caused by drugs. The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence and clinical features of patients with drug-induced angioedema without urticaria. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed case records at Siriraj Hospital, between January 2007 and December 2008. Patients aged at least 15 years were included. Results The prevalence of drug-induced angioedema without urticaria among patients with adverse drug reactions was 2.3%/year. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were the most common cause (50%), followed by antibiotics (20%). The commonest NSAID which induced angioedema were ibuprofen and diclofenac. The common sites were periorbital area (67.3%) and lips (27.6%). The median duration of suspected drug therapy before the development of angioedema was 1 day with the range of 10 min to 23 days. Conclusions Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics were the most common drugs causing angioedema without urticaria. The duration of onset ranged from minutes to days. After stopping the suspected drugs, symptoms disappeared within 2-5 days in most patients. ISSN: 0926-9959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03489.x Record 17 of 726 Author(s): Gruson, KI (Gruson, Konrad I.); Pillai, G (Pillai, Gita); Vanadurongwan, B (Vanadurongwan, Bavornat); Parsons, BO (Parsons, Bradford O.); Flatow, EL (Flatow, Evan L.) Title: Early clinical results following staged bilateral primary total shoulder arthroplasty Source: JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, 19 (1): 137-142 JAN 2010 Abstract: Background: The advantages of performing either a single- or 2-staged joint replacement has been reviewed extensively in the hip and knee arthroplasty literature, but far less data exist regarding total shoulder replacements. In the appropriate clinical setting, bilateral total shoulder arthroplasty yields excellent functional results with a low complication profile. Materials and methods: We evaluated retrospectively the records of 13 consecutive patients (26 shoulders) who underwent staged bilateral primary total shoulder replacements by a single surgeon, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months for each side (range, 12.0-61.5). The interval between replacements averaged 7.4 months (range, 0.5-26.0). Results: The mean unadjusted baseline Constant score for the first versus the second side was not significant (35 vs 41, P=.3). These scores improved to 73 and 72 by final follow-up (both P<.0001). Mean pain scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) improved from 6.9 to 0.9 (P<.0001). We found no difference in the estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, or hospital length of stay (LOS) between the sides. Significantly higher mean scores were demonstrated in all components of the SF-36 questionnaire over a normalized cohort of U.S. age-matched males and females by final follow-up. All patients were satisfied with both procedures. Conclusion: Staged, bilateral total shoulder arthroplasty results in excellent functional outcomes and high satisfaction in subjective patient assessment. We currently recommend a minimum of 6 weeks between replacements to allow for appropriate tissue healing and rehabilitation. ISSN: 1058-2746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2009.04.005 Record 18 of 726 Author(s): Moongkarndi, P (Moongkarndi, Primchanien); Srisawat, C (Srisawat, Chatchawan); Saetun, P (Saetun, Putita); Jantaravinid, J (Jantaravinid, Jiraporn); Peerapittayamongkol, C (Peerapittayamongkol, Chayanon); Soi-Ampornkul, R (Soi-ampornkul, Rungtip); Junnu, S (Junnu, Sarawut); Sinchaikul, S (Sinchaikul, Supachok); Chen, ST (Chen, Shui-Tein); Charoensilp, P (Charoensilp, Patcharakajee); Thongboonkerd, V (Thongboonkerd, Visith); Neungton, N (Neungton, Neelobol) Title: Protective Effect of Mangosteen Extract against beta-Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Altered Proteome in SK-N-SH Cells Source: JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH, 9 (5): 2076-2086 MAY 2010 ISSN: 1535-3893 DOI: 10.1021/pr100049v Record 19 of 726 Author(s): Chosrowjan, H (Chosrowjan, Haik); Taniguchi, S (Taniguchi, Seiji); Mataga, N (Mataga, Noboru); Nakanishi, T (Nakanishi, Takeshi); Haruyama, Y (Haruyama, Yoshihiro); Sato, S (Sato, Shuta); Kitamura, M (Kitamura, Masaya); Tanaka, F (Tanaka, Fumio) Title: Effects of the Disappearance of One Charge on Ultrafast Fluorescence Dynamics of the FMN Binding Protein Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 114 (18): 6175-6182 MAY 13 2010 Abstract: Crystal structures of E13T (G1u13 was replaced by Thr13) and E13Q (G1u13 was replaced by G1n13) FMN binding proteins (FMN-bp) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris, strain Miyazaki F, were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. Geometrical factors related to photoinduced electron transfer from Trp32, Tyr35, and Trp106 to the excited isoalloxazine (Iso*) were compared among the three forms of FMN-bp. The rate of ET is considered to be fastest from Trp32 to Iso* in FMN-bp and then from Tyr35 and Trp106. The distances between lso and Trp32 did not change appreciably (0.705-0.712 nm) among wr, Elyr, and E13Q FiV1Nbps, though the distances between Iso and Tyr35 or Trp106 became a little shorter by ca. 0.01 nm in both mutated FMN-bps. The distances between the residue at 13 and the ET donors or acceptor in the mutated proteins, however, changed markedly, compared to WT. Hydrogen bonding pairs and distances between Is and surrounding amino acids were not modified when Glu 13 was replaced by Thr13 or Gin 13. Effects of elimination of ionic charge at Glu 13 on the ultrafast fluorescence dynamics in E13T and E13Q were investigated comparing to WT, by means of a fluorescence up-conversion method. Fluorescence lifetimes were tau(1) = 107 fs (alpha(1) = 0.86), tau(2) = 475 fs (alpha(2) = 0.12), and tau(3) = 30 Ps (alpha(3) = 0.02) in El3T and tau(1) = 134 fs (alpha(1) = 0.85), tau(2)= 746 fs (alpha(2) = 0.12), and tau(3) = 30 ps (alpha(3) = 0.03) in E13Q, which are compared to the reported lifetimes in WT, tau(1) = 168 fs (alpha(1) = 0.95) and tau(2) = 1.4 Ps (alpha(2) = 0.05). Average lifetimes (tau(Av) = Sigma(2or3)(i=1)alpha(i)iota(o)) were 0.75 ps in E13T, 1.10 ps in E13Q, and 0.23 ps in WT, which implies that tau(AV) was 3.3 times longer in E13T and 4.8 times longer in E13Q, compared to WT. The ultrafast fluorescence dynamics of WT did not change when solvent changed from H2O to D2O. Static Er rates (inverse of average lifetimes) were analyzed with static structures of the three systems of FMN-bp. Net electrostatic (ES) energies of Iso and Trp32, on which ET rates depend, were 0.0263 eV in WT, 0.322 eV in E13T, and 0.412 eV in E13Q. The calculated ET rates were in excellent agreement with the observed ones in all systems. ISSN: 1520-6106 DOI: 10.1021/jp912137s Record 20 of 726 Author(s): Putri, SP (Putri, Sastia Prama); Kinoshita, H (Kinoshita, Hiroshi); Ihara, F (Ihara, Fumio); Igarashi, Y (Igarashi, Yasuhiro); Nihira, T (Nihira, Takuya) Title: Ophiosetin, a new tetramic acid derivative from the mycopathogenic fungus Elaphocordyceps ophioglossoides Source: JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS, 63 (4): 195-198 APR 2010 ISSN: 0021-8820 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.8 Record 21 of 726 Author(s): Ngamsaad, W (Ngamsaad, Waipot); Yojina, J (Yojina, Jiraporn); Triampo, W (Triampo, Wannapong) Title: Theoretical studies of phase-separation kinetics in a Brinkman porous medium Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL, 43 (20): Art. No. 202001 MAY 21 2010 Abstract: Although the coarsening of binary fluid mixtures in porous media has been of great interest for some time, there are still no complete theories for describing the relevant mechanisms, and more theoretical work needs to be carried out. In this work, we have proposed a simple model for phase separation of binary fluids in a porous medium, where the Brinkman-extended-Darcy equation and Cahn-Hilliard equation are the dynamical constitutions. Using the dimensional analysis approach, our findings lead to the prediction of domain coarsening in a porous medium for several regimes, including the conventional power laws. In addition, we have found that slowed-down coarsening dynamics are caused by the hydrodynamic screening effect, which is governed by the logarithmic law for this regime. Our theoretical results are at least qualitatively consistent with previous reports using simulations or experiments. ISSN: 1751-8113 Article Number: 202001 DOI: 10.1088/1751-8113/43/20/202001 Record 22 of 726 Author(s): Overman, A (Overman, A.); Bumrungpert, A (Bumrungpert, A.); Kennedy, A (Kennedy, A.); Martinez, K (Martinez, K.); Chuang, CC (Chuang, C-C); West, T (West, T.); Dawson, B (Dawson, B.); Jia, W (Jia, W.); McIntosh, M (McIntosh, M.) Title: Polyphenol-rich grape powder extract (GPE) attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, 34 (5): 800-808 MAY 2010 Abstract: Background: Obesity-associated inflammation is characterized by an increased abundance of macrophages (M Phi s) in white adipose tissue (WAT), leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins (PGs) that can cause insulin resistance. Grape powder extract (GPE) is rich in phenolic phytochemicals that possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: We examined the ability of GPE to prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in human M Phi s and silence the cross-talk between human M Phi s and adipocytes. Design: We investigated the effect of GPE pretreatment on LPS-mediated activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and induction of inflammatory genes in human M Phi s (that is, differentiated U937 cells). In addition, we determined the effect of GPE pretreatment of MFs on inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes incubated with LPS-challenged M Phi-conditioned medium (M Phi-CM). Methods and Results: Pretreatment of M Phi s with GPE attenuated LPS-induction of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1 beta; chemokines, such as IL-8 and interferon-g inducible protein-10 (IP-10); and a marker of PG production, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Grape powder extract also attenuated LPS activation of MAPKs, NF-kappa B and AP-1 (c-Jun), as evidenced by decreased (1) phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38; (2) degradation of I kappa B alpha and activation of an NF-kappa B reporter construct; and (3) phosphorylation of c-Jun and Elk-1. Using LPS-challenged M Phi-CM, GPE pretreatment attenuated MF-mediated inflammatory gene expression, activation of an NF-kappa B reporter and suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in human adipocytes. Conclusion: Collectively, these data demonstrate that GPE attenuates LPS-mediated inflammation in M Phi s, possibly by decreasing the activation of MAPKs, NF-kappa B and AP-1, and that GPE decreases the capacity of LPS-stimulated MFs to inflame adipocytes and cause insulin resistance. International Journal of Obesity (2010) 34, 800-808; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.296; published online 26 January 2010 ISSN: 0307-0565 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.296 Record 23 of 726 Author(s): Baowan, D (Baowan, Duangkamon); Cox, BJ (Cox, Barry J.); Hill, JM (Hill, James M.) Title: Discrete and Continuous Approximations for Nanobuds Source: FULLERENES NANOTUBES AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES, 18 (2): 160-177 2010 Abstract: Both discrete and continuous approximations are employed to determine the join structure involved in the novel carbon nanostructure formed from a C60 fullerene and a carbon nanotube, namely a nanobud. First, following the methodology of the authors' previous work, using a least squares minimization procedure, discrete models are used to join a fullerene and a carbon nanotube by minimizing both the variation in the bond length and the variation in the bond angle. These purely geometrical approaches are closely related to the bonded potential energy method adopted by several authors. Second, by employing a calculus of variations technique, a continuous approximation to the nanobud is determined. In this case, there are also two models depending upon the sign of the curvature of the join profile. We find that the discrete and the continuous approximations are in reasonable overall agreement. However, there is no experimental or simulation data to determine which procedure gives the more realistic results. ISSN: 1536-383X DOI: 10.1080/15363830903586625 Record 24 of 726 Author(s): Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, Somnuek) Title: Mortality rates in HIV-infected patients with second failure of antiretroviral therapy are still high: a lesson from NA-ACCORD Source: EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY, 8 (4-5): 371-373 APR 2010 Abstract: In clinical practice, a significant proportion of HIV-infected patients still experience treatment failure during antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is limited information regarding the second treatment failure and its mortality rate. This article assessed the findings of a recently published paper describing analyzed data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. A total of 7159 out of 36,188 patients who received ART had a second virologic failure from ART. Although the risk of second failure decreased from 1996 to 2005 owing to the evolution of ART, the cumulative mortality at 5 years after onset of second failure was 26%. Strategies to prevent treatment failure are urgently needed in order to minimize the mortality among HIV-infected patients receiving ART. ISSN: 1478-7210 DOI: 10.1586/ERI.10.18 Record 25 of 726 Author(s): Limsuwan, T (Limsuwan, Ticha); Castells, MC (Castells, Mariana C.) Title: Outcomes and safety of rapid desensitization for chemotherapy hypersensitivity Source: EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY, 9 (1): 39-53 JAN 2010 Abstract: Importance of the field: The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to chemotherapy agents has increased because of increasing number of cancer survivors are exposed to repeated courses of sensitizing agents. Replacement with an alternative chemotherapy regimen is often limited by tumor sensitivity. Rapid desensitization offers an effective mean to allow continuation of the treatment to which patients have presented HSRs. Areas covered in this review: We review the methods, outcome and safety of the rapid desensitization protocol developed at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Affiliate, based on our recent publication "Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy: outcome and safety of rapid desensitization in 413 cases". Literature search was conducted through Medline (from January 1976 to September 2009), using PubMed. What the reader will gain: The article will give insight to clinical manifestations of immediate HSR to various chemotherapy agents and their presumably different immunopathomechanism. Risk assessment, including skin testing in those presented HSRs to platins and details on rapid desensitization process and its pitfalls will be discussed. Take home message: Standard protocol of rapid desensitization, administering under multidisciplinary team approach, is safe and effective in overcoming immediate HSRs to platins, taxanes, doxorubicin and rituximab via both intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. ISSN: 1474-0338 DOI: 10.1517/14740330903446936 Record 26 of 726 Author(s): Nateewattana, J (Nateewattana, Jomjun); Trichaiyaporn, S (Trichaiyaporn, Siripen); Saouy, M (Saouy, Maliwan); Nateewattana, J (Nateewattana, Jintapat); Thavornyutikarn, P (Thavornyutikarn, Prasak); Pengchai, P (Pengchai, Petch); Choonluchanon, S (Choonluchanon, Somporn) Title: Monitoring of arsenic in aquatic plants, water, and sediment of wastewater treatment ponds at the Mae Moh Lignite power plant, Thailand Source: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 165 (1-4): 585-594 JUN 2010 Abstract: Mae Moh is a risky area for arsenic contamination caused by the effluent from biowetland ponds in Mae Moh lignite-fuelled power plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the arsenic concentrations of Mae Moh biowetland ponds and determine the main factors which are important for arsenic phytoremediation in the treatment system. The result revealed that arsenic concentrations in the supernant were in the range of less than 1.0 mu g As L (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) to 2.0 mu g As L (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) while those in the sediment were in the range of 25-200 mu g As kg soil (-aEuro parts per thousand 1). Both values were below the Thailand national standard of 0.25 mg As L (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) for water and 27 mg As kg soil (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) for the soil. Arsenic accumulation in the biomass of 5 aquatic plants at the biowetland ponds ranged from 123.83 to 280.53 mg As kgPlant (-aEuro parts per thousand 1). Regarding the result of regression analysis (R (2) = 0.474 to 0.954), high concentrations of organic matter and other soluble ions as well as high pH value in the sediment could significantly enhance the removal of soluble arsenic in the wetland ponds. From the regression equation of accumulated arsenic concentration in each aquatic plant, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. (R (2) = 0.954), Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (R (2) = 0.850), and Typha angustifolia (L.) (R (2) = 0.841) were found to be preferable arsenic removers for wastewater treatment pond in the condition of low Eh value and high content of solid phase EC and phosphorus. On the other hand, Canna glauca (L.) (R (2) = 0.749) appeared to be favorable arsenic accumulator for the treatment pond in the condition of high Eh value and high concentration of soluble EC. ISSN: 0167-6369 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0970-1 Record 27 of 726 Author(s): Koomanachai, P (Koomanachai, Pornpan); Bulik, CC (Bulik, Catharine C.); Kuti, JL (Kuti, Joseph L.); Nicolau, DP (Nicolau, David P.) Title: Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Intravenous Antibiotics Against Gram-Negative Bacteria Collected in the United States Source: CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS, 32 (4): 766-779 APR 2010 Abstract: Background: In the era of escalating antimicrobial resistance, the choice of effective empiric antimicrobial therapy has become considerably more difficult. In an attempt to improve antimicrobial selection, pharmacodynamic modeling that considers the drug, dose, dosing interval, and duration of infusion is increasingly used as a tool to assist in the clinical decision-making process. Objective: The aim of the PASSPORT (Probability of target attainment of Antibacterial agents Studied for Susceptibility and Pharmacodynamic Optimization in Regional Trials) study was to compare the probabilities of achieving requisite pharmacodynamic exposure (eg, T>MIC, AUC/MIC) of common intravenous antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: Using a 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation, pharmacodynamic analyses were conducted for standard and high-dose, prolonged (ie, 3- to 4-hour) infusions of cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with normal renal function (>= 50 mL/min). MIC data were incorporated from the 2008 TRUST (Tracking Resistance in the United States Today)-12 surveillance program, a long-running resistance study in 56 participating US hospitals. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was determined for each regimen against each population of E coli, K pneumoniae, A baumannii, and P aeruginosa. Optimal CFR was defined a priori as 90%. Results: All of the B-lactam regimens had optimal CFRs against E coli, and all but piperacillin/tazobactam 3.375 g q6h had optimal CFRs against K pneumoniae. The fluoroquinolones had the lowest CFRs against all of the pathogen populations tested (73.2%-88.9% against E coli and K pneumoniae; 44.5%-61.9% against A baumannii and P aeruginosa). Optimal CFR against A baumannii was not achieved with any of the regimens. Against P aeruginosa, high-dose, prolonged-infusion doripenem and meropenem had CFRs of 97.2% to 98.8%, followed by high-dose, prolonged-infusion ceftazidime (93.3%) and cefepime (93.2%). High-dose, prolonged-infusion regimens were associated with increased CFRs for all beta-lactams by similar to 10% over that of standard 0.5-hour infusion regimens against the nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. Conclusions: Based on this model, standard doses of most intravenous B-lactam regimens had high probabilities of achieving optimal exposure against Enterobacteriaceae. For nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli such as A baumannii and P aeruginosa, high-dose, prolonged infusions of cefepime, ceftazidime, doripenem, and meropenem had the highest probabilities of achieving bactericidal exposure. (Clin Ther. 2010;32:766-779) (C) 2010 Excerpta Medica Inc. ISSN: 0149-2918 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.04.003 Record 28 of 726 Author(s): Anantamongkol, U (Anantamongkol, Utchariya); Charoenphandhu, N (Charoenphandhu, Narattaphol); Wongdee, K (Wongdee, Kannikar); Teerapornpuntakit, J (Teerapornpuntakit, Jarinthorn); Suthiphongchai, T (Suthiphongchai, Tuangporn); Prapong, S (Prapong, Siriwan); Krishnamra, N (Krishnamra, Nateetip) Title: Transcriptome analysis of mammary tissues reveals complex patterns of transporter gene expression during pregnancy and lactation Source: CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 34 (1): 67-74 JAN 2010 Abstract: As a complex Ca2+-rich fluid mixture of water, casein, lactose and several ions, milk secretion requires a number of unknown transporters, which can be identified by a genome-wide microarray study in mammary tissues of lactating animals. Ca2+ was reported to be secreted across mammary epithelial cells through the transcellular pathway, presumably involving TRPC (canonical transient receptor potential) channels. In the present study, we have used quantitative real-time PCR to demonstrate that the human mammary cell line MCF-7, as well as rat mammary tissues from pregnant and lactating rats, expressed TRPC1, TRPC5 and TRPC6. Expression of TRPC1, TRPC5 and TRPC7 were markedly up-regulated, whereas that of TRPC3 and TRPC4 was down-regulated in the early lactating period. To further identify other transporter genes affected by lactation, a highly sensitive Illumina microarray featuring Bead Array technology was performed on RNA samples from mammary tissues of lactating rats. We found that, of the 384 transcripts changed during lactation, 31 transcripts were involved in the transport of water and electrolytes, such as Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, I-, Fe2+, sulfate and phosphate. The present study, therefore, provides information for further investigation of the mechanism of lactation-induced transport adaptation in mammary epithelial cells. ISSN: 1065-6995 DOI: 10.1042/CBI20090023 Record 29 of 726 Author(s): Manonai, J (Manonai, Jittima); Wattanayingcharoenchai, R (Wattanayingcharoenchai, Rujira); Sarit-apirak, S (Sarit-apirak, Sirirat); Vannatim, N (Vannatim, Nathatai); Chittacharoen, A (Chittacharoen, Apichart) Title: Prevalence and risk factors of anorectal dysfunction in women with urinary incontinence Source: ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS, 281 (6): 1003-1007 JUN 2010 Abstract: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of anorectal dysfunction among women with urinary incontinence. This cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending the urogynecology clinic. Women with symptoms of urinary incontinence were requested to complete a structured questionnaire. Four hundred and thirteen women participated in the study and 43.8% had at least one anorectal symptom. The prevalence rates of anal incontinence, constipation, and difficult defecation were 8.0, 38.0, and 25.7%, respectively. The risk factors associated with anorectal dysfunction were age and number of parity. Anorectal dysfunction was prevalent among women with urinary incontinence; age and number of parity were the risk factors. All women with symptoms of urinary incontinence should be evaluated about anorectal symptoms. ISSN: 0932-0067 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-009-1223-9 Record 30 of 726 Author(s): Kaewphinit, T (Kaewphinit, Thongchai); Santiwatanakul, S (Santiwatanakul, Somchai); Promptmas, C (Promptmas, Chamras); Chansiri, K (Chansiri, Kosum) Title: Detection of Non-Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genomic DNA Using Piezoelectric DNA-Based Biosensors Source: SENSORS, 10 (3): 1846-1858 MAR 2010 Abstract: Piezoelectric DNA-based biosensor technology was developed as a new method for detection of M. tuberculosis. This method consists of immobilizing a thiol-modified oligonucleotide probe on the gold electrode surface of a quartz crystal, using a self-assembled monolayer method. The advantage of this study is that a non-amplified genomic bacterial DNA target was used. Instead, the genomic DNA was digested by restriction enzyme to obtain DNA fragments containing the target sequence. The fabricated biosensor was evaluated through an examination of 200 samples. No cross hybridization were observed against M. avium complex and other microorganisms. This target DNA preparation, without PCR amplification, will reduce time, costs, and the tedious step of amplification. ISSN: 1424-8220 DOI: 10.3390/s100301846 Record 31 of 726 Author(s): Dejnirattisai, W (Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa); Jumnainsong, A (Jumnainsong, Amonrat); Onsirisakul, N (Onsirisakul, Naruthai); Fitton, P (Fitton, Patricia); Vasanawathana, S (Vasanawathana, Sirijitt); Limpitikul, W (Limpitikul, Wannee); Puttikhunt, C (Puttikhunt, Chunya); Edwards, C (Edwards, Carolyn); Duangchinda, T (Duangchinda, Thaneeya); Supasa, S (Supasa, Sunpetchuda); Chawansuntati, K (Chawansuntati, Kriangkrai); Malasit, P (Malasit, Prida); Mongkolsapaya, J (Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip); Screaton, G (Screaton, Gavin) Title: Cross-Reacting Antibodies Enhance Dengue Virus Infection in Humans Source: SCIENCE, 328 (5979): 745-748 MAY 7 2010 Abstract: Dengue virus co-circulates as four serotypes, and sequential infections with more than one serotype are common. One hypothesis for the increased severity seen in secondary infections is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) leading to increased replication in Fc receptor-bearing cells. In this study, we have generated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies to dengue virus. Antibodies to the structural precursor-membrane protein (prM) form a major component of the response. These antibodies are highly cross-reactive among the dengue virus serotypes and, even at high concentrations, do not neutralize infection but potently promote ADE. We propose that the partial cleavage of prM from the viral surface reduces the density of antigen available for viral neutralization, leaving dengue viruses susceptible to ADE by antibody to prM, a finding that has implications for future vaccine design. ISSN: 0036-8075 DOI: 10.1126/science.1185181 Record 32 of 726 Author(s): Boonkusol, D (Boonkusol, Duangjai); Dinnyes, A (Dinnyes, Andras); Faisaikarm, T (Faisaikarm, Tassanee); Sangsuwan, P (Sangsuwan, Parisatcha); Pratipnatalang, N (Pratipnatalang, Nathnapith); Sa-Ardrit, M (Sa-Ardrit, Mayurachat); Saikhun, K (Saikhun, Kulnasan); Svasti, S (Svasti, Saovaros); Vadolas, J (Vadolas, Jim); Winichagoon, P (Winichagoon, Pranee); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat); Kitiyanant, Y (Kitiyanant, Yindee) Title: Effect of human beta-globin bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis on embryo cryopreservation in mouse models Source: REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT, 22 (5): 788-795 2010 Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of embryo cryopreservation for four transgenic (TG) thalassaemic mouse strains, which is a key element of the ongoing gene banking efforts for these high-value animals. Heterozygous TG embryos were produced by breeding four lines of TG males to wild-type (WT) females (C57BL/6J). Intact two-cell embryos were cryopreserved by vitrification in straws using 35% ethylene glycol. Survival rates of cryopreserved embryos ranged between 91.1% (102/112) and 93.6% (176/188) without significant differences between the lines. In contrast, the paternal line had a significant effect on the development of these embryos to the blastocyst stage, which ranged from 50.6% (92/182) to 77.5% (79/102). This effect was also noted following embryo transfers, with implantation rates varying from 17.3% (19/110) to 78.1% (35/45). The results demonstrate that the in vivo developmental potential is significantly influenced by TG line and reveal a specific line effect on cryosurvival. All bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic fetuses developed from vitrified-warmed embryos showed expression of the human beta-globin transgene. In conclusion, the present study shows a strong TG line effect on developmental competence following cryopreservation and the vitrification method was successful to bank the human beta-globin TG-expressing mouse strains. ISSN: 1031-3613 DOI: 10.1071/RD09128 Record 33 of 726 Author(s): Kitamura, S (Kitamura, S.); Thong-Aree, S (Thong-Aree, S.); Madsri, S (Madsri, S.); Poonswad, P (Poonswad, P.) Title: MAMMAL DIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION IN A SMALL ISOLATED FOREST OF SOUTHERN THAILAND Source: RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY, 58 (1): 145-156 FEB 28 2010 Abstract: Knowledge of the presence and distribution of species is crucial for designing and evaluating conservation strategies within a region. We conducted a camera-trapping survey of terrestrial mammal and bird diversity in a small isolated forest of southern Thailand over 3 yr. A total of 15 camera traps, which accumulated 11,106 camera-days, were set in three forest types: primary, logged, and hill forests. Despite its small size, isolation, and surrounding agricultural areas, a total of 35 mammal species, eight bird species, and one reptile species were recorded in the forest system. The total number of species photographed was similar among forest types (26-30 species), and rarefaction curves of each forest did not indicate any differences in the relationship between sampling effort and recorded species richness. As the activity period of these animals does not appear to be affected by human activities, we believe that the effect of direct poaching on large mammals in the study area is negligible. Although we did not observe any previously unrecorded animals in our study site, our findings are very valuable and point to the importance of biodivcrsity conservation efforts in these small fragmented and human-modified forest landscapes. ISSN: 0217-2445 Record 34 of 726 Author(s): Mischak, H (Mischak, Harald); Kolch, W (Kolch, Walter); Aivaliotis, M (Aivaliotis, Michalis); Bouyssie, D (Bouyssie, David); Court, M (Court, Magali); Dihazi, H (Dihazi, Hassan); Dihazi, GH (Dihazi, Gry H.); Franke, J (Franke, Julia); Garin, J (Garin, Jerome); de Peredo, AG (de Peredo, Anne Gonzalez); Iphofer, A (Iphoefer, Alexander); Jansch, L (Jaensch, Lothar); Lacroix, C (Lacroix, Chrystelle); Makridakis, M (Makridakis, Manousos); Masselon, C (Masselon, Christophe); Metzger, J (Metzger, Jochen); Monsarrat, B (Monsarrat, Bernard); Mrug, M (Mrug, Michal); Norling, M (Norling, Martin); Novak, J (Novak, Jan); Pich, A (Pich, Andreas); Pitt, A (Pitt, Andrew); Bongcam-Rudloff, E (Bongcam-Rudloff, Erik); Siwy, J (Siwy, Justyna); Suzuki, H (Suzuki, Hitoshi); Thongboonkerd, V (Thongboonkerd, Visith); Wang, LS (Wang, Li-Shun); Zoidakis, J (Zoidakis, Jerome); Zurbig, P (Zuerbig, Petra); Schanstra, JP (Schanstra, Joost P.); Vlahou, A (Vlahou, Antonia) Title: Comprehensive human urine standards for comparability and standardization in clinical proteome analysis Source: PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, 4 (4): 464-478 APR 2010 Abstract: Purpose: Urine proteomics is emerging as a powerful tool for biomarker discovery. The purpose of this study is the development of a well-characterized "real life" sample that can be used as reference standard in urine clinical proteomics studies. Experimental design: We report on the generation of male and female urine samples that are extensively characterized by different platforms and methods (CE-MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, 1-D gel analysis in combination with nano-LC MS/MS (using LTQ-FT ultra), and 2-DE-MS) for their proteome and peptidome. In several cases analysis involved a definition of the actual biochemical entities, i.e. proteins/peptides associated with molecular mass and detected PTMs and the relative abundance of these compounds. Results: The combination of different technologies allowed coverage of a wide mass range revealing the advantages and complementarities of the different technologies. Application of these samples in "inter-laboratory" and "inter-platform" data comparison is also demonstrated. Conclusions and clinical relevance: These well-characterized urine samples are freely available upon request to enable data comparison especially in the context of biomarker discovery and validation studies. It is also expected that they will provide the basis for the comprehensive characterization of the urinary proteome. ISSN: 1862-8346 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900189 Record 35 of 726 Author(s): Boonsnongcheep, P (Boonsnongcheep, Panitch); Korsangruang, S (Korsangruang, Sirintra); Soonthornchareonnon, N (Soonthornchareonnon, Noppamas); Chintapakorn, Y (Chintapakorn, Yupyn); Saralamp, P (Saralamp, Promchit); Prathanturarug, S (Prathanturarug, Sompop) Title: Growth and isoflavonoid accumulation of Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica cell suspension cultures Source: PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE, 101 (2): 119-126 MAY 2010 Abstract: We established cell suspension cultures derived from leaf, stem, and root calli of Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica using liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.56 mu M 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 4.52 mu M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Growth of the cell suspension cultures progressed to the stationary phase within 15-24 days. Methanolic extracts of cell suspension cultures of both varieties of P. candollei were analyzed using a validated HPLC protocol. All cell lines derived from leaf, stem, and root explants produced four major isoflavonoids: daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin; these isoflavonoids were detected only in the roots of intact plants. Furthermore, the isoflavonoid contents of the cell suspension cultures were higher than those of intact plants. Thus, cell suspension culture of both varieties of P. candollei may be an effective tool for isoflavonoid production. ISSN: 0167-6857 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-010-9668-x Record 36 of 726 Author(s): Sopalun, K (Sopalun, Kathawut); Thammasiri, K (Thammasiri, Kanchit); Ishikawa, K (Ishikawa, Keiko) Title: Micropropagation of the Thai orchid Grammatophyllum speciosum blume Source: PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE, 101 (2): 143-150 MAY 2010 Abstract: Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were induced from shoot tips of Grammatophyllum speciosum, a Thai orchid. The highest frequency of PLBs (93%) were observed on explants incubated on 1/2-Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 2% (w/v) sucrose without any plant growth regulators (PGRs). Tests with different carbon sources compared to sucrose revealed that maltose promoted the highest relative growth of G. speciosum PLBs (7-fold increase), while trehalose and sucrose yielded 5-fold and 4-fold increases, respectively. In 1/2 MS liquid medium, addition of 15 mg/l of chitosan promoted a 7-fold increase in PLB growth while 25 mg/l promoted a 4-fold increase. However, the relative growth rate in solid culture was significantly lower than that in liquid culture. In addition, chitosan supplementation in solid medium promoted shoot formation but not rooting. Plantlet regeneration was induced using a combination of NAA and BA supplementation in 1/2 MS solid medium with optimum induction shoot and root formation at 2.0 mg/l NAA and 1.0 mg/l BA. Using this protocol, approximately 8 months was required to obtain a hundred plantlets from one shoot tip. The plantlets showed no changes in ploidy when tested by flow cytometry. ISSN: 0167-6857 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-010-9671-2 Record 37 of 726 Author(s): Tangyuenyongwatana, P (Tangyuenyongwatana, Prasan); Gritsanapan, W (Gritsanapan, Wandee) Title: Quantitative analysis and toxicity determination of artifacts originated in a Thai traditional medicine Prasaplai Source: PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY, 48 (5): 584-588 MAY 2010 Abstract: Prasaplai is a Thai traditional medicine for relieving dysmenorrhea and adjusting the menstrual cycle. Three fatty acid esters, (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl linoleate (1), (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl oleate (2) and (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (3) are formed during storage from the reaction of chemical components in two herbs, i.e., fatty acids in Nigella sativa (L.) (Ranunculaceae) and (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol (compound D) in Zingiber cassumunar (Roxb.) (Zingiberaceae). The formations of these artifacts were monitored for 1 year and their amounts were analyzed by HPLC at certain periods of time. The results showed that artifact formation was saturated after 73 days of storage. The amount of each artifact in the saturation period ranged from 3.93 +/- 0.06 to 4.30 +/- 0.18% w/w for compound 1, 1.69 +/- 0.08 to 1.9 +/- 0.13% w/w for compound 2 and 0.09 +/- 0.003 to 0.1 +/- 0.005% w/w for compound 3. Cytotoxicity of the artifacts was evaluated using NCI-H187, KB, and BC cancer cell lines and found that the IC50 of all artifacts in all tests were higher than 20 mu g/mL. For acute toxicity in mice, the LD50 of each artifact was more than 300 mg/kg.</. ISSN: 1388-0209 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903214223 Record 38 of 726 Author(s): Jirapongsananuruk, O (Jirapongsananuruk, Orathai); Pongpreuksa, S (Pongpreuksa, Sureerat); Sangacharoenkit, P (Sangacharoenkit, Preeda); Visitsunthorn, N (Visitsunthorn, Nualanong); Vichyanond, P (Vichyanond, Pakit) Title: Identification of the etiologies of chronic urticaria in children: A prospective study of 94 patients Source: PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 21 (3): 508-514 MAY 2010 Abstract: The etiologies of chronic urticaria (CU) in childhood remains incompletely understood because of limited data in children. The objective of this study was to examine some of the possible etiologies of CU in children by focusing on the functional autoantibody to Fc epsilon RI alpha and IgE, thyroid autoimmunity, urticarial vasculitis, parasitic infestation and food allergy. Children 4-15 yr of age with CU were investigated for complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), antinuclear antibody (ANA), CH50, free-T4 (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibody, autologous serum skin test (ASST), skin prick tests (SPT) for foods, food challenges, and stool examination for parasites. Ninety-four children who met the criteria for CU were recruited. Patients with physical urticaria were excluded. Eosinophilia and elevated ESR were found in 23% and 13%, respectively. High ANA titers were found in 2%. None of these patients had clinical features of urticarial vasculitis, abnormal CH50 level, abnormal TSH and FT4. Anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies were not detected. Positive ASST was found in 38%. There were no differences in medication requirement and CU remission between patients with positive and negative ASST. Parasites were found in 5% without clinical correlation. SPT to foods was positive in 35%. Positive food challenges were found in six/nine patients with positive history of food allergy and two/seven patients with negative history. Food avoidance was beneficial to the subgroup of patients with positive history of food allergy only. ISSN: 0905-6157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00912.x Record 39 of 726 Author(s): Srisuphanunt, M (Srisuphanunt, Mayuna); Karanis, P (Karanis, Panagiotis); Charoenca, N (Charoenca, Naowarut); Boonkhao, N (Boonkhao, Narongsak); Ongerth, JE (Ongerth, Jerry E.) Title: Cryptosporidium and Giardia detection in environmental waters of southwest coastal areas of Thailand Source: PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH, 106 (6): 1299-1306 MAY 2010 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate water samples collected in coastal areas of Southern Thailand in the years of 2005 and 2008 for their contamination by the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia. One hundred eighteen water samples of different origin were collected from six Tsunami affected southern provinces of Thailand in early 2005, and they have been analyzed using standardized methodology. Fifteen out of 118 samples (12.7%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and nine (7.6%) positive for Giardia spp. Additional 42 samples from two same areas were examined 3 years later, in the early 2008. Five out of 42 (11.9%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., and three out of 42 (7.1%) were positive for Giardia spp.. Both protozoans were found in reservoir, river/canal, and pond waters. It appears no significant differences (p < 0.05) between Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts levels during the two monitoring periods; however, the number of the investigated areas and samples in the second period was significantly less than in the first period. This is the first description on Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts in water sources of Thailand, and it suggests the need for water quality control in the interest of public health safety. ISSN: 0932-0113 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1795-0 Record 40 of 726 Author(s): Freathy, RM (Freathy, Rachel M.); Mook-Kanamori, DO (Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.); Sovio, U (Sovio, Ulla); Prokopenko, I (Prokopenko, Inga); Timpson, NJ (Timpson, Nicholas J.); Berry, DJ (Berry, Diane J.); Warrington, NM (Warrington, Nicole M.); Widen, E (Widen, Elisabeth); Hottenga, JJ (Hottenga, Jouke Jan); Kaakinen, M (Kaakinen, Marika); Lange, LA (Lange, Leslie A.); Bradfield, JP (Bradfield, Jonathan P.); Kerkhof, M (Kerkhof, Marjan); Marsh, JA (Marsh, Julie A.); Magi, R (Maegi, Reedik); Chen, CM (Chen, Chih-Mei); Lyon, HN (Lyon, Helen N.); Kirin, M (Kirin, Mirna); Adair, LS (Adair, Linda S.); Aulchenko, YS (Aulchenko, Yurii S.); Bennett, AJ (Bennett, Amanda J.); Borja, JB (Borja, Judith B.); Bouatia-Naji, N (Bouatia-Naji, Nabila); Charoen, P (Charoen, Pimphen); Coin, LJM (Coin, Lachlan J. M.); Cousminer, DL (Cousminer, Diana L.); de Geus, EJC (de Geus, Eco J. C.); Deloukas, P (Deloukas, Panos); Elliott, P (Elliott, Paul); Evans, DM (Evans, David M.); Froguel, P (Froguel, Philippe); Glaser, B (Glaser, Beate); Groves, CJ (Groves, Christopher J.); Hartikainen, AL (Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa); Hassanali, N (Hassanali, Neelam); Hirschhorn, JN (Hirschhorn, Joel N.); Hofman, A (Hofman, Albert); Holly, JMP (Holly, Jeff M. P.); Hypponen, E (Hyppoenen, Elina); Kanoni, S (Kanoni, Stavroula); Knight, BA (Knight, Bridget A.); Laitinen, J (Laitinen, Jaana); Lindgren, CM (Lindgren, Cecilia M.); McArdle, WL (McArdle, Wendy L.); O'Reilly, PF (O'Reilly, Paul F.); Pennell, CE (Pennell, Craig E.); Postma, DS (Postma, Dirkje S.); Pouta, A (Pouta, Anneli); Ramasamy, A (Ramasamy, Adaikalavan); Rayner, NW (Rayner, Nigel W.); Ring, SM (Ring, Susan M.); Rivadeneira, F (Rivadeneira, Fernando); Shields, BM (Shields, Beverley M.); Strachan, DP (Strachan, David P.); Surakka, I (Surakka, Ida); Taanila, A (Taanila, Anja); Tiesler, C (Tiesler, Carla); Uitterlinden, AG (Uitterlinden, Andre G.); van Duijn, CM (van Duijn, Cornelia M.); Wijga, AH (Wijga, Alet H.); Willemsen, G (Willemsen, Gonneke); Zhang, HT (Zhang, Haitao); Zhao, JH (Zhao, Jianhua); Wilson, JF (Wilson, James F.); Steegers, EAP (Steegers, Eric A. P.); Hattersley, AT (Hattersley, Andrew T.); Eriksson, JG (Eriksson, Johan G.); Peltonen, L (Peltonen, Leena); Mohlke, KL (Mohlke, Karen L.); Grant, SFA (Grant, Struan F. A.); Hakonarson, H (Hakonarson, Hakon); Koppelman, GH (Koppelman, Gerard H.); Dedoussis, GV (Dedoussis, George V.); Heinrich, J (Heinrich, Joachim); Gillman, MW (Gillman, Matthew W.); Palmer, LJ (Palmer, Lyle J.); Frayling, TM (Frayling, Timothy M.); Boomsma, DI (Boomsma, Dorret I.); Smith, GD (Smith, George Davey); Power, C (Power, Chris); Jaddoe, VWV (Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.); Jarvelin, MR (Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta); McCarthy, MI (McCarthy, Mark I.) Group Author(s): GIANT Consortium; MAGIC; WTCCC; EGG Consortium Title: Variants in ADCY5 and near CCNL1 are associated with fetal growth and birth weight Source: NATURE GENETICS, 42 (5): 430-U73 MAY 2010 Abstract: To identify genetic variants associated with birth weight, we meta-analyzed six genome-wide association (GWA) studies (n = 10,623 Europeans from pregnancy/birth cohorts) and followed up two lead signals in 13 replication studies (n = 27,591). rs900400 near LEKR1 and CCNL1 (P = 2 x 10(-35)) and rs9883204 in ADCY5 (P = 7 x 10(-15)) were robustly associated with birth weight. Correlated SNPs in ADCY5 were recently implicated in regulation of glucose levels and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes(1), providing evidence that the well-described association between lower birth weight and subsequent type 2 diabetes(2,3) has a genetic component, distinct from the proposed role of programming by maternal nutrition. Using data from both SNPs, we found that the 9% of Europeans carrying four birth weight-lowering alleles were, on average, 113 g (95% CI 89-137 g) lighter at birth than the 24% with zero or one alleles (P-trend = 7 x 10(-30)). The impact on birth weight is similar to that of a mother smoking 4-5 cigarettes per day in the third trimester of pregnancy(4). ISSN: 1061-4036 DOI: 10.1038/ng.567 Record 41 of 726 Author(s): Crawley, J (Crawley, Jane); Chu, C (Chu, Cindy); Mtove, G (Mtove, George); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois) Title: Malaria in children Source: LANCET, 375 (9724): 1468-1481 APR 24 2010 Abstract: The past decade has seen an unprecedented surge in political commitment and international funding for malaria control. Coverage with existing control methods (ie, vector control and artemisinin-based combination therapy) is increasing, and, in some Asian and African countries, childhood morbidity and mortality from malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum are starting to decline. Consequently, there is now renewed interest in the possibility of malaria elimination. But the ability of the parasite to develop resistance to antimalarial drugs and increasing insecticide resistance of the vector threaten to reduce and even reverse current gains. Plasmodium vivax, with its dormant liver stage, will be particularly difficult to eliminate, and access to effective and affordable treatment at community level is a key challenge. New drugs and insecticides are needed urgently, while use of an effective vaccine as part of national malaria control programmes remains an elusive goal. This Seminar, which is aimed at clinicians who manage children with malaria, especially in resource-poor settings, discusses present knowledge and controversies in relation to the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of malaria in children. ISSN: 0140-6736 Record 42 of 726 Author(s): Pohl, P (Pohl, Pawel); Vorapalawut, N (Vorapalawut, Nopparat); Bouyssiere, B (Bouyssiere, Brice); Carrier, H (Carrier, Herve); Lobinski, R (Lobinski, Ryszard) Title: Direct multi-element analysis of crude oils and gas condensates by double-focusing sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) Source: JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, 25 (5): 704-709 2010 Abstract: A double-focusing sector field ICP MS was optimized for the direct simultaneous determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, V in organic solutions. Polyatomic interferences originating from the carbon-rich matrix were completely eliminated at a resolution of 4000 allowing the detection limits at the low pg g(-1) level to be obtained ( typically one order of magnitude lower than using a quadrupole ICP MS). A method for the routine comprehensive trace element analysis of xylene solutions of oil samples using external calibration was developed. It was validated by the analysis of three certified reference materials and applied to the analysis of 2 gas condensate samples and 4 oil samples of different origins. ISSN: 0267-9477 DOI: 10.1039/c000658k Record 43 of 726 Author(s): Cappellini, MD (Cappellini, Maria Domenica); Porter, J (Porter, John); El-Beshlawy, A (El-Beshlawy, Amal); Li, CK (Li, Chi-Kong); Seymour, JF (Seymour, John F.); Elalfy, M (Elalfy, Mohsen); Gattermann, N (Gattermann, Norbert); Giraudier, S (Giraudier, Stephane); Lee, JW (Lee, Jong-Wook); Chan, LL (Chan, Lee Lee); Lin, KH (Lin, Kai-Hsin); Rose, C (Rose, Christian); Taher, A (Taher, Ali); Thein, SL (Thein, Swee Lay); Viprakasit, V (Viprakasit, Vip); Habr, D (Habr, Dany); Domokos, G (Domokos, Gabor); Roubert, B (Roubert, Bernard); Kattamis, A (Kattamis, Antonis) Group Author(s): EPIC Study Investigators Title: Tailoring iron chelation by iron intake and serum ferritin: the prospective EPIC study of deferasirox in 1744 patients with transfusion-dependent anemias Source: HAEMATOLOGICA-THE HEMATOLOGY JOURNAL, 95 (4): 557-566 APR 2010 Abstract: Background Following a clinical evaluation of deferasirox (Exjade (R)) it was concluded that, in addition to baseline body iron burden, ongoing transfusional iron intake should be considered when selecting doses. The 1-year EPIC study, the largest ever investigation conducted for an iron chelator, is the first to evaluate whether fixed starting doses of deferasirox, based on transfusional iron intake, with dose titration guided by serum ferritin trends and safety markers, provides clinically acceptable chelation in patients (aged years) with transfusional hemosiderosis from various types of anemia. Design and Methods The recommended initial dose was 20 mg/kg/day for patients receiving 2-4 packed red blood cell units/month and 10 or 30 mg/kg/day was recommended for patients receiving less or more frequent transfusions, respectively. Dose adjustments were based on 3-month serum ferritin trends and continuous assessment of safety markers. The primary efficacy end-point was change in serum ferritin after 52 weeks compared with baseline. Results The 1744 patients enrolled had the following conditions; thalassemia (n=1115), myelodysplastic syndromes (n=341), aplastic anemia (n=116), sickle cell disease (n=80), rare anemias (n=43) and other transfused anemias (n=49). Overall, there was a significant reduction in serum ferritin from baseline (-264 ng/mL; P<0.0001), reflecting dosage adjustments and ongoing iron intake. The most common (>5%) adverse events were gastrointestinal disturbances (28%) and skin rash (10%). Conclusions Analysis of this large, prospectively collected data set confirms the response to chelation therapy across various anemias, supporting initial deferasirox doses based on transfusional iron intake, with subsequent dose titration guided by trends in serum ferritin and safety markers (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00171821). ISSN: 0390-6078 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.014696 Record 44 of 726 Author(s): Phayuhasena, S (Phayuhasena, Suwannee); Colgan, DJ (Colgan, Donald J.); Kuvangkadilok, C (Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow); Pramual, P (Pramual, Pairot); Baimai, V (Baimai, Visut) Title: Phylogenetic relationships among the black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand based on multiple gene sequences Source: GENETICA, 138 (6): 633-648 JUN 2010 Abstract: Simulium is a very speciose genus of the black fly family Simuliidae that includes many important pests of humans and animals. Cytotaxonomic and morphological studies have made substantial progress in Simulium systematics. 16S rRNA and ITS-1 DNA sequence studies have assisted this progress. Intensive multi-gene molecular systematic investigations will, however, be required for a comprehensive understanding of the genus' taxonomy and evolution. Our research was conducted to investigate the relationships of Thai Simulium at the subgeneric, species group and species levels. We also examined the possibility of using mitochondrial DNA sequences to facilitate Simulium species identification. Data were collected from three mitochondrial genes (COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA) and two segments of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (the D1 to D2 and the D4 expansion regions). The subgenera Simulium and Gomphostilbia were monophyletic in most analyses. Nevermannia included Montisimulium but was otherwise monophyletic in multigene analyses. In most analyses, Simulium and Nevermannia were more closely related to each other than to Gomphostilbia which was usually basal. Species groups were generally monophyletic. Within Gomphostilbia, however, the batoense species group was always paraphyletic to the other two species groups found in Thailand. Three species groups in Simulium were not monophyletic. The tendency to gill filament number reduction for some species groups in the subgenus Simulium was associated with a derived position in multigene analyses. Most species were monophyletic with two exceptions that probably represent species complexes and will present difficulties for rapid mitochondrial DNA identification. ISSN: 0016-6707 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-010-9437-0 Record 45 of 726 Author(s): Panyarachun, B (Panyarachun, Busaba); Sobhon, P (Sobhon, Prasert); Tinikul, Y (Tinikul, Yotsawan); Chotwiwatthanakun, C (Chotwiwatthanakun, Charoonroj); Anupunpisit, V (Anupunpisit, Vipavee); Anuracpreeda, P (Anuracpreeda, Panat) Title: Paramphistomum cervi: Surface topography of the tegument of adult fluke Source: EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY, 125 (2): 95-99 JUN 2010 Abstract: Adult Paramphistomum cervi or rumen fluke are pear-shaped, slightly concave ventrally and convex dorsally. The worm measures about 5-13 mm in length and 2-5 mm in width across the mid-section. As observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the tegumental surface in all part of the body, appears highly corrugated with transverse folds alternating with grooves and is spineless. At high magnification, the surface of the fold is composed of microfolds or ridges separated by microgrooves or pits. Corrugations and invaginations of the ventral surface are also more extensive than on the dorsal surface of the body. Both anterior and posterior suckers have thick rims covered with transverse folds without spine. The genital pore is situated at the anterior third of the body. There are two types of sensory papillae on the surface: type 1 is bulbous in shape, measuring 10-15 mu m in diameter at the base with nipple-like tips, and type 2 has a similar shape and size and also a short cilia on top. These sensory papillae usually occur in large clusters, each having between 5 and 20 units depending on the region of the body. Clusters of papillae on the ventral surface and around the anterior suckers tend to be more numerous and larger in size. The dorsal surface of the body has the least number of papillae. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-4894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.12.020 Record 46 of 726 Author(s): Pramyothin, P (Pramyothin, Pornpoj); Pithukpakorn, M (Pithukpakorn, Manop); Arakaki, RF (Arakaki, Richard F.) Title: A 47, XXY patient and Xq21.31 duplication with features of Prader-Willi syndrome: results of array-based comparative genomic hybridization Source: ENDOCRINE, 37 (3): 379-382 JUN 2010 Abstract: A man diagnosed with 47, XXY during childhood presents an appearance similar to that of Prader-Willi syndrome with hypogonadism and gynecomastia, developmental delay, and short stature and obesity. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization revealed duplication at Xq21.31 in addition to his abnormal karyotype. This duplication was also found in his mother who appeared normal. We raise the possibility that the phenotype in this patient is a combination of both extra X chromosome and Xq21 duplication. ISSN: 0969-711X DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9330-8 Record 47 of 726 Author(s): Kawami, M (Kawami, Masashi); Yumoto, R (Yumoto, Ryoko); Nagai, J (Nagai, Junya); Junyaprasert, VB (Junyaprasert, Varaporn Buraphacheep); Soonthornchareonnon, N (Soonthornchareonnon, Noppamas); Patanasethanont, D (Patanasethanont, Denpong); Sripanidkulchai, BO (Sripanidkulchai, Bung-orn); Takano, M (Takano, Mikihisa) Title: Effect of Thai Plant Extracts on P-glycoprotein Function and Viability in Paclitaxel-Resistant HepG2 Cells Source: DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS, 25 (2): 155-162 2010 Abstract: The effects of ethanol extracts from Thai plants on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function and cell viability were examined using paclitaxel-resistant HepG2 (PR-HepG2) cells KP018 from Ellipeiopsis cherrevensis and AT80 from Ancistrocladus tectorius increased both rhodamine 123, a typical P-gp substrate, and [H-3]paclitaxel uptake in PR-HepG2 cells However, some extracts such as MT80 from Microcos tomentosa increased rhodamine 123, but not [H-3]paclitaxel, uptake, while MM80 from Micromelum minutum increased only [H-3]paclitaxel uptake Thus, the effects of extracts of Thai plants on rhodamine 123 uptake were not necessarily the same as those on [H-3]paclitaxel uptake Purified compounds such as bergapten did not affect the uptake of either substrate KP018, AT80, and MM80 increased [H-3]paclitaxel uptake and decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner Among these extracts, KP018 showed the most potent cytotoxicity The cytotoxic potency of KP018 on PR-HepG2 cells was similar to that on wild-type HepG2 cells, and was not potentiated by verapamil At concentrations resulting in no cytotoxicity. AT80 and MM80 potentiated paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in PR-HepG2 cells These results indicate that K018 may be a useful source to search for a new anticancer drug, while AT80 and MM80 may be useful as modulators of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells ISSN: 1347-4367 Record 48 of 726 Author(s): Jitrapakdee, S (Jitrapakdee, S.); Wutthisathapornchai, A (Wutthisathapornchai, A.); Wallace, JC (Wallace, J. C.); MacDonald, MJ (MacDonald, M. J.) Title: Regulation of insulin secretion: role of mitochondrial signalling Source: DIABETOLOGIA, 53 (6): 1019-1032 JUN 2010 Abstract: Pancreatic beta cells are specialised endocrine cells that continuously sense the levels of blood sugar and other fuels and, in response, secrete insulin to maintain normal fuel homeostasis. During postprandial periods an elevated level of plasma glucose rapidly stimulates insulin secretion to decrease hepatic glucose output and promote glucose uptake into other tissues, principally muscle and adipose tissues. Beta cell mitochondria play a key role in this process, not only by providing energy in the form of ATP to support insulin secretion, but also by synthesising metabolites (anaplerosis) that can act, both intra- and extramitochondrially, as factors that couple glucose sensing to insulin granule exocytosis. ATP on its own, and possibly modulated by these coupling factors, triggers closure of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, resulting in membrane depolarisation that increases intracellular calcium to cause insulin secretion. The metabolic imbalance caused by chronic hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia severely affects mitochondrial metabolism, leading to the development of impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. It appears that the anaplerotic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase participates directly or indirectly in several metabolic pathways which are important for glucose-induced insulin secretion, including: the pyruvate/malate cycle, the pyruvate/citrate cycle, the pyruvate/isocitrate cycle and glutamate-dehydrogenase-catalysed alpha-ketoglutarate production. These four pathways enable 'shuttling' or 'recycling' of these intermediate(s) into and out of mitochondrion, allowing continuous production of intracellular messenger(s). The purpose of this review is to present an account of recent progress in this area of central importance in the realm of diabetes and obesity research. ISSN: 0012-186X DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1685-0 Record 49 of 726 Author(s): Ditcharoen, N (Ditcharoen, Nadh); Naruedomkul, K (Naruedomkul, Kanlaya); Cercone, N (Cercone, Nick) Title: SignMT: An alternative language learning tool Source: COMPUTERS & EDUCATION, 55 (1): 118-130 AUG 2010 Abstract: Learning a second language is very difficult, especially, for the disabled: the disability may be a barrier to learn and to utilize information written in text form We present the SignMT. Thai sign to Thai machine translation system, which is able to translate from Thai sign language into Thai text In the translation process, SignMT takes into account the differences between Thai and Thai sign language in terms of both syntax and semantic to ensure the accuracy of translation. SignMT was designed to be not only an automatic interpreter but also a language learning tool. It provides meaning of each word in both text and image forms which is easy to understand by the deaf The grammar information and the order of the sentence are presented in order to help the deaf in learning Thai, their second language With SignMT, deaf students are less dependent on a teacher, have more freedom to experiment with their own language, and improve their knowledge and learning skill In our experiment, SignMT was implemented to translate sentences/phrases which were collected from different sources including textbooks, cartoons, bedtime story, and newspapers. SignMT was tested and evaluated in terms of the translation accuracy and user satisfaction The evaluation results show that the translation accuracy is acceptable, and it satisfies the users' needs (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.009 Record 50 of 726 Author(s): Askie, LM (Askie, Lisa M.); Ballard, RA (Ballard, Roberta A.); Cutter, G (Cutter, Gary); Dani, C (Dani, Carlo); Elbourne, D (Elbourne, Diana); Field, D (Field, David); Hascoet, JM (Hascoet, Jean-Michel); Hibbs, AM (Hibbs, Anna Maria); Kinsella, JP (Kinsella, John P.); Mercier, JC (Mercier, Jean-Christophe); Rich, W (Rich, Wade); Schreiber, MD (Schreiber, Michael D.); Srisuparp, P (Srisuparp, Pimol); Subhedar, NV (Subhedar, Nim V.); Van Meurs, KP (Van Meurs, Krisa P.); Voysey, M (Voysey, Merryn); Barrington, K (Barrington, Keith); Ehrenkranz, RA (Ehrenkranz, Richard A.); Finer, N (Finer, Neil) Group Author(s): MAPPiNO Collaboration Title: Inhaled Nitric Oxide in preterm infants: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis Source: BMC PEDIATRICS, 10: Art. No. 15 MAR 23 2010 Abstract: Background: Preterm infants requiring assisted ventilation are at significant risk of both pulmonary and cerebral injury. Inhaled Nitric Oxide, an effective therapy for pulmonary hypertension and hypoxic respiratory failure in the full term infant, has also been studied in preterm infants. The most recent Cochrane review of preterm infants includes 11 studies and 3,370 participants. The results show a statistically significant reduction in the combined outcome of death or chronic lung disease (CLD) in two studies with routine use of iNO in intubated preterm infants. However, uncertainty remains as a larger study (Kinsella 2006) showed no significant benefit for iNO for this combined outcome. Also, trials that included very ill infants do not demonstrate significant benefit. One trial of iNO treatment at a later postnatal age reported a decrease in the incidence of CLD. The aim of this individual patient meta-analysis is to confirm or refute these potentially conflicting results and to determine the extent to which patient or treatment characteristics may explain the results and/or may predict benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide in preterm infants. Methods/Design: The Meta-Analysis of Preterm Patients on inhaled Nitric Oxide (MAPPiNO) Collaboration will perform an individual patient data meta-analysis to answer these important clinical questions. Studies will be included if preterm infants receiving assisted ventilation are randomized to receive inhaled Nitric Oxide or to a control group. The individual patient data provided by the Collaborators will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis where possible. Binary outcomes will be analyzed using log-binomial regression models and continuous outcomes will be analyzed using linear fixed effects models. Adjustments for trial differences will be made by including the trial variable in the model specification. Discussion: Thirteen (13) trials, with a total of 3567 infants are eligible for inclusion in the MAPPiNO systematic review. To date 11 trials (n = 3298, 92% of available patients) have agreed to participate. Funding was successfully granted from Ikaria Inc as an unrestricted grant. A collaborative group was formed in 2006 with data collection commencing in 2007. It is anticipated that data analysis will commence in late 2009 with results being publicly available in 2010. ISSN: 1471-2431 Article Number: 15 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-15 Record 51 of 726 Author(s): Supakdamrongkul, P (Supakdamrongkul, Piyaporn); Bhumiratana, A (Bhumiratana, Amaret); Wiwat, C (Wiwat, Chanpen) Title: Optimization of extracellular lipase production from the biocontrol fungus Nomuraea rileyi Source: BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 20 (6): 595-604 2010 Abstract: Lipases are important cuticle-degrading enzymes that hydrolyze the ester bonds of waxes, fats and lipoproteins during the infection of insects by the fungus Nomuraea rileyi. Lipase production by the N. rileyi strain MJ was optimized by varying environmental and nutritional conditions in culture medium containing different vegetable oils at various concentrations with shaking at 150 rpm for 8 days at 25 degrees C. The maximum lipase production was obtained using castor oil (30.5 +/- 0.6 U mL(-1)), followed in order by coconut oil (20.8 +/- 0.4 U mL(-1)), olive oil (20.8 +/- 0.4 U mL(-1)) and cottonseed oil (20.6 +/- 0.4 U mL(-1)). The highest lipase activity (37.7 +/- 0.4 U mL(-1)) was obtained when castor oil was used at a concentration of 4% (v/v) of basal medium. When the surfactant Tween 80 was added at the fourth day rather than at the beginning of incubation, a maximum lipase activity of 44.9 +/- 3.5 U mL(-1) was obtained. The optimal temperature and pH for lipase production were 25 degrees C and pH 8.0, respectively. This is the first report on lipase production by the biocontrol fungus N. rileyi. ISSN: 0958-3157 DOI: 10.1080/09583151003661177 Record 52 of 726 Author(s): Sereenonchai, K (Sereenonchai, Kamonthip); Teerasong, S (Teerasong, Saowapak); Chan-Eam, S (Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn); Saetear, P (Saetear, Phoonthawee); Choengchan, N (Choengchan, Nathawut); Uraisin, K (Uraisin, Kanchana); Amornthammarong, N (Amornthammarong, Natchanon); Motomizu, S (Motomizu, Shoji); Nacapricha, D (Nacapricha, Duangjai) Title: A low-cost method for determination of calcium carbonate in cement by membraneless vaporization with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection Source: TALANTA, 81 (3): 1040-1044 MAY 15 2010 Abstract: This work presents a flow analysis method for direct quantitation of calcium carbonate in cement without pretreatment of the sample. The method is based on online vaporization of CO2 gas following acidification of the sample inside a small chamber that has a flow of acceptor solution passing around it. Solubilization of the CO2 gas into the acceptor stream changes the conductivity of the acceptor solution causing an increase of signal at the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection ((CD)-D-4) placed at the outlet of the vaporization chamber. This chamber is an adaption from previous work reported on 'membraneless vaporization' (MBL-VP). The method can be used in the quality control of production of mixed cement. These cement materials usually have calcium carbonate contents at high concentration range (e.g., 33-99% (w/w)CaCO3). Analysis of samples by this method is direct and convenient as it requires no sample pretreatment. The method is low-cost with satisfactory accuracy and acceptable precision. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0039-9140 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.01.057 Record 53 of 726 Author(s): Kambutong, S (Kambutong, Supakeat); Kuhakarn, C (Kuhakarn, Chutima); Tuchinda, P (Tuchinda, Patoomratana); Pohmakotr, M (Pohmakotr, Manat) Title: Synthesis of (+)-4-Desoxypentenomycin and Analogues Source: SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART, (9): 1453-1458 MAY 2010 Abstract: A synthesis of (+)-4-desoxypentenomycin is reported here; it involves diastereoselective phenylsulfanylpropylation of an enolate anion derived from methyl (2R,5R,6R)-5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dimethyl[1,4]dioxane-2-carboxylate, obtained from D-mannitol, and is followed by sulfide oxidation, intramolecular acylation of the alpha-sulfinyl carbanion, sulfoxide elimination, and hydrolysis. Straightforward access to substituted analogues of (+)-4-desoxypentenomycin was also demonstrated by means of Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Heck coupling reactions. ISSN: 0039-7881 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1218690 Record 54 of 726 Author(s): Sa-nguanmoo, P (Sa-nguanmoo, Pattaratida); Thawornsuk, N (Thawornsuk, Nutchanart); Rianthavorn, P (Rianthavorn, Pornpimol); Sommanustweechai, A (Sommanustweechai, Angkana); Ratanakorn, P (Ratanakorn, Parntep); Poovorawan, Y (Poovorawan, Yong) Title: High prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus among captive nonhuman primates Source: PRIMATES, 51 (2): 167-170 APR 2010 Abstract: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can infect not only humans but also several other nonhuman primates. This study has been conducted to evaluate the comprehensive anti-HAV seroprevalence in captive nonhuman primate populations in Thailand. The prevalence of antibodies against HAV in 96 captive nonhuman primates of 11 species was evaluated by competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). HAV antibodies were found in 64.7% (11/17) of macaques, 85.7% (6/7) of langurs, 28.4% (10/35) of gibbons, and 94.6% (35/37) of orangutans. However, anti-HAV IgM was not found in any sera. These results indicate that the majority of captive nonhuman primates in Thailand were exposed to HAV. It is possible that some of the animals were infected prior to capture. ISSN: 0032-8332 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-009-0172-z Record 55 of 726 Author(s): Millet, YA (Millet, Yves A.); Danna, CH (Danna, Cristian H.); Clay, NK (Clay, Nicole K.); Songnuan, W (Songnuan, Wisuwat); Simon, MD (Simon, Matthew D.); Werck-Reichhart, D (Werck-Reichhart, Daniele); Ausubel, FM (Ausubel, Frederick M.) Title: Innate Immune Responses Activated in Arabidopsis Roots by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns Source: PLANT CELL, 22 (3): 973-990 MAR 2010 Abstract: Despite the fact that roots are the organs most subject to microbial interactions, very little is known about the response of roots to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). By monitoring transcriptional activation of beta-glucuronidase reporters and MAMP-elicited callose deposition, we show that three MAMPs, the flagellar peptide Flg22, peptidoglycan, and chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for Flg22 and peptidoglycan or in the mature parts of the roots for chitin. Ethylene signaling, the 4-methoxy-indole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but not salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling, play major roles in this MAMP response. We also show that Flg22 induces the cytochrome P450 CYP71A12-dependent exudation of the phytoalexin camalexin by Arabidopsis roots. The phytotoxin coronatine, an Ile-jasmonic acid mimic produced by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, suppresses MAMP-activated responses in the roots. This suppression requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase COI1 as well as the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2 but does not rely on salicylic acid-jasmonic acid antagonism. These experiments demonstrate the presence of highly orchestrated and tissue-specific MAMP responses in roots and potential pathogen-encoded mechanisms to block these MAMP-elicited signaling pathways. ISSN: 1040-4651 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.069658 Record 56 of 726 Author(s): Huguenin, M (Huguenin, Maya); Bracha, R (Bracha, Rivka); Chookajorn, T (Chookajorn, Thanat); Mirelman, D (Mirelman, David) Title: Epigenetic transcriptional gene silencing in Entamoeba histolytica: insight into histone and chromatin modifications Source: PARASITOLOGY, 137 (4): 619-627 APR 2010 Abstract: We have previously discovered a unique mechanism of epigenetic transcriptional gene silencing in the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites of strain HM-1:IMSS that resulted in the persistent downregulation of the amoebapore A (ap-a) gene, and that could be successfully applied to silence other virulence genes (cpA5, lgll). In order to understand how the silencing is maintained throughout generations, we analysed whether modifications occurred at the chromatin level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were done with antibodies specific to the methylated lysine 4 of E. histolytic histone H3. When the genes were in a transcriptionally silent state, the methylation levels of H3K4 in their coding region were significantly reduced. In contrast, the levels of core histone H3 were consistently higher in the silenced genes. Controlled chromatin digestion with micrococcal nuclease was used to assess changes in nucleosome compaction. We found a significant resistance to digestion in the promoter region of the silenced ap-a and cpA5 genes as compared to the parental strain that expresses those genes. Our data lend further support to the idea that histone modifications and heterochromatin formations are at the basis of the transcriptional silencing of genes in E. histolytica. ISSN: 0031-1820 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182009991363 Record 57 of 726 Author(s): Ingsathit, A (Ingsathit, Atiporn); Thakkinstian, A (Thakkinstian, Ammarin); Chaiprasert, A (Chaiprasert, Amnart); Sangthawan, P (Sangthawan, Pornpen); Gojaseni, P (Gojaseni, Pongsathorn); Kiattisunthorn, K (Kiattisunthorn, Kriwiporn); Ongaiyooth, L (Ongaiyooth, Leena); Vanavanan, S (Vanavanan, Somlak); Sirivongs, D (Sirivongs, Dhavee); Thirakhupt, P (Thirakhupt, Prapaipim); Mittal, B (Mittal, Bharati); Singh, AK (Singh, Ajay K.) Group Author(s): Thai-SEEK Grp Title: Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in the Thai adult population: Thai SEEK study Source: NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, 25 (5): 1567-1575 MAY 2010 Abstract: Methods. The population-based Thai Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease (SEEK) study was conducted with cross-sectional stratified-cluster sampling. Serum creatinine was analysed using the modified Jaffe method and then standardized with isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Results. The study included 3,459 subjects were included in the study. The mean age was 45.2 years (SE = 0.8), and 54.5% were female. Six hundred and twenty-six subjects were identified as having CKD, which evidenced an overall CKD prevalence of 17.5% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 14.6-20.4%]. The CKD prevalence of Stages I, II, III and IV were 3.3% (95% CI = 2.5%, 4.1%), 5.6% (95% CI = 4.2%, 7.0%), 7.5% (95% CI = 6.2%, 8.8%) and 1.1% (95% CI = 0.7%, 1.5%), respectively. The prevalence of CKD was higher in Bangkok, the Northern and Northeastern regions than in the Central and Southern regions. Seven factors (i.e. age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricaemia, history of kidney stones and the use of traditional medicines) were associated with CKD. Only 1.9% of the subjects were aware that they had CKD. Conclusions. CKD prevalence in the Thai population is much higher than previously known and published. Early stages of CKD seem to be as common as later stages. However, albuminuria measurement was not confirmed and adjusting for persistent positive rates resulted in the prevalence of 14.4%. Furthermore, the awareness of CKD was quite low in the Thai population. ISSN: 0931-0509 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp669 Record 58 of 726 Author(s): Tangsudjai, S (Tangsudjai, S.); Pudla, M (Pudla, M.); Limposuwan, K (Limposuwan, K.); Woods, DE (Woods, D. E.); Sirisinha, S (Sirisinha, S.); Utaisincharoen, P (Utaisincharoen, P.) Title: Involvement of the MyD88-independent pathway in controlling the intracellular fate of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 Source: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 54 (5): 282-290 MAY 2010 Abstract: Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium which is capable of surviving and multiplying inside macrophages. B. pseudomallei strain SRM117, a LPS mutant which lacks the O-antigenic polysaccharide moiety, is more susceptible to macrophage killing during the early phase of infection than is its parental wild type strain (1026b). In this study, it was shown that the wild type is able to induce expression of genes downstream of the MyD88-dependent (i kappa b zeta, il-6 and tnf-alpha), but not of the MyD88-independent (inos, ifn-beta and irg-1), pathways in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. In contrast, LPS mutant-infected macrophages were able to express genes downstream of both pathways. To elucidate the significance of activation of the MyD88-independent pathway in B. pseudomallei-infected macrophages, the expression of TBK1, an essential protein in the MyD88-independent pathway, was silenced prior to the infection. The results showed that silencing the tbk1 expression interferes with the gene expression profile in LPS mutant-infected macrophages and allows the bacteria to replicate intracellularly, thus suggesting that the MyD88-independent pathway plays an essential role in controlling intracellular survival of the LPS mutant. Moreover, exogenous IFN-gamma upregulated gene expression downstream of the MyD88-independent pathway, and interfered with intracellular survival in both wild type and tbk1-knockdown macrophages infected with either the wild type or the LPS mutant. These results suggest that gene expression downstream of the MyD88-independent pathway is essential in regulating the intracellular fate of B. pseudomallei, and that IFN-gamma regulates gene expression through the TBK1-independent pathway. ISSN: 0385-5600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00205.x Record 59 of 726 Author(s): Thaenkham, U (Thaenkham, Urusa); Nawa, Y (Nawa, Yukifumi) Title: Double Strand Problems: Reverse DNA Sequences Deposited in the DNA Database Source: KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, 48 (1): 89-90 MAR 2010 ISSN: 0023-4001 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.89 Record 60 of 726 Author(s): Traiphol, R (Traiphol, Rakchart); Potai, R (Potai, Ruttayapon); Charoenthai, N (Charoenthai, Nipaphat); Srikhirin, T (Srikhirin, Toemsak); Kerdcharoen, T (Kerdcharoen, Teerakiat); Osotchan, T (Osotchan, Tanakorn) Title: Effects of Chain Conformation and Chain Length on Degree of Aggregation in Assembled Particles of Conjugated Polymer in Solvents-Nonsolvent: A Spectroscopic Study Source: JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS, 48 (8): 894-904 APR 15 2010 Abstract: This article explores photophysical properties and aggregation behaviors of conjugated polymer, poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene](MEH-PPV), in various solvent-nonsolvent systems by utilizing UV/vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The isolated chains of MEH-PPV dispersed in solvents including dichloromethane, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran adopt either extended or collapsed conformations depending on local polymer-solvent interactions. Aggregation of the MEH-PPV in these solvents is induced by addition of a poor solvent, cyclohexane. The formation of aggregates is indicated by the appearance of distinct red-shift peaks in the absorption and PL spectra. The degree of aggregation in each solvent-nonsolvent system is compared by means of absorbance and PL intensity of the aggregate bands. In early stage of the aggregation, the amount of aggregates in system is controlled by the solubility of polymer. When the polymer chains are forced to densely pack within assembled particles by increasing ratio of cyclohexane to 99 v/v %, the conformation of individual chain plays important role. We have found that the extended chains facilitate the aggregation in the assembled particles. Increasing chain length of polymer promotes the aggregation in early stage and densely packed particles. Size distribution of the assembled particles is also found to depend on the choice of solvent. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 894-904, 2010 ISSN: 0887-6266 DOI: 10.1002/polb.21976 Record 61 of 726 Author(s): Chokchaisiri, R (Chokchaisiri, Ratchanaporn); Chaneiam, N (Chaneiam, Nattawara); Svasti, S (Svasti, Saovaros); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat); Vadolas, J (Vadolas, Jim); Suksamran, A (Suksamran, Apichart) Title: Labdane Diterpenes from the Aerial Parts of Curcuma comosa Enhance Fetal Hemoglobin Production in an Erythroid Cell Line Source: JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 73 (4): 724-728 APR 2010 Abstract: Three new labdane diterpenes, curcucomosin A-C (1-3), four known labdane diterpenes, 4-7, and a known diarylheptanoid, 8, were isolated from the aerial parts of Curcuma comosa. The structures of the new diterpenes were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. The fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) induction potency of the isolated compounds was examined using a K562 reporter cell line harboring the enhanced green fluorescene protein (EGFP) gene under the control of a (G)gamma-globin promoter. Compound 6, D, exhibited the highest Hb F induction effect of 1.6-fold at 20 mu M. ISSN: 0163-3864 DOI: 10.1021/np900568k Record 62 of 726 Author(s): Kornsakulkarn, J (Kornsakulkarn, Jittra); Thongpanchang, C (Thongpanchang, Chawanee); Chainoy, R (Chainoy, Rittikorn); Choowong, W (Choowong, Wilunda); Nithithanasilp, S (Nithithanasilp, Sutichai); Thongpanchangtt, T (Thongpanchangtt, Tienthong) Title: Bioactive Metabolites from Cultures of Basidiomycete Favolaschia tonkinensis Source: JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 73 (4): 759-762 APR 2010 Abstract: Two strobilurins, 9-methoxystrobilurin B (1) and 9-methoxystrobilurin G (2), two monochlorinated 2,3-dihydro-1-benzoxepin derivatives, 3 and 4a, and butenolide 5, together with four known compounds, strobilurin B, 9-methoxystrobilurin A, and oudemansins A and B, were isolated from culture BCC 18689 of the fungus Favolaschia tonkinensis. 9-Methoxystrobilurins A, B (1), and G (2) and oudemansins A and B exhibited antimalarial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities, while compounds 3, 4a, and 5 displayed only cytotoxic activity. ISSN: 0163-3864 DOI: 10.1021/np900777r Record 63 of 726 Author(s): Ratanamart, J (Ratanamart, Jarupa); Huggins, CG (Huggins, Christopher G.); Shaw, JAM (Shaw, James A. M.) Title: Transgene expression in mononuclear muscle cells not infiltrating inflammatory cells following intramuscular plasmid gene electrotransfer Source: JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, 12 (4): 377-384 APR 2010 Abstract: Background In situ electroporation-assisted intramuscular plasmid DNA delivery offers high efficiency for therapeutic protein replacement. Expression may be impaired by an immune response against the plasmid or transgenic protein. Expression of the transgene in non-muscle cells may increase the immune response. Gene transfer efficiency and phenotypic identification of intramuscular transgene-expressing mononuclear cells was studied following electroporation-mediated plasmid delivery. Methods Plasmids expressing beta-galactosidase (pVR1012-beta gal) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) (pVR1012-eGFP) were electrotransferred into rat tibialis anterior muscles. Both transfection efficiency and the inflammatory response were determined in pVR1012-beta gal-injected muscles by beta-galactosidase and haematoxylin and eosin staining of muscles 7 days post-plasmid injection. Muscles injected with pVR1012-eGFP were stained for CD3, CD68 and desmin at 24 and 48 h post-injection to determine whether mononuclear cells expressing eGFP were of immune or myogenic origin. Results With electroporation, beta-galactosidase expression was significantly enhanced by up to ten-fold compared to plasmid injection without electroporation. A large area of regenerating muscle fibres and inflammatory cell infiltration was found in electroporated plasmid-injected muscle. No eGFP expression was found in CD3- or CD68-positive cells. Small mononuclear cells expressing eGFP showed negative staining for CD3 and CD68, but all stained positive for desmin. Conclusions In situ electroporation enhanced transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA delivery into muscle. Alongside its advantage for improving gene transfer, electroporation led to an increased inflammatory response and muscle damage. Mononuclear cells in muscle were transfected with plasmid and expressed the transgene. These cells were of myogenic origin with no evidence of transgene expression in infiltrating inflammatory cells. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISSN: 1099-498X DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1448 Record 64 of 726 Author(s): Thanapprapasr, D (Thanapprapasr, Duangmani); Nartthanarung, A (Nartthanarung, Adisak); Likittanasombut, P (Likittanasombut, Puchong); Ayudhya, NIN (Ayudhya, Nathpong Israngura Na); Charakorn, C (Charakorn, Chuenkamon); Udomsubpayakul, U (Udomsubpayakul, Umaporn); Subhadarbandhu, T (Subhadarbandhu, Thanya); Wilailak, S (Wilailak, Sarikapan) Title: Bone Metastasis in Cervical Cancer Patients Over a 10-Year Period Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER, 20 (3): 373-378 APR 2010 Abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer is the major cancer burden in developing countries. Bone is the third most common site of distant metastasis after the lungs and liver. Therefore, the aims of this study were to find the incidence and clinical characteristics of bone metastasis in our hospital. Patients and Methods: Fifty-one cervical cancer patients with bone metastasis during the period from January 1998 to December 2007 were recruited. All patients' medical records were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Among 4620 cervical cancer patients, there were 51 patients (1.1%) who had bone metastases. Ten patients' medical records were not found; thus, 41 patients were available for evaluation. The median age of the patients was 49 years. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB was the most common stage (43.9%). Most patients had squamous cell carcinoma (80.48%) and received radiation therapy alone as their primary treatment (58.53%). The most common presenting symptom was pain (78.04%). Most of the patients had multiple bone lesions and extrapelvic bone metastases. The lumbar spine was the most common site (36.36%). Sixteen patients (39.02%) were treated by palliative radiation therapy. The median overall survival was 23 months. Conclusions: Bone metastases could be found at all stages. Common sites were the bone beyond the radiation field of their primary treatment. It was found at a median of 16 months after cervical cancer diagnosis. Currently, there are many varieties of treatment that result only in palliation. This group of patients has a poor prognosis. ISSN: 1048-891X DOI: 10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181d4a0a1 Record 65 of 726 Author(s): Suthisisang, CC (Suthisisang, Chuthamanee C.); Poolsup, N (Poolsup, Nalinee); Suksomboon, N (Suksomboon, Naeti); Lertpipopmetha, V (Lertpipopmetha, Vorachart); Tepwitukgid, B (Tepwitukgid, Bhakanit) Title: Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Naproxen Sodium in the Acute Treatment of Migraine Source: HEADACHE, 50 (5): 808-818 MAY 2010 Abstract: Objective.- To assess the efficacy and safety of naproxen sodium in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Background.- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including naproxen sodium have been used in treating migraine attack. A number of clinical trials of naproxen sodium in migraine have been reported. However, it remains to be established whether naproxen sodium unequivocally offers clinical benefits taken into account the desired outcomes in acute migraine therapy as recommended by the International Headache Society. Methods.- Clinical trials were identified through electronic searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM review, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2009 and historical searches of relevant articles. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they were (1) double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials that evaluated naproxen sodium tablet in moderate or severe migraine attacks in adult patients, and (2) reporting the efficacy in terms of headache relief, pain-free, relief of migraine-associated symptoms, sustained headache relief, sustained pain-free, or headache recurrence. Data extraction and study quality assessment were performed independently by 2 investigators. Disagreements were resolved by a third investigator. Treatment effects and adverse effects were expressed as risk ratio. A random effects model was used when significant heterogeneity existed, otherwise the fixed effects model was performed. Results.- We identified 16 published randomized controlled trials of naproxen in the treatment of migraine. Four trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Naproxen sodium was more effective than placebo in reducing pain intensity and providing pain-free within 2 hours in adults with moderate or severe migraine attacks. The pooled risk ratios were 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-1.77, P < .00001), and 2.22 (95% CI 1.46-3.37, P = .0002), respectively, for headache relief at 2 hours and pain-free at 2 hours. It was also effective in achieving headache relief at 4 hours, relief of migraine-associated symptoms, sustained headache relief, and sustained pain-free responses. There was no significant difference in headache recurrence rate between naproxen sodium and placebo. The risk of any adverse event was greater with naproxen sodium than with placebo (pooled risk ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.04-1.60, P = .02). The adverse events commonly associated with naproxen sodium were nausea, dizziness, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. Conclusions.- The available evidence suggests that naproxen sodium is more effective but may cause more adverse events than placebo in the acute treatment of moderate to severe migraine. It is effective in reducing headache intensity, rendering pain-free at 2 hours and improving migraine-associated symptoms. However, its effectiveness relative to other active comparators needs to be better defined by appropriate head-to-head clinical trials. ISSN: 0017-8748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01635.x Record 66 of 726 Author(s): Atchaneeyasakul, LO (Atchaneeyasakul, La-ongsri); Uiprasertkul, M (Uiprasertkul, Mongkol); Trinavarat, A (Trinavarat, Adisak) Title: Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Retinoblastoma:An Immunohistochemical Analysis Source: CURRENT EYE RESEARCH, 35 (3): 242-247 MAR 2010 Abstract: Purpose: Increased level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cancers. High expression of COX-2 has been demonstrated in several cancer types including retinoblastoma. However, the in vivo study did not confirm the anti-proliferative effect of COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on a murine transgenic retinoblastoma model. We, therefore, aim to investigate COX-2 expression in paraffin-embedded retinoblastoma specimens in a larger study group. Methods: We reviewed 55 retinoblastoma specimens obtained during 1995 to 2005. Clinical and histopathological data were recorded. Immunohistochemical evaluation of COX-2 expression was performed using a rabbit monoclonal antibody to human cyclooxygenase-2. Results: Forty-four of 55 specimens (80%) showed negative immunoreactivity for COX-2 expression. For the 11 specimens (20%, 95% CI = 11.6-32.4%) with positive COX-2, all immunostainings were less than 50% of tumor area. Demographic data and treatment details were available in 53 specimens. Enucleation was performed as a primary treatment in 43 specimens (81%). Other treatments, mainly systemic chemotherapy, were given prior to enucleation in 10 specimens (19%). There was no statistical difference in COX-2 expression between the specimens identified as primary and secondary enucleation (p = 0.66). Regarding the histopathological findings, there were no significant differences between COX-2 negative and COX-2 positive groups. Conclusions: It appears that COX-2 is not overexpressed in our retinoblastoma specimens, which is different from previous studies. This conflicting data reduces the possibility of introducing Cox-2 inhibitors in the treatment of retinoblastoma. ISSN: 0271-3683 DOI: 10.3109/02713680903477832 Record 67 of 726 Author(s): Witoonsaridsilp, W (Witoonsaridsilp, Wasu); Panyarachun, B (Panyarachun, Busaba); Sarisuta, N (Sarisuta, Narong); Muller-Goymann, CC (Mueller-Goymann, Christel C.) Title: Influence of microenvironment and liposomal formulation on secondary structure and bilayer interaction of lysozyme Source: COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES, 75 (2): 501-509 FEB 1 2010 Abstract: The conformation of peptide and protein drugs in various microenvironments and the interaction with drug carriers such as liposomes are of considerable interest. In this study the influence of microenvironments such as pH, salt concentration, and surface charge on the secondary structure of a model protein, lysozyme, either in solution or entrapped in liposomes with various molar ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC):cholesterol (Chol) was investigated. It was found that entrapment efficiency was more pronounced in negatively charged liposomes than in non-charged liposomes, which was independent of Chol content and pH of hydration medium. The occurrence of aggregation, decrease in zeta potential, and alteration of P-31 NMR chemical shift of negatively charged lysozyme liposomes compared to blank liposomes suggested that the electrostatic interaction plays a major role in protein-lipid binding. Addition of sodium chloride could impair the neutralizing ability of positively charged lysozyme on negatively charged membrane via chloride counterion binding. Neither lysozyme in various buffer solutions with sodium chloride nor that entrapped in liposomes showed any significant change in their secondary structures. However, significant decrease in alpha-helical content of lysozyme in non-charged liposomes at higher pH and salt concentrations was discovered. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. ISSN: 0927-7765 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.027 Record 68 of 726 Author(s): Lenzini, P (Lenzini, P.); Wadelius, M (Wadelius, M.); Kimmel, S (Kimmel, S.); Anderson, JL (Anderson, J. L.); Jorgensen, AL (Jorgensen, A. L.); Pirmohamed, M (Pirmohamed, M.); Caldwell, MD (Caldwell, M. D.); Limdi, N (Limdi, N.); Burmester, JK (Burmester, J. K.); Dowd, MB (Dowd, M. B.); Angchaisuksiri, P (Angchaisuksiri, P.); Bass, AR (Bass, A. R.); Chen, J (Chen, J.); Eriksson, N (Eriksson, N.); Rane, A (Rane, A.); Lindh, JD (Lindh, J. D.); Carlquist, JF (Carlquist, J. F.); Horne, BD (Horne, B. D.); Grice, G (Grice, G.); Milligan, PE (Milligan, P. E.); Eby, C (Eby, C.); Shin, J (Shin, J.); Kim, H (Kim, H.); Kurnik, D (Kurnik, D.); Stein, CM (Stein, C. M.); McMillin, G (McMillin, G.); Pendleton, RC (Pendleton, R. C.); Berg, RL (Berg, R. L.); Deloukas, P (Deloukas, P.); Gage, BF (Gage, B. F.) Title: Integration of Genetic, Clinical, and INR Data to Refine Warfarin Dosing Source: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, 87 (5): 572-578 MAY 2010 Abstract: Well-characterized genes that affect warfarin metabolism (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9) and sensitivity (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1)) explain one-third of the variability in therapeutic dose before the international normalized ratio (INR) is measured. To determine genotypic relevance after INR becomes available, we derived clinical and pharmacogenetic refinement algorithms on the basis of INR values (on day 4 or 5 of therapy), clinical factors, and genotype. After adjusting for INR, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes remained significant predictors (P < 0.001) of warfarin dose. The clinical algorithm had an R-2 of 48% (median absolute error (MAE): 7.0 mg/week) and the pharmacogenetic algorithm had an R-2 of 63% (MAE: 5.5 mg/week) in the derivation set (N = 969). In independent validation sets, the R2 was 26-43% with the clinical algorithm and 42-58% when genotype was added (P = 0.002). After several days of therapy, a pharmacogenetic algorithm estimates the therapeutic warfarin dose more accurately than one using clinical factors and INR response alone. ISSN: 0009-9236 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2010.13 Record 69 of 726 Author(s): Ruchirawat, M (Ruchirawat, M.); Navasumrit, P (Navasumrit, P.); Settachan, D (Settachan, D.) Title: Exposure to benzene in various susceptible populations: Co-exposures to 1,3-butadiene and PAHs and implications for carcinogenic risk Source: CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS, 184 (1-2): 67-76 Sp. Iss. SI MAR 19 2010 Abstract: Exposure to benzene in human populations can occur in various work-related settings in which benzene is used or produced, or from traffic emissions resulting from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel, or from other sources. Two scenarios of benzene exposure were studied in 4 susceptible groups in Thailand. The first scenario is work-related exposures primarily to benzene, with the study subjects consisting of petrochemical laboratory workers and gasoline service station attendants, who are exposed at levels of 78.32 and 360.84 mu g/m(3), respectively. The second scenario is traffic-related exposure and exposure to incense smoke, where co-exposures to other pollutants occurs, with the study groups consisting of school children attending schools in the city center and exposed to traffic emissions, and temple workers exposed to incense smoke. The individual benzene exposure levels were approximately 19.38 mu g/m(3) in city school children and 45.90 mu g/m(3) in temple workers. Co-exposures to 1,3-butadiene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated from the same sources occurred in the second exposure scenario. 8-OHdG, DNA strand breaks and DNA repair capacity were measured as biomarkers of early effects of carcinogenic compound exposure. Petrochemical laboratory workers and gasoline service stations attendants had significantly higher levels of DNA strand breaks and significantly lower DNA repair capacity compared to controls, while gasoline service station attendants also had significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG than controls. City school children had significantly higher levels of PAH-DNA adducts, 8-OHdG, and DNA strand breaks and significantly lower levels of DNA repair capacity compared to rural children. Temple workers also had significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG and DNA strand breaks and significantly lower levels of DNA repair capacity compared to controls. In all of the study groups, the levels of benzene exposure correlated significantly with 8-OHdG levels, DNA strand breaks, and DNA repair capacity. In school children, PAH levels also correlated significantly with 8-OHdG levels, DNA strand breaks and DNA repair capacity. In temple workers, 1.3-butadiene levels correlated significantly with 8-OHdG and DNA strand breaks, but not with DNA repair capacity, while in the school children they did not correlate significantly with 8-OHdG or DNA strand breaks, and correlated marginally significantly with DNA repair capacity (deletions per metaphase). Multivariate regression analysis identified total PAHs concentrations converted to B[a]P equivalents as the only factor significantly affecting 8-OHdG levels, and total PAHs concentrations converted to B[a]P equivalents, as well as 1,3-butadiene concentrations as the factors significantly affecting DNA repair capacity in the school children. PAHs concentration was identified as the factor most significantly affecting DNA strand breaks in temple workers, followed by benzene concentrations, while DNA repair capacity was also significantly influenced by PAHs concentrations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0009-2797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.026 Record 70 of 726 Author(s): Siriussawakul, A (Siriussawakul, Arunotai); Mandee, S (Mandee, Sahatsa); Thonsontia, J (Thonsontia, Jathuporn); Vitayaburananont, P (Vitayaburananont, Piyasak); Areewatana, S (Areewatana, Somsak); Laonarinthawoot, J (Laonarinthawoot, Jaruwan) Title: Obesity, epidural analgesia, and subcostal incision are risk factors for postoperative desaturation Source: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE, 57 (5): 415-422 MAY 2010 Abstract: This study was designed to determine the incidence of oxygen desaturation after upper abdominal surgery during the first 48 hr on general surgical wards and also to identify risk factors for oxygen desaturation. This descriptive study was conducted in 206 patients not expected to receive supplemental oxygen postoperatively who were undergoing upper abdominal surgery in a tertiary care university hospital. Desaturation was classified either as constant, i.e., oxygen saturation < 90% for > three minutes or < 85% once or as episodic, i.e., when oxygen saturation is decreased by a parts per thousand yen 5% below baseline for one to two minutes ten times or more during the night period. Possible risk factors were elderly patients (> 70 yr), obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg.m(-2)), smoking, surgical time > 180 min, postoperative pain control methods, intraoperative blood loss, and site of incision. Of the 206 patients enrolled, 171 were retained for analysis. Desaturation occurred in 65 patients (38%). Forty-eight of these had constant hypoxemia with nadir oxygen saturation values ranging from 71-89%. The remaining 17 patients experienced nocturnal episodic hypoxemia. After multivariate analysis, the three factors that correlated with postoperative desaturation were BMI > 25 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-6.79; P = 0.006), subcostal incision (OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.34-5.38; P = 0.005), and neuraxial opioids (OR 2.44; 95%CI 1.21-4.91; P = 0.013). Oxygen desaturation is common after upper abdominal surgery, and the risk factors are obesity, a subcostal incision, and neuraxial opioid administration. ISSN: 0832-610X DOI: 10.1007/s12630-010-9279-3 Record 71 of 726 Author(s): Sucharitakul, J (Sucharitakul, Jeerus); Wongnate, T (Wongnate, Thanyaporn); Chaiyen, P (Chaiyen, Pimchai) Title: Kinetic Isotope Effects on the Noncovalent Flavin Mutant Protein of Pyranose 2-Oxidase Reveal Insights into the Flavin Reduction Mechanism Source: BIOCHEMISTRY, 49 (17): 3753-3765 MAY 4 2010 Abstract: Pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O) from Trametes multicolor contains a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor covalently linked to the N-3 atom of His167. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of aldopyranoses by molecular oxygen to generate 2-keto-aldoses and H2O2 as products. In this study, the transient kinetics and primary and solvent kinetic isotope effects of the mutant in which His167 has been replaced with Ala (H167A) were investigated, to elucidate the functional role of the 8a-N-3-histidyl FAD linkage and to gain insights into the reaction mechanism of P2O. The results indicate that the covalent linkage is mainly important for a reductive half-reaction in which the FAD cofactor is reduced by D-glucose, while it is not important for an oxidative half-reaction in which oxygen reacts with the reduced FAD to generate H2O2. D-Glucose binds to H167A via multiple binding modes before the formation of the active Michaelis complex, and the rate constant of Flavin reduction decreases similar to 22-fold compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. The reduction of H167A using D-glucose isotopes (2-d-D-glucose, 3-d-D-glucose, and 1,2,3,4,5,6,6-d(7)-D-glucose) as substrates indicates that the primary isotope effect results only from substitution at the C2 position, implying that H167A catalyzes the oxidation of D-glucose regiospecifically at this position. No solvent kinetic isotope effect was detected during the reductive half-reaction of the wild-type or H167A enzyme, implying that the deprotonation of the D-glucose C2-OH group may occur readily upon the binding to P2O and is not synchronized with the cleavage of the D-glucose C2-H bond. The mutation has no drastic effect on the oxidative half-reaction of P2O, as H167A is very similar to the wild-type enzyme with respect to the kinetic constants and the formation of the C4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate. Kinetic mechanisms for both half-reactions of H167A were proposed on the basis of transient kinetic data and were verified by kinetic simulations and steady-state kinetic parameters. ISSN: 0006-2960 DOI: 10.1021/bi100187b Record 72 of 726 Author(s): Kulkeaw, K (Kulkeaw, Kasem); Ishitani, T (Ishitani, Tohru); Kanemaru, T (Kanemaru, Takaaki); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat); Sugiyama, D (Sugiyama, Daisuke) Title: Cold exposure down-regulates zebrafish hematopoiesis Source: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 394 (4): 859-864 APR 16 2010 Abstract: Erythropoiesis is regulated such that a sufficient number of mature erythrocytes is produced. Downregulation of erythropoiesis causes various types of anemia. Although some anemia-related genes have been identified, there are several types of anemic disease for which the molecular mechanisms are yet unclear, suggesting that unidentified genes in addition to the classical cytokine pathways play important roles in anemia. To address this issue, a new animal model for anemia is required. We established a reversible anemic model in zebrafish by keeping fish at 17 degrees C, a low water temperature. In zebrafish kidney marrow, expression of several genes encoding hematopoietic transcription factors (Runx1, scl, c-myb and GATA-2) and particularly erythropoiesis-related factors (klfd, hbaa1, ba1, GATA-1, EPO, and EPOr) was down-regulated, whereas myelopoiesis-related factors (csf1a and csf3) was up-regulated in low temperature conditions. We propose that this zebrafish model is useful to identify novel genes for hematopoiesis, particularly erythropoiesis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0006-291X DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.047 Record 73 of 726 Author(s): Kozono, S (Kozono, Sayaka); Matsuyama, T (Matsuyama, Takashi); Biwasa, KK (Biwasa, Kamal Krishna); Kawahara, K (Kawahara, Ko-ichi); Nakajima, Y (Nakajima, Yumiko); Yoshimoto, T (Yoshimoto, Takehiko); Yonamine, Y (Yonamine, Yutaka); Kadomatsu, H (Kadomatsu, Hideshi); Tancharoen, S (Tancharoen, Salunya); Hashiguchi, T (Hashiguchi, Teruto); Noguchi, K (Noguchi, Kazuyuki); Maruyama, I (Maruyama, Ikuro) Title: Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in periodontal healing Source: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 394 (4): 928-933 APR 16 2010 Abstract: Endocannabinoids including anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are important lipid mediators for immunosuppressive effects and for appropriate homeostasis via their G-protein-coupled cannabinoid (CB) receptors in mammalian organs and tissues, and may be involved in wound healing in some organs. The physiological roles of endocannabinoids in periodontal healing remain unknown. We observed upregulation of the expression of CB1/CB2 receptors localized on fibroblasts and macrophage-like cells in granulation tissue during wound healing in a wound-healing model in rats, as well as an increase in AEA levels in gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal surgery in human patients with periodontitis. In-vitro, the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by AEA was significantly attenuated by AM251 and AM630, which are selective antagonists of CB1 and CB2, respectively. CP55940 (CB1/CB2 agonist) induced phosphorylation of the extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and Akt in HGFs. Wound closure by CP55940 in an in-vitro scratch assay was significantly suppressed by inhibitors of MAP kinase kinase (MEK), p38MAPK, and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). These findings suggest that endocannabinoid system may have an important role in periodontal healing. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0006-291X DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.080 Record 74 of 726 Author(s): Sinsereekul, N (Sinsereekul, Nitat); Wangkam, T (Wangkam, Thidarat); Thamchaipenet, A (Thamchaipenet, Arinthip); Srikhirin, T (Srikhirin, Toemsak); Eurwilaichitr, L (Eurwilaichitr, Lily); Champreda, V (Champreda, Verawat) Title: Recombinant expression of BTA hydrolase in Streptomyces rimosus and catalytic analysis on polyesters by surface plasmon resonance Source: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 86 (6): 1775-1784 MAY 2010 Abstract: A recombinant polyester-degrading hydrolase from Thermobifida sp. BCC23166 targeting on aliphatic-aromatic copolyester (rTfH) was produced in Streptomyces rimosus R7. rTfH was expressed by induction with thiostrepton as a C-terminal His(6) fusion from the native gene sequence under the control of tipA promoter and purified from the culture supernatant to high homogeneity by a single step affinity purification on Ni-Sepharose matrix. The enzyme worked optimally at 50-55A degrees C and showed esterase activity on C3-C16 p-nitrophenyl alkanoates with a specific activity of 76.5 U/mg on p-nitrophenyl palmitate. Study of rTfH catalysis on surface degradation of polyester films using surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the degradation rates were in the order of poly-epsilon-caprolactone > Ecoflex(A (R)) > polyhydroxybutyrate. Efficient hydrolysis of Ecoflex(A (R)) by rTfH was observed in mild alkaline conditions, with the highest activity at pH 8.0 and ionic strength at 250 mM sodium chloride, with the maximal specific activity of 0.79 mg(-1)min(-1)mg(-1) protein. Under the optimal conditions, rTfH showed a remarkable 110-time higher specific activity on Ecoflex(A (R)) in comparison to a lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, while less difference in degradation efficiency of the two enzymes was observed on the aliphatic polyesters, suggesting greater specificities of rTfH to the aliphatic-aromatic copolyester. This study demonstrated the use of streptomycetes as an alternative expression system for production of the multi-polyester-degrading enzyme of actinomycete origin and provided insights on its catalytic properties on surface degradation contributing to further biotechnological application of this enzyme. ISSN: 0175-7598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2465-y Record 75 of 726 Author(s): Jariyaboon, M (Jariyaboon, M.); Davenport, AJ (Davenport, A. J.); Ambat, R (Ambat, R.); Connolly, BJ (Connolly, B. J.); Williams, SW (Williams, S. W.); Price, DA (Price, D. A.) Title: Effect of cryogenic cooling on corrosion of friction stir welded AA7010-T7651 Source: ANTI-CORROSION METHODS AND MATERIALS, 57 (2): 83-89 2010 Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study how cryogenic CO2 cooling during the welding process affects corrosion behaviour of friction stir welding (FSW) AA7010-T7651. Design/methodology/approach - Friction stir welded AA7010-17651 was produced with a rotation speed of 288 rpm and a travel speed of 58 mm/min. The liquid CO2 was sprayed onto the weld centre line immediately after the toolpiece. The microstructures of welds in different regions were observed using Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM). The effect on the corrosion susceptibility was investigated using a gel visualisation test and potentiodynamic polarisation measurements using a micro-electrochemical technique. Findings - The main corrosion region for both FSWs AA7010-T7651 produced with and without cryogenic CO2 cooling is in the HAZ region, which exhibited intergranular attack. Cryogenic cooling does not show any influence on anodic reactivity of the weld region (both nugget and HAZ) compared to uncooled weld metal. However, the width of the reactive HAZ is reduced after cooling, as compared to the uncooled weld. The cooled welds show higher cathodic reactivity in the nugget region than does the nugget region of uncooled welds. Originality/value - There has been no previous work to investigate the effect of cryogenic CO2 cooling on the corrosion behaviour of FSW AA7010-T7651. The paper relates the microstructures of both uncooled and cooled welds to their anodic and cathodic reactivities using a micro-electrochemical technique. ISSN: 0003-5599 DOI: 10.1108/00035591011028050 Record 76 of 726 Author(s): Boontanom, P (Boontanom, Parima); Siripattanapipong, S (Siripattanapipong, Suradej); Mungthin, M (Mungthin, Mathirut); Tan-Ariya, P (Tan-ariya, Peerapan); Leelayoova, S (Leelayoova, Saovanee) Title: IMPROVED SENSITIVITY OF PCR AMPLIFICATION OF GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE GENE FOR DETECTION AND GENOTYPING OF GIARDIA DUODENALIS IN STOOL SPECIMEN Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 280-284 MAR 2010 Abstract: A modified set of primers was developed to increase the sensitivity of nested PCR amplification of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene to detect and genotype Giardia duodenal's cysts in stool specimens. This modified set of primers had a significantly higher sensitivity (82%) than that of a previously published PCR primer set (53%). ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 77 of 726 Author(s): Riyong, D (Riyong, Doungrat); Waikagul, J (Waikagul, Jitra); Panasoponkul, C (Panasoponkul, Chotechuang); Choochote, W (Choochote, Wej); Ito, A (Ito, Akira); Dekumyoy, P (Dekumyoy, Paron) Title: SIZE AND CHARGE ANTIGENS OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS ADULT WORM FOR IGG-ELISA DIAGNOSIS OF BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 285-297 MAR 2010 Abstract: We used DirofilariA mimitis adult worm antigens to develop an IgG-ELISA, then used this to evaluate 30 serum samples of patients with proven Wuchereria bancrofti infection, 131 samples of patients with other parasitic diseases and 30 serum samples of healthy controls The D mimitis antigen was prepared using two methods Sephacryl S-200 chromatography and iso-electric focusing with a Rotofor cell. This was done to determine the best method for diagnosing W bancroft filariasis. Before fractionation, crude male D. mimitis antigen yielded 100% sensitivity and 60 8% specificity and crude female antigen yielded 80% sensitivity and 52.8% specificity respectively, to detect W bancrofti infection After gel filtration chromatography, the male D mimitis antigen, called MP1, yielded 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity and female D. mimitis antigen, called FmP1, gave 100% sensitivity and 59.6% specificity to detect W bancroft, infection Using iso-electric-focusing, both male and female crude a mimitis antigens (Iso-MF and Iso-FmF, respectively) were separated mechanically into 20 iso-fractions (F1-F20) each. By preliminary screening with ELISA, using pooled positive and negative sera, Iso-MF10, 75, and Iso-FmF14, pH 7.6, were selected. Iso-MF10 gave 100% sensitivity and 96 9% specificity, and Iso-FmE14 gave 100% sensitivity and 64% specificity. In the study Og4C3-ELISA, for the detection of circulating filarial antigen, was also used to analyze these serum samples, it gave 87.6% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity to detect W bancrofti infection. Male D immitis antigens, MP1 and Iso-MF10, gave high sensitivity and specificity and appear to be the best choices for use in an ELISA to diagnose bancroftian ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 78 of 726 Author(s): Changbunjong, T (Changbunjong, Tanasak); Wongwit, W (Wongwit, Waranya); Leemingsawat, S (Leemingsawat, Somjai); Tongtokit, Y (Tongtokit, Yuwadee); Deesm, V (Deesm, Vanida) Title: EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF SOLANUM XANTHOCARPUM AGAINST SNAILS AND MOSQUITO LARVAE Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 320-325 MAR 2010 Abstract: The ethanolic crude extract from Solanum xanthocarpum was investigated for its molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, the snail vector of Schistosoma mansoni, and Indoplanorbis exustus, the snail vector of intestinal echinostomiasis and Schistosoma spindale, together with the larvicidal activity against the larvae of Aedes aegypti, mosquito vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever and Culex quinquefasciatus, the mosquito vector of urban bancroftian filariasis. The bioassays were carried out following the methods recommended by the World Health Organization. For molluscicidal activity, the LC50 against Bi glabrata and exustus were reported at 163 85 and 198.00 mg/l while the LC90 were 219.33 and 236 80 mg/l, respectively. Regarding mosquito larvicidal activity, the LC50 against the larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx quinquefasciatus were 788.10 and 573.20 mg/l, while the LC90 were 1,288.91 and 1,066.93 mg/l, respectively. These results suggest a preparation of ingredients from this plant may be used as a biological larvicide for these vectors in the field. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 79 of 726 Author(s): Chuansumrit, A (Chuansumrit, Ampaiwan); Puripokai, C (Puripokai, Chartchai); Butthep, P (Butthep, Punnee); Wongtiraporn, W (Wongtiraporn, Wanida); Sasanakul, W (Sasanakul, Werasak); Tangnararatchakit, K (Tangnararatchakit, Kanchana); Chunhakan, S (Chunhakan, Sirichan); Yoksan, S (Yoksan, Sutee) Title: LABORATORY PREDICTORS OF DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME DURING THE FEBRILE STAGE Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 326-332 MAR 2010 Abstract: The clinical manifestations of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) consist of three successive stages febrile, toxic and convalescent. The toxic stage is the critical period, which may manifest as circulatory disturbance or even profound shock in some patients. We attempted to determine predictors for the risk of dengue shock syndrome (DSS) during the febrile stage. One hundred one children with acute febrile illness were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 11 years old The diagnosis included dengue fever (DF) 21 cases, DHF grade I 30 cases, DHF grade II 33 cases, DHF grades III and IV 10 cases; children with other febrile illnesses (OFI) 7 cases were used as controls. Complete blood counts, coagulation tests, von Willebrand factor antigens (VWF:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:Rcof) were determined daily during hospitalization and 2-4 weeks after discharge from the hospital. The results revealed any one of the following abnormal laboratory findings during the febrile stage served as a predictor for risk of DSS. increase in hematocrit >25%, a platelet count <40,000/mu l, an activated partial thromboplasin time >44 seconds, a prothrombin time >14 seconds, a thrombin time >16 seconds or a VWF:Ag or VWF.Rcof >210%. The relative risk ranged from 4 8 to 10.9. Simple laboratory investigations with complete blood count, coagulation test or the more sophisticated von Willebrand factor, are helpful in predicting the risk for DSS during the febrile stage. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 80 of 726 Author(s): Kondo, S (Kondo, Sumalee); Trakoolsomboon, S (Trakoolsomboon, Suwanna); Smittipat, N (Smittipat, Nat); Juthayothin, T (Juthayothin, Tada); Palittapongarnpim, P (Palittapongarnpim, Prasit) Title: PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ANALYSIS OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE ISOLATES IN SOUTHERN THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 410-417 MAR 2010 Abstract: Forty isolates of V cholorae O1, O139 and non-O1/non-O139 collected from outbreaks in Songkhla and Phuket Provinces of southern Thailand during 1999-2001 and sporadic cases from different regions of Thailand during 1993-2002 were characterized using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) Digestion of chromosomal DNA of the V cholerae isolates with restriction endonuclease Non, followed by PFGE, generated 10 distinct restriction endonuclease analysis patterns consisting of 8 to 13 bands, ranging in size from 78 to 394 kb. PFGE patterns of O1 Inaba strains from the outbreak in Songkhla were identical (P1) except one isolate (P3) The O1 Inaba outbreak strains from Phuket in the same period belonged to P2 pattern, whereas the O1 Ogawa strain from the outbreak in Phuket isolated in 1999 was of P7 pattern These patterns of O1 Inaba and Ogawa strains were slightly different suggesting that the isolates were epidemiologically related and therefore the outbreaks were likely due to the same V cholerae clone. Isolates of V. cholerae O1 Inaba from sporadic cases in the neighboring area (eg, Pattani Province) in a similar period of time of the outbreak in Songkhla Province had very similar patterns, with only one single band different from those of the outbreak isolates. This indicates that the Inaba strains isolated from Songkhla Province during the 2001 cholera outbreak belonging to P1 pattern had not spread to other regions in 2001 and 2002. On the otherhand, the sporadic isolates collected from other regions of Thailand were quite distinct from the outbreak isolates in Songkhla Province, especially those from Chaiyaphum and Chaing Mai Provinces, which belonged to P5 and P6 pattern, respectively Isolates of V cholerae O139 and non-O1/non-O139 gave different patterns from that of V cholerae O1. This study shows that the PFGE technique is markedly advantageous in distinguishing strains of V cholerae isolates leading to insightful detailed charateristics of these isolates in Thailand ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 81 of 726 Author(s): Upadhyay, BP (Upadhyay, Bishnu Prasad); Utrarachkij, F (Utrarachkij, Fuangfa); Thongshoob, J (Thongshoob, Jarinee); Mahakunkijcharoen, Y (Mahakunkijcharoen, Yuvadee); Wongchinda, N (Wongchinda, Niracha); Suthienkul, O (Suthienkul, Orasa); Khusmith, S (Khusmith, Srisin) Title: DETECTION OF SALMONELLA INVA GENE IN SHRIMP ENRICHMENT CULTURE BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 426-435 MAR 2010 Abstract: Contamination of seafood with salmonellae is a major public health concern. Detection of Salmonella by standard culture methods is time consuming. In this study, an enrichment culture step prior to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect 284 bp fragment of Salmonella mvA in comparison with the conventional culture method in 100 shrimp samples collected from four different shrimp farms and fresh food markets around Bangkok Samples were pre-enriched in non-selective lactose broth (LB) and selective tetrathionate broth (TTB). PCR detection limit was 10 pg and 10(4) cfu/ml of viable salmonellae with 100% specificity. PCR assay detected 19 different Salmonella serovars belonging to 8 serogroups (B, C1, C2-C3, D1, E1, E4 and K) commonly found in clinical and environmental samples in Thailand. The detection rate of PCR following TTB enrichment (24%) was higher than conventional culture method (19%). PCR following TTB, but not in LB enrichment allowed salmonella detection with 84% sensitivity, 90% specificity and 89% accuracy. Shrimp samples collected from fresh food markets had higher levels of contaminated salmonellae than those from shrimp farms. The results indicated that incorporation of an enrichment step prior to PCR has the potential to be applied for detection of naturally contaminated salmonellae in food, environment and clinical samples. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 82 of 726 Author(s): Soontrapa, P (Soontrapa, Pannathat); Larbcharoensub, N (Larbcharoensub, Noppadol); Luxameechanporn, T (Luxameechanporn, Thongchai); Cheewaruangroj, W (Cheewaruangroj, Wichit); Prakunhungsit, S (Prakunhungsit, Supawadee); Sathapatayavong, B (Sathapatayavong, Boonmee); Chongtrakool, P (Chongtrakool, Piriyaporn); Leopairut, J (Leopairut, Juvady) Title: FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES AT RAMATHIBODI HOSPITAL Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 442-449 MAR 2010 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the clinicopathologic findings of invasive and non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis and to compare the features of the two diseases. The medical records of patients with invasive and non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis at Ramathibodi Hospital between July 1999 and June 2009 were analyzed. The criterion for the diagnosis of fungal rhinosinusitis was the evidence of fungal elements from histopathologic section on sinonasal specimens The age, gender, clinical manifestations, duration of symptoms, associated diseases, laboratory data, results of mycolic culture and treatment outcomes were analyzed. The relationship between fungal rhinosinusitis and patient characteristics as well as clinical presentations were assessed The fungus-attributable mortality rate was determined The study included 43 cases of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis and 68 cases of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis There were 44 male, and 67 female patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 54 6 years (range. 5 to 86 years). A total of 70 (63.1%) were attributed to aspergillosis, 8 (7.2%) to candidiasis, 6 (5.4%) to zygomycosis, 4 (3 6%) to phaeohyphomycosis, 1 (0.9%) to pseudallescheriasis, 1 (0 9%) to entomophthoromycosis and 21 (18 9%) to nonspecific fungi Cultures from sinonasal tissues were positive for fungus in 37 of 87 cases (42.5%). The clinical presentations of fungal rhinosinusitis included nasal stuffiness (27 9%), nasal discharge (27 9%), facial pain (27.9%), fever (24 3%) and headache (19.8%) One-fifth of cases had an underlying hematologic malignancy Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis was significantly associated with hematologic malignancy and neutropenia Fungus-attributable mortality rate was 44 2% in invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Early antifungal therapy and surgical drainage were associated with a survival advantage. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 83 of 726 Author(s): Thani, W (Thani, Wasina); Vallisuta, O (Vallisuta, Omboon); Siripong, P (Siripong, Pongpan); Ruangwises, N (Ruangwises, Nongluck) Title: ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE AND ANTIOXIDATTVE ACTIVITIES OF THAI NONI/YOR (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA LINN.) LEAF EXTRACT Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (2): 482-489 MAR 2010 Abstract: In this study the leaves of the Thai noni/Yor, (Morinda citrifolia Linn) were extracted by several methods and evaluated against human cancer cell lines KB (human epidermoid carcinoma), He La (human cervical carcinoma), MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma) and IIepG(2) (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines as well as a Vero (African green monkey kidney) cell line, employing the MTT colorimetric method, comparing it to damnacanthal, rutin, and scopoletin The dichloromethane extract of the fresh leaf showed a better inhibitory effect against KB and He La cells with 1050 values of 21.67 and 68.50 mu g/ml, respectively. The dichloromethane extract of dried leaves revealed cytotoxicity against the KB cell line with an IC50 value of 39 00 mu g/ml. Other extracts, as well as rutin and scopoletin, showed reduced anti-proliferative effects on all cancer cell lines (IC50 103 to over 600 mu g/ml). Interestingly, the damnacanthal had potent cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines and Vero cell lines. These results suggest Thai noni extracts may be safer than the pure compounds, due to their higher safety ratios, which is a good indicator for possible cancer treatment. Several non-aqueous extracts from the leaves showed antioxidant properties, giving IC50 values of 0 20-0.35 mg/ml; It can be concluded the leaves of M citrifolia may have benefit as a food supplement for chemoprevention against epidermoid and cervical cancers ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 84 of 726 Author(s): Techasaensiri, C (Techasaensiri, Chonnamet); Messina, AF (Messina, Allison F.); Katz, K (Katz, Kathy); Ahmad, N (Ahmad, Naveed); Huang, R (Huang, Rong); McCracken, GH (McCracken, George H., Jr.) Title: Epidemiology and Evolution of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Multidrug Resistant Serotypes of 19A in the 8 Years After Implementation of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunization in Dallas, Texas Source: PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL, 29 (4): 294-300 APR 2010 Abstract: Background: The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has significantly reduced vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children. An increasing percentage of IPD cases are now caused by nonvaccine serotypes. The purpose of our observational study was to define the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease in Dallas, TX children for 8 years after implementation of PCV7 immunization. Methods: Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from normally sterile sites were collected at Children's Medical Center of Dallas from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2008. Incidence of IPD was calculated using inpatient and emergency center admissions to Children's Medical Center of Dallas as the denominator. Isolates were serotyped and penicillin and cefotaxime susceptibilities were determined. Serotype 19A isolates were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing. Results: Compared with the prevaccine period of 1999-2000, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of IPD from 2002 to 2008 ( P < 0.05), although a significant increase in IPD incidence was observed from 2006 to 2008 (P = 0.038). The number of IPD cases caused by serotype 19A increased from 1999 to 2008 (P < 0.001). There were significant increases in penicillin and cefotaxime nonsusceptibile 19A isolates during this 10-year period (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). The most common sequence type (ST) of the 19A isolates was ST-199 (42.7%). Clonal complex (cc-156) and cc-320 emerged in the period of 2005-2008 as penicillin and cefotaxime resistant 19A strains. Conclusions: In Dallas, PCV7 immunization reduced significantly the incidence of IPD caused by vaccine-type strains. A significant increase in IPD caused by serotype 19A was observed. The penicillin and cefotaxime nonsusceptible STs, not previously identified in Dallas, have recently become an important cause of IPD. ISSN: 0891-3668 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181c2a229 Record 85 of 726 Author(s): Rattarasarn, C (Rattarasarn, Chatchalit); Leelawattana, R (Leelawattana, Rattana); Soonthornpun, S (Soonthornpun, Supamai) Title: Contribution of skeletal muscle mass on sex differences in 2-hour plasma glucose levels after oral glucose load in Thai subjects with normal glucose tolerance Source: METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, 59 (2): 172-176 FEB 2010 Abstract: Women have higher 2-hour plasma glucose levels after oral glucose challenge than men The smaller skeletal muscle mass in women may contribute to the higher postload glucose levels The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the different amount of skeletal muscle mass between men and women contributed to sex difference in postload plasma glucose levels in subjects with normal glucose tolerance Forty-seven Thai subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 23 women and 24 age- and body mass index-matched men, were studied Body fat, abdominal fat, and appendages lean mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry Skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp First-phase insulin secretion and hepatic insulin sensitivity were determined from oral glucose tolerance data beta-Cell function was estimated from the homeostasis model assessment of %B by the homeostasis model assessment 2 model Correlation and linear regression analysis were performed to identify factors contributing to variances of postload 2-hour plasma glucose levels This study showed that women had significantly higher 2-hour plasma glucose levels and smaller skeletal muscle mass than men. Measures of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were not different between men and women. Male sex (r = -0.360, P = 013) and appendages lean mass (r = -0.411, P = 004) were negatively correlated with 2-hour plasma glucose, whereas log 2-hour insulin (r = 0571, P < 0001), total body fat (r = 0348, P = 016), and log abdominal fat (r = 0298, P = 042) were positively correlated with 2-hour plasma glucose The correlation of 2-hour plasma glucose and sex disappeared after adjustment for appendages lean mass By multivariate linear regression analysis, log 2-hour insulin (beta = 18 9, P < 0001), log 30-minute insulin (beta = -36.3, P = .001), appendages lean mass (beta = -1.0 x 10(-3), P = 018), and hepatic insulin sensitivity index (beta = -17.3, P = -041) explained 54.2% of the variance of 2-hour plasma glucose In conclusion, the higher postload 2-hour plasma glucose levels in women was not sex specific but was in part a result of the smaller skeletal muscle mass The early insulin secretion, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle mass were the significant factors negatively predicting 2-hour postload plasma glucose levels in Thai subjects with normal glucose tolerance (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. ISSN: 0026-0495 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.06.029 Record 86 of 726 Author(s): Mahachoklertwattana, P (Mahachoklertwattana, P.); Suthutvoravut, U (Suthutvoravut, U.); Poomthavorn, P (Poomthavorn, P.); Charoenkiatkul, S (Charoenkiatkul, S.); Udomsubpayakul, U (Udomsubpayakul, U.); Rajatanavin, R (Rajatanavin, R.) Title: Sexual Maturation in Thai Boys Source: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, 23 (1-2): 65-71 JAN-FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: A worldwide secular trend towards earlier onset of puberty in girls has been noted during recent years. However, the data on sexual maturation of boys are relatively scarce and normative data of sexual maturation in Thai boys are still lacking. Aim: To determine the age of secondary sexual maturation in normal Thai boys. Methods: Three hundred healthy urban boys aged 9-18 years were recruited during January 1997 to December 1999. Genital and pubic hair maturity staging was determined using the method of Marshall and Tanner. Testicular size was assessed by Prader orchidometer. Probit analysis was used to analyze the onset of puberty (gonadarchc) and pubarche. Results: Median (range) ages of the onset of puberty and pubarche were 10.8 (9.5-12) and 12.4 (10.9-13.9) years, respectively. Conclusion: The age of onset of genital development in boys living in Bangkok seems to be slightly earlier than that of boys in other countries. However, the onset of pubic hair development is comparable. ISSN: 0334-018X Record 87 of 726 Author(s): Sutherland, CJ (Sutherland, Colin J.); Tanomsing, N (Tanomsing, Naowarat); Nolder, D (Nolder, Debbie); Oguike, M (Oguike, Mary); Jennison, C (Jennison, Charlie); Pukrittayakamee, S (Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon); Dolecek, C (Dolecek, Christiane); Tran, TH (Tran Tinh Hien); do Rosario, VE (do Rosario, Virgilio E.); Arez, AP (Arez, Ana Paula); Pinto, J (Pinto, Joao); Michon, P (Michon, Pascal); Escalante, AA (Escalante, Ananias A.); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois); Burke, M (Burke, Martina); Lee, R (Lee, Rogan); Blaze, M (Blaze, Marie); Otto, TD (Otto, Thomas Dan); Barnwell, JW (Barnwell, John W.); Pain, A (Pain, Arnab); Williams, J (Williams, John); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Snounou, G (Snounou, Georges); Lockhart, PJ (Lockhart, Peter J.); Chiodini, PL (Chiodini, Peter L.); Imwong, M (Imwong, Mallika); Polley, SD (Polley, Spencer D.) Title: Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 201 (10): 1544-1550 MAY 15 2010 Abstract: Background. Malaria in humans is caused by apicomplexan parasites belonging to 5 species of the genus Plasmodium. Infections with Plasmodium ovale are widely distributed but rarely investigated, and the resulting burden of disease is not known. Dimorphism in defined genes has led to P. ovale parasites being divided into classic and variant types. We hypothesized that these dimorphs represent distinct parasite species. Methods. Multilocus sequence analysis of 6 genetic characters was carried out among 55 isolates from 12 African and 3 Asia-Pacific countries. Results. Each genetic character displayed complete dimorphism and segregated perfectly between the 2 types. Both types were identified in samples from Ghana, Nigeria, Sao Tome, Sierra Leone, and Uganda and have been described previously in Myanmar. Splitting of the 2 lineages is estimated to have occurred between 1.0 and 3.5 million years ago in hominid hosts. Conclusions. We propose that P. ovale comprises 2 nonrecombining species that are sympatric in Africa and Asia. We speculate on possible scenarios that could have led to this speciation. Furthermore, the relatively high frequency of imported cases of symptomatic P. ovale infection in the United Kingdom suggests that the morbidity caused by ovale malaria has been underestimated. ISSN: 0022-1899 DOI: 10.1086/652240 Record 88 of 726 Author(s): Kiertiburanakul, S (Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin); Wiboonchutikul, S (Wiboonchutikul, Surasak); Sukasem, C (Sukasem, Chonlaphat); Chantratita, W (Chantratita, Wasun); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, Somnuek) Title: Using of nevirapine is associated with intermediate and reduced response to etravirine among HIV-infected patients who experienced virologic failure in a resource-limited setting Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY, 47 (4): 330-334 APR 2010 Abstract: Background: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens have been extensively used for treatment of HIV infection in resource-limited settings. Treatment options after failing an initial regimen are limited because of cross-resistance of NNRTIs. Objective: To determine the factors associated with reduced response to etravirine among patients with virological failure. Study design: A retrospective study was conducted. We stratified patients into two groups by the total weighted scores of etravirine-resistance-associated mutations (ETV-RAMs), highest response (score 0-2, N= 123) and intermediate and reduced response (score = 2.5, N= 61). Factors associated with a score of = 2.5 were evaluated. Results: There were 184 patients with mean (SD) age of 42 (9) years old and 60% were males. Of all, 68% used NNRTI in the failing regimen and 51% used stavudine/lamivudine as a backbone. Common ETV-RAMs included Y181C (27%), G190A (17%), and K101E (10%). Higher proportion of K101E, K101P, Y181C, G190S, and M230L were found in patients with a score of = 2.5 (p < 0.05, all). By univariate logistic regression, using protease inhibitor (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.67), nevirapine (OR 10.56, 95% CI 4.04-27.74), and efavirenz (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.01-2.51) in the current regimen were associated with a score of = 2.5. By multiple logistic regression, only using nevirapine was associated with a score of = 2.5 (OR 7.61, 95% CI 2.40-24.06). Conclusions: Using nevirapine in the failing regimen was associated with intermediate and reduced response to ETV. The recommendation of using nevirapine as a preferred NNRTI should be re-considered in resource-limited settings where efavirenz is accessible. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1386-6532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.01.018 Record 89 of 726 Author(s): Nillawong, M (Nillawong, Manuchet); Sombatsompop, N (Sombatsompop, Narongrit); Sirisinha, C (Sirisinha, Chakrit) Title: Viscoelastic Properties of Nitrile Rubber Filled with Lignite Fly Ash Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 116 (6): 3497-3502 JUN 15 2010 Abstract: Nitrile rubber (NBR) compounds containing various loadings of fly ash (FA) were prepared, and their viscoelastic properties and reinforcement mechanism were investigated and compared with those of natural rubber (NR) compounds reported previously. The results obtained exhibit an increase in storage modulus (G') with increasing FA particularly at high FA loading. By contrast, the broadness of linear viscoelastic (LVE) region is found to decrease. With the use of Guth-Cold equation, the positive deviation of experimental values of relative modulus outward the theoretical values is observed at low strain of deformation. However, at high deformation strain, the negative deviation is found. The results imply that the presence of pseudo-network (as formed via FA-FA and FA-NBR interactions) and the ball bearing effect provided by FA having spherical shape are responsible for the reinforcement in FA filled NBR compounds. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 3497-3502, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31879 Record 90 of 726 Author(s): Meng, X (Meng, X.); Tancharoen, S (Tancharoen, S.); Kawahara, KI (Kawahara, K-I.); Nawa, Y (Nawa, Y.); Taniguchi, S (Taniguchi, S.); Hashiguchi, T (Hashiguchi, T.); Maruyama, I (Maruyama, I.) Title: 1,5-ANHYDROGLUCITOL ATTENUATES CYTOKINE RELEASE AND PROTECTS MICE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES FROM INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 23 (1): 105-119 JAN-MAR 2010 Abstract: 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) decreases in diabetic patients and is used as a marker of glycemic control. Type 2 diabetic patients are susceptibile to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which stimulate macrophages to release large quantities of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6. This study examines the effects of 1,5-AG on lung inflammation induced by LPS and consequent systemic inflammation to determine whether the decrease of 1,5-AG concentration induces susceptibility to LPS. Before the challenge with LPS (1 mg/kg in vivo and 500 ng/ml in vitro), we pretreated db/db mice and RAW264.7 cells with 1,5-AG at 38.5 mg/kg and 500 mu g/ml, respectively. The levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-1 beta in the serum and in the cell supernatants were measured. We also measured macrophage recruitment and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pulmonary tissues. We found that 1,5-AG attenuated serum cytokine release and protected db/db mice from LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. In addition, 1,5-AG suppressed cytokine release and iNOS expression by suppressing Akt/NF-kappa B activity in RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that 1,5-AG may be a mediator in, as well as marker for diabetes, and 1,5-AG intake may confer tolerance to LPS in patients with type 2 diabetes. ISSN: 0394-6320 Record 91 of 726 Author(s): Netikul, T (Netikul, Thidarat); Leelaporn, A (Leelaporn, Amornrut); Leelarasmee, A (Leelarasmee, Amorn); Kiratisin, P (Kiratisin, Pattarachai) Title: In vitro activities of fosfomycin and carbapenem combinations against carbapenem non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS, 35 (6): 609-610 JUN 2010 ISSN: 0924-8579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.01.021 Record 92 of 726 Author(s): Kiriwat, O (Kiriwat, Orawan); Petyim, S (Petyim, Somsin) Title: The effects of transdermal contraception on lipid profiles, carbohydrate metabolism and coagulogram in Thai women Source: GYNECOLOGICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, 26 (5): 361-365 MAY 2010 Abstract: Methods. Fifty healthy Thai women were assigned to use contraceptive patches. Blood chemistries test including liver function test, lipid profiles and coagulogram were evaluated at baseline, cycles 3 and 6. Results. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL were significantly increased, whereas LDL was slightly decreased. The ratio of total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL significantly decreased when applying the patch. After discontinued use of contraceptive patch, the women whose blood tests present hypercholesterol during patch use showed a continuous decrease in blood results of total cholesterol level over 3 months. Moreover, mean fasting glucose, SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphate were decreased. No woman suffering from VTE in this study. Conclusions. The use of contraceptive patch does not exert a negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, liver function test and blood coagulogram. However, further studies are required to elucidate the effect of the contraceptive on the patch user in long term. ISSN: 0951-3590 DOI: 10.3109/09513590903511455 Record 93 of 726 Author(s): Wongwattanasathien, O (Wongwattanasathien, O.); Kangsadalampai, K (Kangsadalampai, K.); Tongyonk, L (Tongyonk, L.) Title: Antimutagenicity of some flowers grown in Thailand Source: FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 48 (4): 1045-1051 APR 2010 Abstract: The mutagenicity of dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts of Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Am., Curcuma sessilis Gage, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn., Ixora coccinea Linn., Millingtonia hortensis Linn., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Plumeria obtusa Linn., Punica granatum Linn., Rhinacanthus nasutus ((Linn.) Kurz.) and Syzygium malaccense ((Linn.) Mem& Perry) before and after nitrite treatment was firstly investigated in the Ames test. Their antimutagenicity against the product of the reaction mixture of 1-aminopyrene nitrite model in the absence of metabolic activation on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 was evaluated. The results showed that none of the samples was mutagenic. Most nitrite-treated samples but dichloromethane extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Plumeria obtusa, Syzygium malaccense, methanol extract of Syzygium malaccense and water extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were mutagenic. The nitrite treated methanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera exhibited the highest mutagenicity on both strains. All dichloromethane extracts of flowers decreased the mutagenicity induced by the product of 1-aminopyrene nitrite model on both tester strains. Methanol extract of Curcuma sessilis and Punica granatum (15 mg/plate) showed the highest antimutagenic activity in TA 98 and TA 100, respectively. The protective effects of these flower extracts might be due to the presence of antimutagenic components that were supposed to be flavonoids. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0278-6915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.018 Record 94 of 726 Author(s): Wongdee, K (Wongdee, Kannikar); Riengrojpitak, S (Riengrojpitak, Suda); Krishnamra, N (Krishnamra, Nateetip); Charoenphandhu, N (Charoenphandhu, Narattaphol) Title: Claudin expression in the bone-lining cells of female rats exposed to long-standing acidemia Source: EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY, 88 (2): 305-310 APR 2010 Abstract: Besides enhancing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) induces mineral efflux across the epithelial-like bone membrane formed by bone-lining cells (inactive osteoblasts), possibly via the paracellular pathway. However, there was a compensatory mechanism that restricted bone loss in the late phase of CMA, and changes in the expression of claudins, which are tight junction proteins known to regulate epithelial barrier function, were therefore anticipated in bone-lining cells. Herein, primary rat osteoblasts were found to express several transcripts of claudins, i.e., claudin-5, -11, -14, -15 and -16. Their protein expressions in bone-lining cells were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in decalcified tibial sections. After exposure to CMA induced by oral administration of 1.5% NH4Cl for 21 days, expression of claudin-14, which normally seals the paracellular space and restricts ion movement, was increased, whereas that of claudin-15 and -16 which form pores for ion transport were decreased. Expressions of claudin-5 and -11 were not changed by CMA. In conclusion, the bone-lining cells of rats exposed to CMA for 21 days upregulated an ion-restrictive claudin (i.e., claudin-14), while downregulating ion-permeable claudins (i.e., claudin-15 and -16). These cellular responses slight be parts of a compensatory mechanism accounting for deceleration of bone loss in late CMA. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-4800 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.12.005 Record 95 of 726 Author(s): Inphonlek, S (Inphonlek, Supharat); Pimpha, N (Pimpha, Nuttaporn); Sunintaboon, P (Sunintaboon, Panya) Title: Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) core/chitosan-mixed-polyethyleneimine shell nanoparticles and their antibacterial property Source: COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES, 77 (2): 219-226 JUN 1 2010 Abstract: The core-shell nanoparticles possessing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core coated with chitosan (CS), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and chitosan-mixed-polyethyleneimine (CS/PEI) shells were synthesized in this work. The emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization triggered by a redox initiating system from t-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and amine groups on CS and/or PEI was used as a synthetic method. In the CS/PEI systems, the amount of CS was kept constant (0.5 g), while the amount of PEI was varied from 0.1 to 0.5 g. The surface and physico-chemical properties of prepared nanoparticles were then examined. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of grafted PMMA on CS and/or PEI, and the weight fraction of incorporated PEI in the CS/PEI nanoparticles. All nanoparticles were spherical in shape with uniform size distribution illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The introduction of PEI to CS nanoparticles yielded the higher monomer conversion, grafting efficiency, and grafting percentage compared with the CS nanoparticles. The size of CS/PEI nanoparticles was smaller than the original CS and PEI nanoparticles, and tended to decrease with increasing amount of PEI introduced. The introduction of PEI also brought the higher colloidal stability to the nanoparticles as indicated by zeta-potential measurement and isoelectric point analysis. The nanoparticles exhibited a promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The nanoparticle-bacteria interaction was studied via SEM. The results suggested that they would be useful as effective antibacterial agents. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0927-7765 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.01.029 Record 96 of 726 Author(s): Katchamart, W (Katchamart, Wanruchada); Trudeau, J (Trudeau, Judith); Phumethum, V (Phumethum, Veerapong); Bombardier, C (Bombardier, Claire) Title: Methotrexate monotherapy versus methotrexate combination therapy with non-biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis Source: COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, (4): Art. No. CD008495 2010 Abstract: Background Methotrexate (MTX) is among the most effective disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with less toxicity and better tolerability. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of MTX monotherapy compared to MTX combination with non-biologic DMARDs in adult with RA. Search strategy Trials were identified in MEDLINE (1950 to 2009), EMBASE (1980 to 2009), the Cochrane Controlled trials Registry (CENTRAL) (up to 2009), the American and European scientific meeting abstracts 2005-9, the reference lists of all relevant studies, letters, and review articles. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials comparing MTX monotherapy versus MTX combined with other non-biologic DMARDs of at least 12 weeks of trial duration in adult RA patients. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers independently identified eligible studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias of relevant studies. The efficacy analysis was stratified into 3 groups based on previous DMARDs use: DMARD naive, MTX inadequate response, and non-MTX DMARDs inadequate response. The toxicity analysis was stratified by DMARD combination and pooled across trials for each combination. Our prespecified primary analysis was based on total withdrawal rates for efficacy or toxicity. Main results A total of 19 trials (2,025 patients) from 6,938 citations were grouped by the type of patients randomised. Trials in DMARD naive patients showed no significant advantage of the MTX combination versus monotherapy; withdrawals for lack of efficacy or toxicity were similar in both groups (risk ratio (RR) 1.16, 95% CI. 0.70 to 1.93, absolute risk difference(ARD) 5%, 95% CI-3% to 13%). Trials in MTX or non-MTX DMARDs inadequate responder patients also showed no difference in withdrawal rates between the MTX combo versus mono groups with RR 0.86 95% CI 0.49 to1.51, ARD -2 %, 95% CI-13 % to 8 % and RR 0.75 95% CI 0.41 to 1.35, ARD 10%, 95% CI -31% to 11%, respectively. Significant reductions of pain and improvement in physical function (measured by Health Assessment Questionnaire or HAQ) were found in the MTX combination group, but only in MTX-inadequate responders (absolute risk difference -9.72%, 95% CI -14.7% to -4.75% for pain and mean difference (MD) -0.28, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.21 (0-3) for HAQ). Authors' conclusions When the balance of efficacy and toxicity is taken into account, the moderate level of evidence from our systematic review showed no statistically significant advantage of the MTX combination versus monotherapy. Trials are needed that compare currently used MTX doses and combination therapies. ISSN: 1469-493X Article Number: CD008495 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008495 Record 97 of 726 Author(s): Wongkongkatep, J (Wongkongkatep, Jirarut); Ladadat, R (Ladadat, Runchuan); Lappermpunsap, W (Lappermpunsap, Woraphoj); Wongkongkatep, P (Wongkongkatep, Pravit); Phinyocheep, P (Phinyocheep, Pranee); Ojida, A (Ojida, Akio); Hamachi, T (Hamachi, Tam) Title: Thermoresponsive Fluorescent Sensor Based on Core/Shell Nanocomposite Composed of Gold Nanoparticles and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Source: CHEMISTRY LETTERS, 39 (3): 184-185 MAR 5 2010 Abstract: We developed a new thermometric fluorescent sensor based on core/shell nanocomposite composed of gold nanoparticles and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), which shows a reversible fluorescence change in response to a temperature change. ISSN: 0366-7022 DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.184 Record 98 of 726 Author(s): Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, C (Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, Chartchalerm); Tantimongcolwat, T (Tantimongcolwat, Tanawut); Galla, HJ (Galla, Hans-Joachim); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong) Title: Fluorescent Protein-Based Optical Biosensor for Copper Ion Quantitation Source: BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH, 134 (3): 352-363 JUN 2010 Abstract: In the present study, spectroscopic determinations of copper ions using chimeric metal-binding green fluorescent protein (His6GFP) as an active indicator have been explored. Supplementation of copper ions to the GFP solution led to a remarkable decrease of fluorescent intensity corresponding to metal concentrations. For circumstances, rapid declining of fluorescence up to 60% was detected in the presence of 500 mu M copper. This is in contrast to those observed in the case of zinc and calcium ions, in which approximately 10-20% of fluorescence was affected. Recovery of its original fluorescence up to 80% was mediated by the addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. More importantly, in the presence of metal ions, the emission wavelength maximum remains unchanged while reduction of the optical density of the absorption spectrum has been observed. This indicates that the chromophore's ground state was possibly affected by the static quenching process. Results from circular dichroism measurements revealed that the overall patterns of circular dichroism spectra after exposure to copper ions were not significantly different from that of the control, where the majority of sharp positive band around 195-196 nm in combination with a broad negative deflection around 215-216 nm was obtained. Taken together, it can be presumed that copper ions exerted their static quenching on the fluorescence rather than structural or conformational alteration. However, notification has to be made that some peptide rearrangements may also occur in the presence of metal ions. Further studies were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using the His6GFP as a sensing unit for copper ions. The His6GFP was encapsulated in Sol-gel and immobilized onto the optical fiber connected with a fluorescence detecting device. The Sol-gel was doped into the metal solution where the quenching of fluorescence could be monitored in real time. The sensing unit provided a high sensitivity of detection in the range of 0.5 mu M to 50 mM with high selectivity for copper ions. All these findings open up a high potential to apply the fluorescent protein-based bioanalytical tool for copper determination in the future. ISSN: 0163-4984 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8476-9 Record 99 of 726 Author(s): Jittawuttipoka, T (Jittawuttipoka, Thichakorn); Sallabhan, R (Sallabhan, Ratiboot); Vattanaviboon, P (Vattanaviboon, Paiboon); Fuangthong, M (Fuangthong, Mayuree); Mongkolsuk, S (Mongkolsuk, Skorn) Title: Mutations of ferric uptake regulator (fur) impair iron homeostasis, growth, oxidative stress survival, and virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Source: ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY, 192 (5): 331-339 MAY 2010 Abstract: Iron is essential in numerous cellular functions. Intracellular iron homeostasis must be maintained for cell survival and protection against iron's toxic effects. Here, we characterize the roles of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) fur, which encodes an iron sensor and a transcriptional regulator that acts in iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and virulence. Herein, we isolated spontaneous Xcc fur mutants that had high intracellular iron concentrations due to constitutively high siderophore levels and increased expression of iron transport genes. These mutants also had reduced aerobic plating efficiency and resistance to peroxide killing. Moreover, one fur mutant was attenuated on a host plant, thus indicating that fur has important roles in the virulence of X. campestris pv. campestris. ISSN: 0302-8933 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0558-8 Record 100 of 726 Author(s): Supasai, T (Supasai, T.); Dangtip, S (Dangtip, S.); Learngarunsri, P (Learngarunsri, P.); Boonyopakorn, N (Boonyopakorn, N.); Wisitsoraat, A (Wisitsoraat, A.); Hodak, SK (Hodak, Satreerat K.) Title: Influence of temperature annealing on optical properties of SrTiO3/BaTiO3 multilayered films on indium tin oxide Source: APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 256 (14): 4462-4467 MAY 1 2010 Abstract: We have prepared SrTiO3/BaTiO3 thin films with multilayered structures deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by a sol-gel deposition and heating at 300-650 degrees C. The optical properties were obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy. The films show a high transmittance (approximately 85%) in the visible region. The optical band gap of the films is tunable in the 3.64-4.19 eV range by varying the annealing temperature. An abrupt decrease towards the bulk band gap value is observed at annealing temperatures above 600 degrees C. The multilayered film annealed at 650 degrees C exhibited the maximum refractive index of 2.09-1.91 in the 450-750 nm wavelength range. The XRD and AFM results indicate that the films annealed above 600 degrees C are substantially more crystalline than the films prepared at lower temperatures which were used to change their optical band gap and complex refractive index to an extent that depended on the annealing temperature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0169-4332 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.072 Record 101 of 726 Author(s): Leimanis, ML (Leimanis, M. L.); Jaidee, A (Jaidee, A.); Sriprawat, K (Sriprawat, K.); Kaewpongsri, S (Kaewpongsri, S.); Suwanarusk, R (Suwanarusk, R.); Barends, M (Barends, M.); Phyo, AP (Phyo, A. P.); Russell, B (Russell, B.); Renia, L (Renia, L.); Nosten, F (Nosten, F.) Title: Plasmodium vivax Susceptibility to Ferroquine Source: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 54 (5): 2228-2230 MAY 2010 Abstract: The novel organometallic chloroquine analog ferroquine (SSR 97193) is effective against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The ex vivo efficacy of ferroquine against Plasmodium vivax isolates was tested. Ferroquine has a potent ex vivo effect on P. vivax schizont maturation (median 50% inhibitory concentration, 15 nM; n = 42). No significant cross-sensitivity between ferroquine and other antimalarials was detected. This drug may be a suitable replacement for chloroquine in the treatment of drug-resistant P. vivax malaria. ISSN: 0066-4804 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01572-09 Record 102 of 726 Author(s): Wongprasit, P (Wongprasit, Pawinee); Manosuthi, W (Manosuthi, Weerawat); Kiertiburanakul, S (Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, Somnuek) Title: Hepatitis B Virus Drug Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Taking Lamivudine-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy Source: AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS, 24 (4): 205-209 APR 2010 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-1-infected patients receiving lamivudine-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus drug resistance (HBV-DR). HBV DNA and HBV genotypic resistance test were performed. Patients were categorized into two groups: with and without HBV-DR. There were 84 patients with a mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of 42.2 (10.2) years and 77% were males. Median (range) duration of ART and lamivudine use was 46 (3-177) and 40 (3-140) months, respectively. Median (range) CD4 cell count was 352 (49-790) cells/mm(3). Of all, 19 (23%) had HBV-DR with a median (range) HBV DNA of 2.56 x 10(7) (2.54 x 10(3)-11 x 10(7)) IU/mL. In univariate analysis, there were no differences in age, gender, ART regimen, liver function test, anti-HBc antibody, anti-HCV antibody between the two groups. Patients with HBV-DR had a higher proportion of positive HBeAg (68.4% versus 3.8%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, positive HBeAg (odds ratio [OR) 16.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.31-83.60] and duration of lamivudine use [per 6-month increment, OR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.36] were significant risk factors for HBV-DR. All 19 patients with HBV-DR had lamivudine resistance with the mutations as follows: M204V/I (95%), L180M/A181T (95%), L80V/I (47%), V173L (32%), and N236T (21%). Of these, 95%, 84%, 84%, and 0% of patients had HBV-DR to telbivudine, entecavir, adefovir, and tenofovir, respectively. HBV-DR is common in HBV/HIV-1 coinfected patients receiving lamivudine-containing ART without tenofovir. Positive HBeAg and longer duration of lamivudine use are risk factors for HBV-DR. In addition to lamivudine resistance, cross-resistance to other anti-HBV drugs is also frequently observed. ISSN: 1087-2914 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2009.0322 Record 103 of 726 Author(s): Thanasai, J (Thanasai, Jongkonnee); Limpaiboon, T (Limpaiboon, Temduang); Jearanaikoon, P (Jearanaikoon, Patcharee); Sripa, B (Sripa, Banchob); Pairojkul, C (Pairojkul, Chawalit); Tantimavanich, S (Tantimavanich, Srisurang); Miwa, M (Miwa, Masanao) Title: Effects of thymidine phosphorylase on tumor aggressiveness and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma Source: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, 16 (13): 1631-1638 APR 7 2010 Abstract: AIM: To evaluate the role of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in cholangiocarcinoma using small interfering RNA (siRNA). METHODS: A human cholangiocarcinoma-derived cell line KKU-M139, which has a naturally high level of endogenous TP, had TP expression transiently knocked down using siRNA. Cell growth, migration, in vitro angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were assayed in TP knockdown and wild-type cell lines. RESULTS: TP mRNA and protein expression were decreased by 87.1% +/- 0.49% and 72.5% +/- 3.2%, respectively, compared with control cells. Inhibition of TP significantly decreased migration of KKU-M139, and suppressed migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. siRNA also reduced the ability of TP to resist hypoxia-induced apoptosis, while suppression of TP reduced the sensitivity of KKU-M139 to 5-fluorouracil. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of TP may be beneficial in decreasing angiogenesis-dependent growth and migration of cholangiocarcinoma but may diminish the response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. (C) 2010 Baishideng. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1007-9327 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i13.1631 Record 104 of 726 Author(s): Pongsthorn, C (Pongsthorn, Chanplakorn); Ozawa, H (Ozawa, Hiroshi); Aizawa, T (Aizawa, Toshimi); Kusakabe, T (Kusakabe, Takashi); Nakamura, T (Nakamura, Takeshi); Itoi, E (Itoi, Eiji) Title: Giant sacral schwannoma: A report of six cases Source: UPSALA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 115 (2): 146-152 MAY 2010 Abstract: Sacral and presacral schwannomas are often found incidentally, because they present with vague symptoms or symptomless. Schwannoma occurring in this area occasionally presents with enormous dimensions, known as a giant schwannoma. The tumor removal is a surgical challenge due to the difficult approach and abundant vascularity. The aim of this study is to review cases of giant sacral schwannomas focusing the surgical management and outcome. Six patients with sacral and presacral schwannoma were treated surgically. The patients included two males and four females, and the mean age was 47.8 years. All patients experienced pain at the time of presentation. The tumors were classified as intraosseous type in one case, dumb-bell type in four cases, and retroperitoneal type in one case. The tumors were removed with a piecemeal subtotal excision in three patients, a partial excision in two patients, and enucleation in one patient. The surgeries were performed by the combination of an anterior and posterior approach in three patients, a posterior approach in two patients, and an anterior approach in one patient. The mean surgical time was 7.8 hrs, and the mean blood loss was 2572 g. The tumor recurred in one patient after the partial excision and was removed completely in a second surgery. No patient, including the patient who underwent the second surgery, presented with pain and obvious neurological deficit at the final follow-up. The surgical treatment of the giant sacral schwannoma with a piecemeal subtotal excision can achieve a good outcome, avoiding unnecessary neurological deficit. ISSN: 0300-9734 DOI: 10.3109/03009730903359674 Record 105 of 726 Author(s): Watcharananan, SP (Watcharananan, S. P.); Suwatanapongched, T (Suwatanapongched, T.); Wacharawanichkul, P (Wacharawanichkul, P.); Chantratitaya, W (Chantratitaya, W.); Mavichak, V (Mavichak, V.); Mossad, SB (Mossad, S. B.) Title: Influenza A/H1N1 2009 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: characteristics and outcomes following high-dose oseltamivir exposure Source: TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE, 12 (2): 127-131 APR 2010 Abstract: P>We report 2 cases of severe pneumonia due to the novel pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 in kidney transplant recipients. Our patients initially experienced influenza-like illness that rapidly progressed to severe pneumonia within 48 h. The patients became hypoxic and required non-invasive ventilation. The novel influenza A/H1N1 2009 was identified from their nasal swabs. These cases were treated successfully with a relatively high dose of oseltamivir, adjusted for their renal function. Clinical improvement was documented only after a week of antiviral therapy. Despite early antiviral treatment, we showed that morbidity following novel pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection is high among kidney transplant recipients. ISSN: 1398-2273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2010.00493.x Record 106 of 726 Author(s): Panchan, W (Panchan, Waraporn); Chiampanichayakul, S (Chiampanichayakul, Supanimit); Snyder, DL (Snyder, Deanna L.); Yodbuntung, S (Yodbuntung, Siriporn); Pohmakotr, M (Pohmakotr, Manat); Reutrakul, V (Reutrakul, Vichai); Jaipetch, T (Jaipetch, Thaworn); Kuhakarn, C (Kuhakarn, Chutima) Title: Facile oxidative hydrolysis of acetals to esters using hypervalent iodine(III)/LiBr combination in water Source: TETRAHEDRON, 66 (14): 2732-2735 APR 3 2010 Abstract: The combination of (diacetoxy)iodobenzene (Phl(OAc)(2), DIB) and lithium bromide (LiBr) efficiently oxidized cyclic and acyclic acetals to the corresponding hydroxyalkyl carboxylic esters and simple esters in good to excellent yields The merits of this reaction are that it employs commercially available and non-explosive hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, water as the solvent, a short reaction tune, and mild reaction conditions (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved ISSN: 0040-4020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.098 Record 107 of 726 Author(s): Ruamsup, S (Ruamsup, S.); Wiratkapun, C (Wiratkapun, C.); Wibulpolprasert, B (Wibulpolprasert, B.); Lertsithichai, P (Lertsithichai, P.) Title: A comparison between short-interval and regular-interval follow-up for BI-RADS category 3 lesions Source: SINGAPORE MEDICAL JOURNAL, 51 (2): 120-125 FEB 2010 Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the short-interval and regular-interval follow-up in women with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 screen imaging studies. The image stability, rate of image-detected breast cancer and stage of cancer are studied. Methods : Women who had BI-RADS 3 screen imaging studies (mammography and ultrasonography) conducted between the period January 2003 and December 2005 were retrospectively identified using the computerised database at the Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand. Women who had known breast cancer status at two years after screening were included in the study and divided into two groups: short-interval (six months after screening) or regular-interval (one year after screening) follow-up. The two groups were compared in terms of the baseline clinico-radiologic characteristics and outcomes, including the image stability, image-detected breast cancer and the cancer stage at detection. Results: A total of 10,086 women underwent screen imaging studies within the study period. Of these, 1,541 (15 percent) were categorised as BI-RADS 3. Only 1,036 women (67 percent) had follow-up images done six to 12 months after screening, and 846 (82 percent of 1,036 women) also had known cancer status two years after the screening. Breast cancer was noted in seven women (a positive predictive value of 0.7 percent). There were no significant differences between the two groups of women in terms of their baseline characteristics, image stability at the initial follow-up, the rate of image-detected breast cancer and the stage of cancer at detection. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of short-interval versus regular-interval follow-up in women with BI-RADS 3 screen imaging studies. ISSN: 0037-5675 Record 108 of 726 Author(s): Allen, MA (Allen, Michael A.) Title: On the current obsession with publication statistics Source: SCIENCEASIA, 36 (1): 1-5 MAR 2010 Abstract: Crude publication statistics such as publication counts and impact factors are routinely being employed to assess individuals and institutions. Although they can play a role in an approximate preliminary assessment, using them for anything more is inappropriate due to their over-simplicity and ease of manipulation. Furthermore, it is argued that rewarding scientists for achieving high scores in such number-based evaluations ultimately leads to a slowing of scientific progress. Suggestions are given on how reliance on statistics can be reduced and their manipulation discouraged. ISSN: 1513-1874 DOI: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2010.36.001 Record 109 of 726 Author(s): Jintaridth, P (Jintaridth, Pornrutsami); Mutirangura, A (Mutirangura, Apiwat) Title: Distinctive patterns of age-dependent hypomethylation in interspersed repetitive sequences Source: PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS, 41 (2): 194-200 APR 2010 Abstract: Jintaridth P, Mutirangura A. Distinctive patterns of age-dependent hypomethylation in interspersed repetitive sequences. Physiol Genomics 41: 194-200, 2010. First published February 9, 2010; doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00146.2009.-Interspersed repetitive sequences (IRSs) are a major contributor to genome size and may contribute to cellular functions. IRSs are subdivided according to size and functionally related structures into short interspersed elements, long interspersed elements (LINEs), DNA transposons, and LTR-retrotransposons. Many IRSs may produce RNA and regulate genes by a variety of mechanisms. The majority of DNA methylation occurs in IRSs and is believed to suppress IRS activities. Global hypomethylation, or the loss of genome-wide methylation, is a common epigenetic event not only in senescent cells but also in cancer cells. Loss of LINE-1 methylation has been characterized in many cancers. Here, we evaluated the methylation levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of LINE-1, Alu, and human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) in 177 samples obtained from volunteers between 20 and 88 yr of age. Age was negatively associated with methylation levels of Alu (r = -0.452, P < 10(-3)) and HERV-K (r = -0.326, P < 10(-3)) but not LINE-1 (r = 0.145, P = 0.055). Loss of methylation of Alu occurred during ages 34-68 yr, and loss of methylation of HERV-K occurred during ages 40-63 yr and again during ages 64-83 yr. Interestingly, methylation of Alu and LINE-1 are directly associated, particularly at ages 49 yr and older (r = 0.49, P < 10(-3)). Therefore, only some types of IRSs lose methylation at certain ages. Moreover, Alu and HERV-K become hypomethylated differently. Finally, there may be several mechanisms of global methylation. However, not all of these mechanisms are age-dependent. This finding may lead to a better understanding of not only the biological causes and consequences of genome-wide hypomethylation but also the role of IRSs in the aging process. ISSN: 1094-8341 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00146.2009 Record 110 of 726 Author(s): Liewrian, W (Liewrian, Watchara); Hoonsawat, R (Hoonsawat, Rassmidara); Tang, IM (Tang, I-Ming) Title: Spin switching effects in a ferromagnetic graphene junction having a second gate Source: PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES, 42 (5): 1287-1292 MAR 2010 Abstract: The effects of the bias voltage placed on a second gate which is positioned to the left of the ferromagnetic graphene (FG) layer on the switching of the charge and spin transports in a ferromagnetic graphene junction are studied. We show that the change in the bias voltage from positive to negative (while maintaining the positive voltage on the first gate above the FG layer) can induce a switching from high to low conductance states in the junction. The voltage on the first gate is used to shift the Fermi level in the FG layer. Enhancement of the on/off conductance ratio on the switching is shown to be inversely proportional to the thickness of the second gate barrier. We show that by biasing the nanostructures with the voltage U-2, the spin polarization can be increased and that as a consequence, the thickness of the FG barrier layer needed for spin-polarized transport can be reduced. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1386-9477 DOI: 10.1016/j.physe.2009.10.051 Record 111 of 726 Author(s): Klainin, P (Klainin, Piyanee); Ounnapiruk, L (Ounnapiruk, Liwan) Title: A Meta-Analysis of Self-Care Behavior Research on Elders in Thailand:An Update Source: NURSING SCIENCE QUARTERLY, 23 (2): 156-163 APR 2010 Abstract: Self-care is essential for elderly individuals to maintain their optimal level of health. This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize research findings relating to self-care among the elderly in Thailand. Twenty studies undertaken from 1990 to 2008 were used and 328 effect sizes were computed. Most studies were unpublished master's theses guided by Orem's self-care deficit theory. Data were collected in these studies by face-to-face interviews. Variables with the largest effect sizes encompassed self-concept, social support, and self-efficacy. Those with medium effect sizes entailed family relationships, overall health beliefs, internal locus of control, health status, and external locus of control. Results from this meta-analysis is useful information for nursing. ISSN: 0894-3184 DOI: 10.1177/0894318410362788 Record 112 of 726 Author(s): Phornphisutthimas, S (Phornphisutthimas, S.); Sudtachat, N (Sudtachat, N.); Bunyoo, C (Bunyoo, C.); Chotewutmontri, P (Chotewutmontri, P.); Panijpan, B (Panijpan, B.); Thamchaipenet, A (Thamchaipenet, A.) Title: Development of an intergeneric conjugal transfer system for rimocidin-producing Streptomyces rimosus Source: LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 50 (5): 530-536 MAY 2010 Abstract: Aims: To develop an intergeneric conjugation system for rimocidin-producing Streptomyces rimosus. Methods and Results: High efficiencies of conjugation [10-2-10-3 transconjugants/recipient colony forming units (CFU)] were obtained when spores of S. rimosus were heat treated at 40 degrees C for 10 min prior to mixing with E. coli ET12567(pUZ8002/pIJ8600) as donor. Mycelium from liquid grown cultures of S. rimosus could also be used as recipient instead of spores, with 24-h cultures giving optimal results. TSA (Oxoid) medium containing 10 m mol l-1 MgCl2 was the preferred medium for conjugation. Southern hybridization was used to confirm that transconjugants of S. rimosus contained a single copy of pIJ8600 integrated at a unique chromosomal attachment site (attB). The transconjugants exhibited a high stability of plasmid integration and showed strong expression of green fluorescent protein when using pIJ8655 as the conjugative vector. Conclusion: Intergeneric conjugation between E. coli and S. rimosus was achieved at high efficiency using both spores and mycelium. Significance and Impact of the Study: The conjugation system developed provides a convenient gene expression system for S. rimosus R7 and will enable the genetic manipulation of the rimocidin gene cluster. ISSN: 0266-8254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02835.x Record 113 of 726 Author(s): Wynne, A (Wynne, Alexander) Title: The Buddha's 'skill in means' and the genesis of the five aggregate teaching Winner of the 2nd Professor Mary Boyce Award Source: JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, 20: 191-216 Part 2 APR 2010 Abstract: The problem tackled in this article is ambitious. 'Through examination of how certain fundamental teachings of the Buddha originated the author argues that those teachings must indeed back to the Buddha himself Thus the author builds a chain of argument which creates hypothetical links rather than declaring 'a priori' that links and connection cannot be established. This article argues that the Alagaddapama Sutta, an important early Buddhist text, portrays the Buddha in the process of formulating Ins thoughts. If so it contradicts the myth that the Buddha awakened to the entire Buddhist Dharma on one occasion, and should be dated to the fourth century Such an antiquity, and peculiar didactic structure suggests that the text contains authentic teachings of the Buddha. ISSN: 1356-1863 DOI: 10.1017/S1356186309990496 Record 114 of 726 Author(s): Tocharus, J (Tocharus, Jiraporn); Khonthun, C (Khonthun, Chakkrapong); Chongthammakun, S (Chongthammakun, Sukumal); Govitrapong, P (Govitrapong, Piyarat) Title: Melatonin attenuates methamphetamine-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglial cell lines Source: JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, 48 (4): 347-352 MAY 2010 Abstract: Methamphetamine (METH), the most commonly abused drug, has long been known to induce neurotoxicity. METH causes oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the overproduction of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The role of METH-induced brain inflammation remains unclear. Imbroglio activation contributes to the neuronal damage that accompanies injury, disease and inflammation. METH may activate microglia to produce neuroinflammatory molecules. In highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) cells, a rat microglial cell line, METH reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and initiated the expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha. METH also induced the production of both ROS and RNS in microglial cells. Pretreatment with melatonin, a major secretory product of the pineal gland, abolished METH-induced toxicity, suppressed ROS and RNS formation and also had an inhibitory effect on cytotoxic factor gene expression. The expression of cytotoxic factors produced by microglia may contribute to central nervous system degeneration in amphetamine abusers. Melatonin attenuates METH toxicity and inhibits the expression of cytotoxic factor genes associated with ROS and RNS neutralization in HAPI microglia. Thus, melatonin might be one of the neuroprotective agents induced by METH toxicity and/or other immunogens. ISSN: 0742-3098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00761.x Record 115 of 726 Author(s): Senapin, S (Senapin, S.); Thaowbut, Y (Thaowbut, Y.); Gangnonngiw, W (Gangnonngiw, W.); Chuchird, N (Chuchird, N.); Sriurairatana, S (Sriurairatana, S.); Flegel, TW (Flegel, T. W.) Title: Impact of yellow head virus outbreaks in the whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone), in Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, 33 (5): 421-430 MAY 2010 Abstract: Yellow head virus (YHV) is known as a major pathogen in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon. It can also cause serious mortality in farmed whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. However, there is no published information on the economic and/or production impact of the disease in P. vannamei. Shrimp with gross signs of YHV disease (faded body colour and 60-70% mortality) were observed in 20 study farms rearing P. vannamei in the central part of Thailand from the end of 2007 through early 2008. The estimated economic loss for these farms according to the Thai Animal Aquaculture Association was approximately US$3 million. Detailed sequence analysis of RT-PCR amplicons from shrimp in all the study ponds revealed the presence of YHV Type 1b (YHV-1b) alone (characterized by a 162-bp deletion in the ORF3 region encoding the structural gene for gp116) and the absence of YHV Type 1a (YHV-1a), the original YHV type reported from Thailand. Despite the large 162-bp deletion (= 54 deduced amino acids) in the gp116 structural gene, histopathology of YHV-1b infections was identical to that of YHV-1a infections, and electron microscopy revealed that YHV-1b virions were morphologically indistinguishable from those previously reported for YHV-1a. In addition, an existing commercial RT-PCR detection kit and an immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of YHV were proven to have been valid tests for both YHV-1b and YHV-1a. The source of the virus for these outbreaks was unlikely to have been the post-larvae used to stock the ponds, as they were derived from domesticated specific pathogen-free stocks free of YHV. Thus, it is possible that they originated from an unknown, natural reservoir. ISSN: 0140-7775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01135.x Record 116 of 726 Author(s): Avirutnan, P (Avirutnan, Panisadee); Fuchs, A (Fuchs, Anja); Hauhart, RE (Hauhart, Richard E.); Somnuke, P (Somnuke, Pawit); Youn, S (Youn, Soonjeon); Diamond, MS (Diamond, Michael S.); Atkinson, JP (Atkinson, John P.) Title: Antagonism of the complement component C4 by flavivirus nonstructural protein NS1 Source: JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, 207 (4): 793-806 APR 12 2010 Abstract: The complement system plays an essential protective role in the initial defense against many microorganisms. Flavivirus NS1 is a secreted nonstructural glycoprotein that accumulates in blood, is displayed on the surface of infected cells, and has been hypothesized to have immune evasion functions. Herein, we demonstrate that dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) NS1 attenuate classical and lectin pathway activation by directly interacting with C4. Binding of NS1 to C4 reduced C4b deposition and C3 convertase (C4b2a) activity. Although NS1 bound C4b, it lacked intrinsic cofactor activity to degrade C4b, and did not block C3 convertase formation or accelerate decay of the C3 and C5 convertases. Instead, NS1 enhanced C4 cleavage by recruiting and activating the complement-specific protease C1s. By binding C1s and C4 in a complex, NS1 promotes efficient degradation of C4 to C4b. Through this mechanism, NS1 protects DENV from complement-dependent neutralization in solution. These studies define a novel immune evasion mechanism for restricting complement control of microbial infection. ISSN: 0022-1007 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20092545 Record 117 of 726 Author(s): Pasomsub, E (Pasomsub, Ekawat); Sukasem, C (Sukasem, Chonlaphat); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, Somnuek); Kijsirikul, B (Kijsirikul, Boonserm); Chantratita, W (Chantratita, Wasun) Title: The Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Phenotypic Drug Resistance Prediction: Evaluation and Comparison with Other Interpretation Systems Source: JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 63 (2): 87-94 MAR 2010 Abstract: Although phenotypic resistance testing provides more direct measurement of antiretroviral drug resistance than genotypic testing, it is costly and time-consuming. However, genotypic resistance testing has the advantages of being simpler and more accessible, and it might be possible to use the data obtained for predicting quantitative drug susceptibility to interpret complex mutation combinations This study applied the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) system to predict the HIV-1 resistance phenotype from the genotype. A total of 7,598 pairs of HIV-1 sequences, with their corresponding phenotypic fold change values for 14 antiretroviral drugs, were trained, validated, and tested in ANN modeling. The results were compared with the HIV-SEQ and Geno2pheno interpretation systems. The prediction performance of the ANN models was measured by 10-fold cross-validation. The results indicated that by using the ANN, with an associated set of amino acid positions known to influence drug resistance for individual antiretroviral drugs, drug resistance was accurately predicted and generalized for individual HIV-1 subtypes. Therefore, high correlation with the experimental phenotype may help physicians choose optimal therapeutic regimens that might be an option, or supporting system, of FDA-approved genotypic resistance testing in heavily treatment-experienced patients. ISSN: 1344-6304 Record 118 of 726 Author(s): Krityakiarana, W (Krityakiarana, W.); Espinosa-Jeffrey, A (Espinosa-Jeffrey, A.); Ghiani, CA (Ghiani, C. A.); Zhao, PM (Zhao, P. M.); Topaldjikian, N (Topaldjikian, N.); Gomez-Pinilla, F (Gomez-Pinilla, F.); Yamaguchi, M (Yamaguchi, M.); Kotchabhakdi, N (Kotchabhakdi, N.); de Vellis, J (de Vellis, J.) Title: Voluntary Exercise Increases Oligodendrogenesis in Spinal Cord Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 120 (4): 280-290 APR 2010 Abstract: Exercise has been shown to increase hippocampal neurogenesis, but the effects of exercise on oligodendrocyte generation have not yet been reported. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that voluntary exercise may affect neurogenesis, and more in particular, oligodendrogenesis in the thoracic segment of the intact spinal cord of adult nestin-GFP transgenic mice. Voluntary exercise for 7 and 14 days increased nestin-GFP expression around the ependymal area. In addition, voluntary exercise for 7 days significantly increased nestin-GFP expression in both the white and gray matter of the thoracic segment of the intact spinal cord, whereas, 14-day exercise decreased nestin-GFP expression. Markers for immature oligodendrocytes (transferrin and CNPase) were significantly increased after 7 days of voluntary exercise. These results suggest that voluntary exercise positively influences oligodendrogenesis in the intact spinal cord, emphasizing the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise as a possible co-treatment for spinal cord injury. ISSN: 0020-7454 DOI: 10.3109/00207450903222741 Record 119 of 726 Author(s): Nakornchai, S (Nakornchai, Siriruk); Banditsing, P (Banditsing, Panit); Visetratana, N (Visetratana, Nattida) Title: Clinical evaluation of 3Mix and Vitapex (R) as treatment options for pulpally involved primary molars Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, 20 (3): 214-221 MAY 2010 Abstract: Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of 3Mix and Vitapex (R) for root canal treatment of pulpally involved primary molars. Methods. Fifty teeth from 37 healthy children aged 3-8 years with pulpally involved primary molars needing root canal procedures were treated with 3Mix or Vitapex (R) before restoration with stainless steel crowns. The research employed a prospective single-blinded randomized design. The subjects were followed up clinically and radiographically at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The outcome was compared using a Z-test with a significance level of 0.05. Results. Both groups showed 100% and 96% clinical success at 6 and 12 months, respectively. At 6 months, radiographic success of 3Mix and Vitapex (R) was 84% and 80%, respectively, and at 12 months, radiographic success of 3Mix and Vitapex (R) was 76% and 56%, respectively. Considering the radiographic findings at the end of 6 and 12 months, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (P = 0.356 and 0.068, respectively). Conclusion. 3Mix and Vitapex (R) can be used as a root canal treatment agent in pulpally involved primary teeth. ISSN: 0960-7439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2010.01044.x Record 120 of 726 Author(s): Siriboonpiputtana, T (Siriboonpiputtana, T.); Jomsawat, U (Jomsawat, U.); Rinthachai, T (Rinthachai, T.); Thanakitgosate, J (Thanakitgosate, J.); Shotivaranon, J (Shotivaranon, J.); Limsuwanachot, N (Limsuwanachot, N.); Polyorat, P (Polyorat, P.); Rerkamnuaychoke, B (Rerkamnuaychoke, B.) Title: Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Central Thai population Source: FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS, 4 (3): E71-E72 APR 2010 Abstract: 12 Y-STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS438, DYS439 and DYS437) were typed with PowerPlex(R) Y System (Promega, USA) in a total sample of 501 unrelated males from the central part of Thailand. Allele frequencies and gene diversity for each Y-STR locus were determined. Haplotype diversity from the combined 12 Y-STR loci was 0.9996. The present results can be used as Thai ethnic genetic information resources in routine forensic analysis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1872-4973 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.06.007 Record 121 of 726 Author(s): Chuangchaiya, S (Chuangchaiya, S.); Jangpatarapongsa, K (Jangpatarapongsa, K.); Chootong, P (Chootong, P.); Sirichaisinthop, J (Sirichaisinthop, J.); Sattabongkot, J (Sattabongkot, J.); Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, K.); Chotivanich, K (Chotivanich, K.); Troye-Blomberg, M (Troye-Blomberg, M.); Cui, L (Cui, L.); Udomsangpetch, R (Udomsangpetch, R.) Title: Immune response to Plasmodium vivax has a potential to reduce malaria severity Source: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, 160 (2): 233-239 MAY 2010 Abstract: P>Plasmodium falciparum infection causes transient immunosuppression during the parasitaemic stage. However, the immune response during simultaneous infections with both P. vivax and P. falciparum has been investigated rarely. In particular, it is not clear whether the host's immune response to malaria will be different when infected with a single or mixed malaria species. Phenotypes of T cells from mixed P. vivax-P. falciparum (PV-PF) infection were characterized by flow cytometry, and anti-malarial antibodies in the plasma were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found the percentage of CD3+delta 2+-T cell receptor (TCR) T cells in the acute-mixed PV-PF infection and single P. vivax infection three times higher than in the single P. falciparum infection. This implied that P. vivax might lead to the host immune response to the production of effector T killer cells. During the parasitaemic stage, the mixed PV-PF infection had the highest number of plasma antibodies against both P. vivax and P. falciparum. Interestingly, plasma from the group of single P. vivax or P. falciparum malaria infections had both anti-P. vivax and anti-P. falciparum antibodies. In addition, antigenic cross-reactivity of P. vivax or P. falciparum resulting in antibodies against both malaria species was shown in the supernatant of lymphocyte cultures cross-stimulated with either antigen of P. vivax or P. falciparum. The role of delta 2 +/- TCR T cells and the antibodies against both species during acute mixed malaria infection could have an impact on the immunity to malaria infection. ISSN: 0009-9104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04075.x Record 122 of 726 Author(s): Sherva, R (Sherva, Richard); Sripichai, O (Sripichai, Orapan); Abel, K (Abel, Kenneth); Ma, QL (Ma, Qianli); Whitacre, J (Whitacre, Johanna); Angkachatchai, V (Angkachatchai, Vach); Makarasara, W (Makarasara, Wattanan); Winichagoon, P (Winichagoon, Pranee); Svasti, S (Svasti, Saovaros); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat); Braun, A (Braun, Andreas); Farrer, LA (Farrer, Lindsay A.) Title: Genetic modifiers of Hb E/beta(0) thalassemia identified by a two-stage genome-wide association study Source: BMC MEDICAL GENETICS, 11: Art. No. 51 MAR 30 2010 Abstract: Background: Patients with Hb E/beta(0) thalassemia display remarkable variability in disease severity. To identify genetic modifiers influencing disease severity, we conducted a two-stage genome scan in groups of 207 mild and 305 severe unrelated patients from Thailand with Hb E/beta(0) thalassemia and normal a-globin genes. Methods: First, we estimated and compared the allele frequencies of approximately 110,000 gene-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pooled DNAs from different severity groups. The 756 SNPs that showed reproducible allelic differences at P < 0.02 by pooling were selected for individual genotyping. Results: After adjustment for age, gender and geographic region, logistic regression models showed 50 SNPs significantly associated with disease severity (P < 0.05) after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing. Forty-one SNPs in a large LD block within the beta-globin gene cluster had major alleles associated with severe disease. The most significant was bthal_bg200 (odds ratio (OR) = 5.56, P = 2.6 x 10(-13)). Seven SNPs in two distinct LD blocks within a region centromeric to the beta-globin gene cluster that contains many olfactory receptor genes were also associated with disease severity; rs3886223 had the strongest association (OR = 3.03, P = 3.7 x 10(-11)). Several previously unreported SNPs were also significantly associated with disease severity. Conclusions: These results suggest that there may be an additional regulatory region centromeric to the beta-globin gene cluster that affects disease severity by modulating fetal hemoglobin expression. ISSN: 1471-2350 Article Number: 51 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-51 Record 123 of 726 Author(s): Duangpan, S (Duangpan, Saowapa); Jitrapakdee, S (Jitrapakdee, Sarawut); Adina-Zada, A (Adina-Zada, Abdussalam); Byrne, L (Byrne, Lindsay); Zeczycki, TN (Zeczycki, Tonya N.); Maurice, MS (Maurice, Martin St.); Cleland, WW (Cleland, W. Wallace); Wallace, JC (Wallace, John C.); Attwood, PV (Attwood, Paul V.) Title: Probing the Catalytic Roles of Arg548 and Gln552 in the Carboxyl Transferase Domain of the Rhizobium etli Pyruvate Carboxylase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis Source: BIOCHEMISTRY, 49 (15): 3296-3304 APR 20 2010 Abstract: The roles of Arg548 and Gln552 residues in the active site of the carboxyl transferase domain of Rhizobium pyruvate carboxylase were investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of Arg548 to alanine or glutamine resulted in the destabilization of the quaternary structure of the enzyme, suggesting that this residue has a structural role. Mutations R548K, Q552N, and Q552A resulted in a loss of the ability to catalyze pyruvate carboxylation, biotin-dependent decarboxylation of oxaloacetate, and the exchange of protons between pyruvate and water. These mutants retained the ability to catalyze reactions that occur at the active site of the biotin carboxylase domain. i.e., bicarbonate-dependent ATP cleavage and ADP phosphorylation by carbamoyl phosphate. The effects of oxamate on the catalysis in the biotin carboxylase domain by the R548K and Q552N mutants were similar to those on the catalysis of reactions by the wild-type enzyme. However, the presence of oxamate had no effect on the reactions catalyzed by the Q552A mutant. We propose that Arg548 and Gln552 facilitate the binding of pyruvate and the subsequent transfer of protons between pyruvate and biotin in the partial reaction catalyzed in the active site of the carboxyl transferase domain of Rhizobium etli pyruvate carboxylase. ISSN: 0006-2960 DOI: 10.1021/bi901894t Record 124 of 726 Author(s): McGready, R (McGready, Rose); Blacksell, SD (Blacksell, Stuart D.); Luksameetanasan, R (Luksameetanasan, Rungnapa); Wuthiekanun, V (Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn); Jedsadapanpong, W (Jedsadapanpong, Wilairat); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois) Title: First Report of an Orientia tsutsugamushi Type TA716-Related Scrub Typhus Infection in Thailand Source: VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES, 10 (2): 191-193 MAR 2010 Abstract: Orientia tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus and is a rural zoonosis endemic in the Asia Pacific region. This is the first report of O. tsutsugamushi TA716-like strain in a human in Thailand. The patient was in the 1st trimester of pregnancy when she developed scrub typhus. The O. tsutsugamushi strain TA716 was detected from her admission blood sample, and the pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion. The effects of scrub typhus in pregnant women and the pregnancy outcome are sparsely documented in the published medical literature. Improved clinical recognition and laboratory diagnosis will be essential to better define the morbidity caused by this zoonosis especially in pregnancy. ISSN: 1530-3667 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0199 Record 125 of 726 Author(s): Sae-Oui, P (Sae-Oui, Pongdhorn); Sirisinha, C (Sirisinha, Chakrit); Sa-nguanthammarong, P (Sa-nguanthammarong, Promsak); Thaptong, P (Thaptong, Puchong) Title: Properties and recyclability of thermoplastic elastomer prepared from natural rubber powder (NRP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) Source: POLYMER TESTING, 29 (3): 346-351 MAY 2010 Abstract: Preparation of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) was carried out by blending high density polyethylene (HDPE) with natural rubber powder (NRP) obtained from spray drying of pre-vulcanized natural rubber latex. The blend ratio of NRP/HDPE was varied and the properties and recyclability of the TPNRs were investigated. The results reveal that, due to flow restriction of the crosslinked NRP, viscosity of the TPNR increases continuously with increasing NRP content. As expected, when NRP content is increased, properties the TPNR are more rubber-like, as clearly observed from the stress-strain curve characteristics, the reductions in modulus and hardness and, most importantly, the significant improvement of permanent set. Although phase size of the dispersed NRP is relatively large, the tensile strength tends to increase gradually with increasing NRP content. The phenomenon of strain-induced crystallization is proposed to explain the results. It is also found that recycling has a noticeably detrimental influence on most properties of the TPNRs such as tensile strength, tear strength, hardness and tension set. This is thought to be a consequence of thermal degradation of the NRP during the recycling process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0142-9418 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.12.010 Record 126 of 726 Author(s): Fried, JR (Fried, Jessica R.); Gibbons, RV (Gibbons, Robert V.); Kalayanarooj, S (Kalayanarooj, Siripen); Thomas, SJ (Thomas, Stephen J.); Srikiatkhachorn, A (Srikiatkhachorn, Anon); Yoon, IK (Yoon, In-Kyu); Jarman, RG (Jarman, Richard G.); Green, S (Green, Sharone); Rothman, AL (Rothman, Alan L.); Cummings, DAT (Cummings, Derek A. T.) Title: Serotype-Specific Differences in the Risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: An Analysis of Data Collected in Bangkok, Thailand from 1994 to 2006 Source: PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 4 (3): Art. No. e617 MAR 2010 Abstract: Background: It is unclear whether dengue serotypes differ in their propensity to cause severe disease. We analyzed differences in serotype-specific disease severity in children presenting for medical attention in Bangkok, Thailand. Methodology/Principal Findings: Prospective studies were conducted from 1994 to 2006. Univariate and multivariate logistic and multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine if dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and signs of severe clinical disease (pleural effusion, ascites, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration) were associated with serotype. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. There were 162 (36%) cases with DENV-1, 102 (23%) with DENV-2, 123 (27%) with DENV-3, and 64 (14%) with DENV-4. There was no significant difference in the rates of DHF by serotype: DENV-2 (43%), DENV-3 (39%), DENV-1 (34%), DENV-4 (31%). DENV-2 was significantly associated with increased odds of DHF grade I compared to DF (OR 2.9 95% CI 1.1, 8.0), when using DENV-1 as the reference. Though not statistically significant, DENV-2 had an increased odds of total DHF and DHF grades II, III, and IV. Secondary serologic response was significantly associated with DHF (OR 6.2) and increased when considering more severe grades of DHF. DENV-2 (9%) and -4 (3%) were significantly less often associated with primary disease than DENV-1 (28%) and -3 (33%). Restricting analysis to secondary cases, we found DENV-2 and DENV-3 to be twice as likely to result in DHF as DEN-4 (p = 0.05). Comparing study years, we found the rate of DHF to be significantly less in 1999, 2000, 2004, and 2005 than in 1994, the study year with the highest percentage of DHF cases, even when controlling for other variables. Conclusions/Significance: As in other studies, we find secondary disease to be strongly associated with DHF and with more severe grades of DHF. DENV-2 appears to be marginally associated with more severe dengue disease as evidenced by a significant association with DHF grade I when compared to DENV-1. In addition, we found non-significant trends with other grades of DHF. Restricting the analysis to secondary disease we found DENV-2 and -3 to be twice as likely to result in DHF as DEN-4. Differences in severity by study year may suggest that other factors besides serotype play a role in disease severity. ISSN: 1935-2727 Article Number: e617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000617 Record 127 of 726 Author(s): Setou, M (Setou, Mitsutoshi); Shrivas, K (Shrivas, Kamlesh); Sroyraya, M (Sroyraya, Morakot); Yang, H (Yang, Hyunjeong); Sugiura, Y (Sugiura, Yuki); Moribe, J (Moribe, Junji); Kondo, A (Kondo, Akira); Tsutsumi, K (Tsutsumi, Koji); Kimura, Y (Kimura, Yoshishige); Kurabe, N (Kurabe, Nobuya); Hayasaka, T (Hayasaka, Takahiro); Goto-Inoue, N (Goto-Inoue, Naoko); Zaima, N (Zaima, Nobuhiro); Ikegami, K (Ikegami, Koji); Sobhon, P (Sobhon, Prasert); Konishi, Y (Konishi, Yoshiyuki) Title: Developments and applications of mass microscopy Source: MEDICAL MOLECULAR MORPHOLOGY, 43 (1): 1-5 MAR 2010 Abstract: We have developed a mass microscopy technique, i.e., a microscope combined with high-resolution matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), which is a powerful tool for investigating the spatial distribution of biomolecules without any time-consuming extraction, purification, and separation procedures for biological tissue sections. Mass microscopy provides clear images about the distribution of hundreds of biomolecules in a single measurement and also helps in understanding the cellular profile of the biological system. The sample preparation and the spatial resolution and speed of the technique are all important steps that affect the identification of biomolecules in mass microscopy. In this Award Lecture Review, we focus on some of the recent developments in clinical applications to show how mass microscopy can be employed to assess medical molecular morphology. ISSN: 1860-1480 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-009-0489-0 Record 128 of 726 Author(s): Kachadroka, S (Kachadroka, Supatra); Hall, AM (Hall, Alicia M.); Niedzielko, TL (Niedzielko, Tracy L.); Chongthammakun, S (Chongthammakun, Sukumal); Floyd, CL (Floyd, Candace L.) Title: Effect of Endogenous Androgens on 17 beta-Estradiol-Mediated Protection after Spinal Cord Injury in Male Rats Source: JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA, 27 (3): 611-626 MAR 2010 Abstract: Several groups have recently shown that 17 beta-estradiol is protective in spinal cord injury (SCI). Testosterone can be aromatized to 17 beta-estradiol and may increase estrogen-mediated protection. Alternatively, testosterone has been shown to increase excitotoxicity in models of central nervous system (CNS) injury. These experiments test the hypothesis that endogenous testosterone in male rats alters 17 beta-estradiol-mediated protection by evaluating a delayed administration over a clinically relevant dose range and manipulating testicular-derived testosterone. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were either gonadectomized or left gonad-intact prior to SCI. SCI was produced by a midthoracic crush injury. At 30 min post SCI, animals received a subcutaneous pellet of 0.0, 0.05, 0.5, or 5.0mg of 17 beta-estradiol, released over 21 days. Hindlimb locomotion was analyzed weekly in the open field. Spinal cords were collected and analyzed for cell death, expression of Bcl-family proteins, and white-matter sparing. Post-SCI administration of the 0.5- or 5.0-mg pellet improved hindlimb locomotion, reduced urinary bladder size, increased neuronal survival, reduced apoptosis, improved the Bax/Bcl-xL protein ratio, and increased white-matter sparing. In the absence of endogenous testicular-derived androgens, SCI induced greater apoptosis, yet 17 beta-estradiol administration reduced apoptosis to the same extent in gonadectomized and gonad-intact male rats. These data suggest that delayed post-SCI administration of a clinically relevant dose of 17 beta-estradiol is protective in male rats, and endogenous androgens do not alter estrogen-mediated protection. These data suggest that 17 beta-estradiol is an effective therapeutic intervention for reducing secondary damage after SCI in males, which could be readily translated to clinical trials. ISSN: 0897-7151 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1069 Record 129 of 726 Author(s): Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, C (Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, Chartchalerm); Tansila, N (Tansila, Natta); Worachartcheewan, A (Worachartcheewan, Apilak); Bulow, L (Bulow, Leif); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong) Title: Biochemical and Cellular Investigation of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin (VHb) Variants Possessing Efficient Peroxidase Activity Source: JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 20 (3): 532-541 MAR 2010 Abstract: Peroxidase-like activity of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) has been recently disclosed. To maximize such activity, two catalytically conserved residues (histidine and arginine) found in the distal pocket of peroxidases have successfully been introduced into that of the VHb. A 15-fold increase in catalytic constant (k(cat)) was obtained in P54R variant, which was presumably attributable to the lower rigidity and higher hydrophilicity of the distal cavity arising from substitution of proline to arginine. None of the modifications altered the affinity towards either H2O2 or ABTS substrate. Spectroscopic studies revealed that VHb variants harboring the T29H mutation apparently demonstrated a spectral shift in both ferric and ferrous forms (406-408 to 411 nm, and 432 to 424-425 nm, respectively). All VHb proteins in the ferrous state had a lambda(soret) peak at 419 nm following the carbon monoxide (CO) binding. Expression of the P54R mutant mediated the downregulation of iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) as identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). According to the high peroxidase activity of P54R, it could effectively eliminate autoxidation-derived H2O2, which is a cause of heme degradation and iron release. This decreased the iron availability and consequently reduced the formation of the Fe2+-ferric uptake regulator protein (Fe2+-Fur), an inducer of FeSOD expression. ISSN: 1017-7825 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.0908.08038 Record 130 of 726 Author(s): Kittigul, L (Kittigul, Leera); Pombubpa, K (Pombubpa, Kannika); Taweekate, Y (Taweekate, Yuthana); Diraphat, P (Diraphat, Pornphan); Sujirarat, D (Sujirarat, Dusit); Khamrin, P (Khamrin, Pattara); Ushijima, H (Ushijima, Hiroshi) Title: Norovirus GII-4 2006b Variant Circulating in Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis in Thailand During a 2006-2007 Study Source: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, 82 (5): 854-860 MAY 2010 Abstract: Noroviruses (NoVs) are recognized as a significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. A 14-month study, from January 2006 to February 2007, was undertaken in a hospital in Thailand to determine the prevalence and genetic characterization of NoVs in patients of all ages with acute gastroenteritis. Based on reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR), NoVs were detected in 122 of 273 (44.7%) collected stool samples. Of the 122 NoV-positive samples, 28 (23%) belonged to GI, 79 (64.8%) belonged to GII, and 15 (12.2%) were mixed infections of GI and GII strains. Three NoV GI-positive and 42 NoV GII-positive samples were characterized successfully by DNA sequencing of the RT-nested PCR products and phylogenetic analysis. For NoV GI, two genotypes were identified: GI-2 (one sample) and GI-6 (two samples). NoV GII could be classified further into five distinct genotypes: GII-2 (1 sample), GII-3 (3 samples), GII-4 (14 samples), GII-6 (3 samples), and GII-17 (2 samples), and one unclassified genotype (19 samples). All NoV GII-4 strains showed 88-98% nucleotide identity with NoV GII-4 2006b variants reported worldwide. Among genotypes of NoV characterized, one co-infected stool sample exhibited NoVs GI-6 and GII-4 2006b. This study suggests that there is an important role of NoVs as etiologic agents in patients with acute gastroenteritis. The predominant circulating genotype of NoV infections is GII-4 2006b variant. J. Med. Virol. 82:854 860, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ISSN: 0146-6615 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21746 Record 131 of 726 Author(s): Anderson, TJC (Anderson, Tim J. C.); Nair, S (Nair, Shalini); Nkhoma, S (Nkhoma, Standwell); Williams, JT (Williams, Jeff T.); Imwong, M (Imwong, Mallika); Yi, P (Yi, Poravuth); Socheat, D (Socheat, Duong); Das, D (Das, Debashish); Chotivanich, K (Chotivanich, Kesinee); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.) Title: High Heritability of Malaria Parasite Clearance Rate Indicates a Genetic Basis for Artemisinin Resistance in Western Cambodia Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 201 (9): 1326-1330 MAY 1 2010 Abstract: In western Cambodia, malaria parasites clear slowly from the blood after treatment with artemisinin derivatives, but it is unclear whether this results from parasite, host, or other factors specific to this population. We measured heritability of clearance rate by evaluating patients infected with identical or nonidentical parasite genotypes, using methods analogous to human twin studies. A substantial proportion (56%-58%) of the variation in clearance rate is explained by parasite genetics. This has 2 important implications: (1) selection with artemisinin derivatives will tend to drive resistance spread and (2) because heritability is high, the genes underlying parasite clearance rate may be identified by genome-wide association. ISSN: 0022-1899 DOI: 10.1086/651562 Record 132 of 726 Author(s): Kiertiburanakul, S (Kiertiburanakul, S.); Apivanich, S (Apivanich, S.); Muntajit, T (Muntajit, T.); Sukkra, S (Sukkra, S.); Sirinavin, S (Sirinavin, S.); Leelaudomlipi, S (Leelaudomlipi, S.); Wananukul, W (Wananukul, W.); Satapattayavong, B (Satapattayavong, B.); Malathum, K (Malathum, K.) Title: H1N1 2009 influenza among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital in Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION, 74 (3): 300-302 MAR 2010 ISSN: 0195-6701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.11.001 Record 133 of 726 Author(s): Sae-Oui, P (Sae-Oui, Pongdhorn); Sirisinha, C (Sirisinha, Chakrit); Hatthapanit, K (Hatthapanit, Kannika) Title: Properties of Natural Rubber Filled with Ultra Fine Acrylate Rubber Powder Source: JOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS, 42 (2): 139-150 MAR 2010 Abstract: Properties of natural rubber (NR) filled with various loadings of ultra-fine vulcanized acrylate rubber powder (ACMP) were investigated. ACMP loading was varied from 0 to 20 phr and, after compounding, the compound properties were determined. Results reveal that increasing ACMP loading leads to improved processability, as evidenced by the reduction of both mixing energy and Mooney viscosity. ACMP, however, has negative effect on cure, that is, both scorch time and optimum cure time are prolonged while the state of cure is reduced with increasing ACMP loading. Due to the reinforcing effect of the fine ACMP particles, both modulus and hardness are found to increase consecutively with increasing ACMP loading. The tensile strength is also found to improve with increasing ACMP loading up to 10 phr. However, due to the cure retardation effect and the high thermoplastic nature, the presence of ACMP causes deterioration of elasticity. As ACMP is highly polar and fully saturated, the addition of ACMP enhances the resistance to oil and thermal aging of the NR vulcanizate. Significant improvement of thermal aging resistance is found when 10 phr or more of ACMP is added. ISSN: 0095-2443 DOI: 10.1177/0095244310362733 Record 134 of 726 Author(s): Rojruthai, P (Rojruthai, Porntip); Sakdapipanich, JT (Sakdapipanich, Jitladda Tangpakdee); Takahashi, S (Takahashi, Seiji); Hyegin, L (Hyegin, Lee); Noike, M (Noike, Motoyoshi); Koyama, T (Koyama, Tanetoshi); Tanaka, Y (Tanaka, Yasuyuki) Title: In vitro synthesis of high molecular weight rubber by Hevea small rubber particles Source: JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING, 109 (2): 107-114 FEB 2010 Abstract: Hevea brasiliensis is one of few higher plants producing the commercial natural rubber used in many significant applications. The biosynthesis of high molecular weight rubber molecules by the higher plants has not been clarified yet. Here, the in vitro rubber biosynthesis was performed by using enzymatically active small rubber particles (SRP) from Hevea. The mechanism of the in vitro rubber synthesis was investigated by the molecular weight distribution (MWD). The highly purified SRP prepared by gel filtration and centrifugation in the presence of Triton (R) X-100 showed the low isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) incorporation for the chain extension mechanism of pre-existing rubber. The MWD of in vitro rubber elongated from the pre-existing rubber chains in SRP was analyzed for the first time in the case of H. brasiliensis by incubating without the addition of any initiator. The rubber transferase activity of 70% incorporation of the added IPP (w/w) was obtained when farnesyl diphosphate was present as the allylic diphosphate initiator. The in vitro synthesized rubber showed a typical bimodal MWD of high and low molecular weight fractions in GPC analysis, which was similar to that of the in vivo rubber with peaks at around 10(6) and 10(5) Da or lower. The reaction time independence and dependence of molecular weight of high and low molecular weight fractions, respectively, indicated that the high molecular weight rubber was synthesized from the chain extension of pre-existing rubber molecules whereas the lower one was from the chain elongation of rubber molecules newly synthesized from the added allylic substrates. (C) 2009, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1389-1723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.009 Record 135 of 726 Author(s): Leardkamolkarn, V (Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra); Sirigulpanit, W (Sirigulpanit, Wipawan); Kinney, RM (Kinney, Richard M.) Title: Characterization of Recombinant Dengue-2 Virus Derived from a Single Nucleotide Substitution in the 5 ' Noncoding Region Source: JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Art. No. 934694 2010 Abstract: Variants of wild-type dengue serotype 2 (DEN-2) virus containing nucleotide substitutions at positions 14, 15, or 57 in the 5' NCR were constructed by PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. All three viruses containing a single point substitution demonstrated attenuation phenotype as evidenced by decreases replication and plaque size in cell culture assay. All three variants were less neurovirulent in newborn mice compared to the wild type. The mutants were immunogenic in adult mice immunogenicity and maintained stable replication characteristics following passage in mice. The variant viruses were competent for replication in Aedes aegypi mosquito vector, albeit at lower levels of infection and dissemination in the mosquito than the wild-type Den-2 16681 virus. Although all of the viruses, including the wild type, were found transmissible in mosquito life cycles, they were found subsequentially decreased in efficiency of infection, transmission, and dissemination rates along the mosquito generations and all of them remained genetically stable. ISSN: 1110-7243 Article Number: 934694 DOI: 10.1155/2010/934694 Record 136 of 726 Author(s): Thanongsaksrikul, J (Thanongsaksrikul, Jeeraphong); Srimanote, P (Srimanote, Potjanee); Maneewatch, S (Maneewatch, Santi); Choowongkomon, K (Choowongkomon, Kiattawee); Tapchaisri, P (Tapchaisri, Pramuan); Makino, S (Makino, Sou-ichi); Kurazono, H (Kurazono, Hisao); Chaicumpa, W (Chaicumpa, Wanpen) Title: A VHH That Neutralizes the Zinc Metalloproteinase Activity of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Source: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 285 (13): 9657-9666 MAR 26 2010 Abstract: The current treatment of botulism is to administer animal-derived antitoxin, which frequently causes severe adverse reactions in the recipients. In this study, a heavy chain antibody fragment (VH/VHH) phage display library was constructed by amplification of the immunoglobulin genes of a nonimmune camel, Camelus dromedarius, using primers specific to human VH gene segments. A recombinant light chain of type A botulinumtoxin, BoTxA/LC, with zinc endoprotease activity was used in phage bio-panning to select phage clones displaying BoTxA/LC-bound VH/VHH. Soluble VH/VHH were produced and purified from 10 VH/VHH phagemid-transformed E. coli clones. Complementary determining regions (CDRs) and immunoglobulin frameworks (FRs) of the 10 camel VH/VHH-deduced amino acid sequences were determined. FR2 sequences of two clones showed a hallmark of camel VHH, i.e. (F/Y)(ER50)-E-42-R-49(G/F)(52). The remaining eight clones had an FR2 amino acid tetrad of conventional VH, i.e. V(42)G(49)L(50)W(52). VHH of one clone (V(H)H17) neutralized the SNAP25 hydrolytic activity of BoTxA/LC, whereas mouse polyclonal anti-BoTxA/LC did not have such activity. Mimotope sequences of V(H)H17 matched with the 194-206 amino acid residues of BoTxA/LC, which are located near the S'1 subsite of the catalytic cleft of the enzyme. Molecular docking revealed that CDR3 of the V(H)H17 bound to epitope in the toxin enzymatic cleft. Therefore, the BoTxA/LC neutralization by the V(H)H17 should be due to the VHH insertion into the enzymatic cleft of the toxin, which is usually inaccessible to a conventional antibody molecule. This antibody fragment warrants further development as a therapeutic agent for botulism. ISSN: 0021-9258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M109.073163 Record 137 of 726 Author(s): Pitsawong, W (Pitsawong, Warintra); Sucharitakul, J (Sucharitakul, Jeerus); Prongjit, M (Prongjit, Methinee); Tan, TC (Tan, Tien-Chye); Spadiut, O (Spadiut, Oliver); Haltrich, D (Haltrich, Dietmar); Divne, C (Divne, Christina); Chaiyen, P (Chaiyen, Pimchai) Title: A Conserved Active-site Threonine Is Important for Both Sugar and Flavin Oxidations of Pyranose 2-Oxidase Source: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 285 (13): 9697-9705 MAR 26 2010 Abstract: Pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O) catalyzes the oxidation by O-2 of D-glucose and several aldopyranoses to yield the 2-ketoaldoses and H2O2. Based on crystal structures, in one rotamer conformation, the threonine hydroxyl of Thr(169) forms H-bonds to the flavin-N5/O4 locus, whereas, in a different rotamer, it may interact with either sugar or other parts of the P2O center dot sugar complex. Transient kinetics of wild-type (WT) and Thr(169)-> S/N/G/A replacement variants show that D-Glc binds to T169S, T169N, and WT with the same K-d (45-47 mM), and the hydride transfer rate constants (k(red)) are similar (15.3-9.7 s(-1) at 4 degrees C). k(red) of T169G with D-glucose (0.7 s(-1), 4 degrees C) is significantly less than that of WT but not as severely affected as in T169A (k(red) of 0.03 s(-1) at 25 degrees C). Transient kinetics of WT and mutants using D-galactose show that P2O binds D-galactose with a one-step binding process, different from binding of D- glucose. In T169S, T169N, and T169G, the overall turnover with D- Gal is faster than that of WT due to an increase of kred. In the crystal structure of T169S, Ser(169) O gamma assumes a position identical to that of O gamma 1 in Thr(169); in T169G, solvent molecules may be able to rescue H-bonding. Our data suggest that a competent reductive half-reaction requires a side chain at position 169 that is able to form an H-bond within the ES complex. During the oxidative half-reaction, all mutants failed to stabilize a C4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate, thus suggesting that the precise position and geometry of the Thr(169) side chain are required for intermediate stabilization. ISSN: 0021-9258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M109.073247 Record 138 of 726 Author(s): Ponpuak, M (Ponpuak, Marisa); Davis, AS (Davis, Alexander S.); Roberts, EA (Roberts, Esteban A.); Delgado, MA (Delgado, Monica A.); Dinkins, C (Dinkins, Christina); Zhao, ZJ (Zhao, Zijiang); Virgin, HW (Virgin, Herbert W.); Kyei, GB (Kyei, George B.); Johansen, T (Johansen, Terje); Vergne, I (Vergne, Isabelle); Deretic, V (Deretic, Vojo) Title: Delivery of Cytosolic Components by Autophagic Adaptor Protein p62 Endows Autophagosomes with Unique Antimicrobial Properties Source: IMMUNITY, 32 (3): 329-341 MAR 26 2010 Abstract: Autophagy allows cells to self-digest portions of their own cytoplasm for a multitude of physiological purposes, including innate and adaptive immunity functions. In one of its innate immunity manifestations, autophagy, is known to contribute to the killing of intracellular microbes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although the molecular mechanisms have been unclear. Here, we delineated sequential steps of the autophagic pathway necessary to control intracellular M. tuberculosis and found that in addition to autophagy initiation and maturation, an accessory autophagy-targeting molecule p62 (A170 or SQSTM1) was required for mycobactericidal activity. The p62 adaptor protein delivered specific ribosomal and bulk ubiquitinated cytosolic proteins to autolysosomes where they were proteolytically converted into products capable of killing M. tuberculosis. Thus, p62 brings cytosolic proteins to autolysosomes where they are processed from innocuous precursors into neo-antimicrobial peptides, explaining in part the unique bactericidal properties of autophagic organelles. ISSN: 1074-7613 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.02.009 Record 139 of 726 Author(s): Arndt, SS (Arndt, Saskia S.); Lohavech, D (Lohavech, Dissaya); van't Klooster, J (van't Klooster, Jose); Ohl, F (Ohl, Frauke) Title: Co-species housing in mice and rats: Effects on physiological and behavioral stress responsivity Source: HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR, 57 (3): 342-351 MAR 2010 Abstract: Co-species housing of mice and rats is common practice at most breeding facilities and research laboratories, neglecting the possible effects on the animals. We investigated physiological as well as behavioral stress-reactivity in mice and rats which were either derived from a co-species or species-separated housing condition at the breeding facilities. The animals were kept under the housing condition they were used to or assigned to the opposite one. Co-species housing had a significant impact on acute stress reactivity in mice and rats but only if they were used to this housing condition throughout their lives. Moreover, the stress-effects appeared to be long lasting. Assigning animals, derived from a species-separated housing condition, to co-species housing led to chronic stress in mice and affected experimental behavior of rats. Our findings led to the conclusion that co-species housing in mice and rats should be avoided, supporting the recommendations by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (VWS). In order to support the interpretation, facilitate the reproducibility and comparability and subsequently the generalizability of experimental results, breeding facilities should at least provide detailed information about their housing conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0018-506X DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.01.003 Record 140 of 726 Author(s): Jindadamrongwech, S (Jindadamrongwech, Sumalee); Tungbuppha, N (Tungbuppha, Noppawan); Chuncharunee, S (Chuncharunee, Suporn); Butthep, P (Butthep, Punnee) Title: Hb Tak and Hb Q-Thailand in Thai Patients are S-Window Hemoglobin Variants Revealed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Source: HEMOGLOBIN, 34 (2): 161-164 2010 Abstract: The S-window hemoglobin (Hb) variants revealed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were studied in 12 Thai individuals. The variants were identified, using DNA sequencing and multiplex amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR), to be six cases of Hb Tak [beta 147 (+AC)], and six cases of Hb Q-Thailand [alpha 74(EF3)Asp -> His], respectively. By using the Capillarys 2-capillary zone electrophoresis (CE), Hb Tak and Hb Q-Thailand co-migrated with Hb F in zone 7. This might pose a problem as the high Hb F conditions suggest a differential diagnosis. The S-window Hb variants are mostly Hb Tak and Hb Q-Thailand in the Thai population rather than Hb S [beta 6(A3)Glu -> Val]. The definite identification of Hb variants detected by HPLC or capillary electrophoresis (CE) requires DNA analysis.</. ISSN: 0363-0269 DOI: 10.3109/03630261003679631 Record 141 of 726 Author(s): Snabboon, T (Snabboon, Thiti); Plengpanich, W (Plengpanich, Wanee); Houngngam, N (Houngngam, Natnicha); Buranasupkajorn, P (Buranasupkajorn, Patinut); Plengvidhya, N (Plengvidhya, Nattachet); Sereepapong, W (Sereepapong, Wisan); Sunthornyothin, S (Sunthornyothin, Sarat); Shotelersuk, V (Shotelersuk, Vorasuk) Title: Concurrent bilateral pheochromocytoma and thoracic paraganglioma during pregnancy Source: ENDOCRINE, 37 (2): 261-264 APR 2010 Abstract: Although hypertension occurring during pregnancies is not uncommon and its prognosis is generally excellent, some of its unusual causes can lead to catastrophic consequences, especially in undiagnosed cases. Here, we report a pregnant woman who presented with hypertension in her early pregnancy. It was subsequently found to be caused by bilateral pheochromocytoma. After removal of both tumors, catecholamine levels unexpectedly and unexplainably remained elevated. At 23 weeks of gestation, the fetus was found dead in utero. After the fetal death, additional studies were performed and revealed a thoracic paraganglioma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of three catecholamine-producing tumors occurring concurrently during a pregnancy. Genetic analysis helped identify this unprecedented condition; the patient harbored a heterozygous missense mutation c.482G > A in exon 3 of the VHL gene, indicating von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Physicians who care for hypertensive pregnant patients should be aware of this condition as its diagnosis would probably lead to a better outcome. ISSN: 0969-711X DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9292-x Record 142 of 726 Author(s): Kanlayanaphotporn, R (Kanlayanaphotporn, Rotsalai); Chiradejnant, A (Chiradejnant, Adit); Vachalathiti, R (Vachalathiti, Roongtiwa) Title: Immediate effects of the central posteroanterior mobilization technique on pain and range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain Source: DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION, 32 (8): 622-628 2010 Abstract: Purpose. To determine the immediate effects of the central posteroanterior (PA) mobilization technique on both pain and active cervical range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain presenting with central or bilateral symptoms. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 60 patients who were randomly allocated into either 'central PA' or 'random' mobilization group. Two physical therapists and one assessor participated. Outcome measures included neck pain at rest, pain on the most painful movement, and active cervical range of motion taken before and immediately 5 min after the mobilization treatment. Results. Significant reductions in pain at rest and on the most painful movement were noted within-group comparisons (p < 0.001). However, the 'central PA' mobilization group obtained a significantly greater reduction in pain on the most painful movement than the 'random' mobilization group (p < 0.05). Both mobilization techniques had no effects on the active cervical range of motion. However, the differences in the means of pain reduction between both mobilization techniques were modest (<10 mm). Conclusion. The clinical recommendation regarding the selection of the central PA mobilization technique for treating patients with central or bilateral mechanical neck pain is therefore arguably. ISSN: 0963-8288 DOI: 10.3109/09638280903204716 Record 143 of 726 Author(s): Hamann, CR (Hamann, Carsten R.); Hamann, DJ (Hamann, Dathan J.); Hamann, QJ (Hamann, Quinlan J.); Hamann, CP (Hamann, Curtis P.); Boonchai, W (Boonchai, Waranya); Li, LF (Li, Lin-Feng); Thyssen, JP (Thyssen, Jacob P.) Title: Assessment of nickel release from earrings randomly purchased in China and Thailand using the dimethylglyoxime test Source: CONTACT DERMATITIS, 62 (4): 232-240 2010 Abstract: Background: China and Thailand produce large amounts of jewellery that are sold domestically and abroad. Objective: To identify nickel release and metal content in earrings purchased in China and Thailand. Methods: A total of 557 earrings were randomly purchased from vendors in 11 markets located in Beijing, Chengdu, Bangkok, Patong Beach, and Hat Yai. Earrings were subjected to dimethylglyoxime (DMG) tests and 26 of the DMG negative earrings were further evaluated qualitatively for major and minor metal content using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results: A total of 314 Chinese earrings (31.5%) and 243 Thai earrings (29.2%) were DMG test positive. Three (11.5%) of 29 DMG negative earrings contained nickel as a major component; 7 (26.9%) of 29 DMG negative earrings contained nickel as a minor component. Discussion: Excessive nickel release was frequent. This may contribute to the high prevalence of nickel allergy in both countries. Increased public education together with the adoption of a regulatory intervention in Thailand may be warranted. In China, enforcement of the 2002 Chinese National Standard GB 11887 may assist in reducing sensitization. These initiatives may eventually result in decreased morbidity among the Chinese and Thai citizens, but can potentially benefit recipient countries of these important earring producing countries. ISSN: 0105-1873 Record 144 of 726 Author(s): Chulavatnatol, S (Chulavatnatol, Suvatna); Malathum, K (Malathum, Kumthorn); Kiertiburanakul, S (Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin); Sripha, K (Sripha, Kittisak); Lawanprasert, P (Lawanprasert, Pojawon) Title: Bioequivalence of indinavir capsules in healthy volunteers Source: ASIAN BIOMEDICINE, 4 (1): 95-101 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Indinavir, one component in the HAART regimen, plays an important role in the current treatment of HIV-infection and AIDS. Availability and accessibility of qualified generic indinavir to patients may be the keys for the success of treatment. Objective: Compare the rate and extent of absorption of a generic indinavir formulation with those of an original formulation in healthy Thai volunteers. Method: A randomized, two-period, two-treatment, two-sequence, crossover study with a two-week washout period was performed. A single dose of 2x400 mg indinavir capsules of each formulation was administered to 24 volunteers after an overnight fast. Indinavir plasma concentrations up to 10 hours postdose were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were derived and tested for statistically significant differences using ANOVA and criteria of bioequivalence determination were applied. Results: No statistically significant differences were demonstrated for pharmacokinetic parameters including C-max, T-max, AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity) derived from the two formulations (n=23, p>0.05). The criteria of bioequivalence determination i.e., the 90% confidence intervals on the mean ratio (generic/original formulation) of natural logarithm-transformed values of C-max, AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity) were 86.3-106.5%, 94.0-108.5%, and 93.9-108.5%, respectively. Conclusion: As the mean ratios of C-max, AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity) of the generic and original formulations were entirely within the guideline range of bioequivalence (80.0-125.0%), the two formulations were considered bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of absorption. ISSN: 1905-7415 Record 145 of 726 Author(s): Pongkumpai, M (Pongkumpai, Montri); Trakulsomboon, S (Trakulsomboon, Suwanna); Suankratay, C (Suankratay, Chusana) Title: An evaluation of 2.0 McFarland Etest method for detection of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Source: ASIAN BIOMEDICINE, 4 (1): 141-145 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) have become increasingly reported from various parts of the world. hVISA cannot be detected by routine test for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin. The gold standard method for detection, population analysis profiles (PAP) method, is complicated, time-consuming, expensive, and needs well-trained microbiologists. Objective: Evaluate of 2.0 McFarland Etest method, in comparison with the PAP method, for detection of hVISA in clinical specimens. Methods: All methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains from clinical specimens isolated from consecutive patients attended at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok between 2006 and 2007 were studied. 1 hundred nineteen specimens were obtained. The PAP method detected six hVISA strains 5 from blood and from cultures) from four patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, accounting for a prevalence of 6.35%. The MIC determined by agar dilution method was in the range of 2-3 mu g/mL. Results: 2.0 McFarland Etest method detected no false positive and five false negatives (42%), and gave a sensitivity and a specificity of 16.7% and 100%, respectively. The one-point population analysis screening method detected two false positives and 1 false negative, and gave a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity and 98.2%. Conclusion: The 2.0 McFarland Etest method had a very good specificity but a poor sensitivity for detecting hVISA. It may be used as an alternative method to confirm detection of hVISA. ISSN: 1905-7415 Record 146 of 726 Author(s): Tirakunwichcha, S (Tirakunwichcha, Suppapong); Rengwanidchakul, E (Rengwanidchakul, Ehwika); Asawaphureekorn, S (Asawaphureekorn, Somkiat); Tengtrisorn, S (Tengtrisorn, Supaporn); Juangphanich, K (Juangphanich, Khanchai); Suramethakul, P (Suramethakul, Pitipong); Pornpanich, K (Pornpanich, Kanokrat) Title: Incidence of acquired lacrimal drainage system obstruction in epiphoric patients in Thailand Source: ASIAN BIOMEDICINE, 4 (1): 159-162 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: There were few reports regarding the incidence of the acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and the incidence in different geography or countries might be alike. Since the nasolacrimal drainage system obstruction is a common problem in Thailand, knowledge of the incidence may disclose the burden of the disease that has never been reported. Objectives: Evaluate the incidence of acquired lacrimal drainage system obstruction (ALDO) in Thailand. Methods: This study was conducted in multi-centers. It was based on prospective and descriptive design. All patients with epiphoric symptoms visiting the outpatient departments of five tertiary eyecare centers were recruited between 2004 and 2007. Features of epiphoric symptoms and medical history were recorded, and complete ophthalmic examinations were performed. Results: Epiphoric patients were enrolled from all medical centers with 245 eligible patients, female:male ratio was 4.2:1. Ninety-nine patients (40%) had duration of epiphoric symptoms between one-five years. ALDO was found in 111 patients (45%) with female preponderance (6.9:1). Seventy-one patients (64%) had pre-sac obstruction and 40 patients (36%) had post-sac obstruction. Among other causes of epiphora, dry eye was the most common. Conclusion: The most common cause of epiphora was ALDO. The four-year incidence rate of ALDO among epiphoric patients was 45%. ISSN: 1905-7415 Record 147 of 726 Author(s): Treepongkaruna, S (Treepongkaruna, Suporn); Pienvichit, P (Pienvichit, Paneeya); Phuapradit, P (Phuapradit, Pornpimon); Kodcharin, P (Kodcharin, Porawee); Wattanasirichaigoon, D (Wattanasirichaigoon, Duangrurdee) Title: Mutations of ATP7B gene in two Thai siblings with Wilson disease Source: ASIAN BIOMEDICINE, 4 (1): 163-169 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in ATP7B gene. Objective: Report the clinical data and mutation analysis of two Thai siblings suspected of WD. Subject and methods: A 13-year-old boy who presented with cirrhosis, arthralgia, hypoalbuminemia, and coagulopathy, and his 11-year-old sister who was asymptomatic but had hepatomegaly with elevation of transaminases, were studied. Mutation analysis of ATP7B gene and mRNA analysis was performed in both patients and their parents. Results: Investigations were consistent with WD, and their liver diseases improved after standard treatment for WD. DNA analyses in these two patients revealed two novel mutations, which were a deletion of the first 2bp of exon 6 (c.1870_1871delGA), and a single base substitution from A to G at nucleotide 4075 (c.4075A>G) in the exon 20 (p.M1359V). PCR-restriction digestion with Ncol restriction enzyme was employed as the second method for confirmation of the c.4075A>G mutation and for rapid screening in 100 chromosomes from unrelated healthy controls, and this variant was not present in the controls. The c.1870_1871delGA deletion caused a frameshift effect, which results in a premature stop codon (p.E624fsX753), and the p.M1359V mutation is a substitution of methionine with valine, which may have effects upon its orientation and interaction with other adjacent amino acids. Conclusion: Two novel mutations of ATP7B gene were identified in two Thai siblings with WD. ISSN: 1905-7415 Record 148 of 726 Author(s): Kruevaisayawan, H (Kruevaisayawan, Hathairat); Vanichviriyakit, R (Vanichviriyakit, Rapeepun); Weerachatyanukul, W (Weerachatyanukul, Wattana); Withyachumnarnkul, B (Withyachumnarnkul, Boonsirm); Chavadej, J (Chavadej, Jittipan); Sobhon, P (Sobhon, Prasert) Title: Oogenesis and formation of cortical rods in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Source: AQUACULTURE, 301 (1-4): 91-98 MAR 23 2010 Abstract: This study aimed to investigate morphological changes of developing oocytes during oogenesis in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon as well as elucidate the cellular pathway for the formation of cortical rods, the egg jelly precursor. The differentiating female germ cells in the mature ovary were divided into four stages (Oc(1-4)) based on the changes in ultrastructural characteristics. The prominent features in the developing oocytes (Oc(1) Oc(2) Oc(3)) were the abundance of ribosomes and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in Oc(1) and Oc(2) and the presence of yolk granules and lipid droplets in Oc(3) all indicating active synthesis of protein and lipid components. The main characteristic of the mature oocyte (Oc(4)) was the presence of cortical rods (CRs) which were composed of the tightly packed structural units each resembling a bottle-brush. Immunostaining of cortical rod proteins which were part of the structural units indicated that they were first synthesized in the RER-Golgi complex of Oc(2) and transported into the extracellular crypts of the mature oocyte (Oc(4)) where they were assembled into CRs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0044-8486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.01.018 Record 149 of 726 Author(s): Pukrittayakamee, S (Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon); Imwong, M (Imwong, Mallika); Chotivanich, K (Chotivanich, Kesinee); Singhasivanon, P (Singhasivanon, Pratap); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.) Title: A Comparison of Two Short-Course Primaquine Regimens for the Treatment and Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Thailand Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 82 (4): 542-547 APR 2010 Abstract: Thai adult males (N = 85) with acute Plasmodium vivax malaria and normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase screening were randomized to receive 30 mg or 60 mg primaquine daily for 7 days (N = 43 and 42, respectively). The regimens were well tolerated and all patients recovered fully. Median fever clearance (47 hours; range 4 to 130 hours), mean +/- SD parasite clearance times (87.7 +/- 25.3 hours), gametocyte clearance, and adverse effects were similar in the 2 groups. Two patients, 1 from each group, had a 30% reduction in hematocrit. The cumulative 28 day relapse rate (95% confidence interval) by Kaplan Meier survival analysis was 29% (16-49%) in the 30 mg group compared with 7% (2-24%) in the 60 mg group; P = 0.027. Comparison with previous data obtained at this same site suggests that the recurrences comprised approximately 17% recrudescences and 12% relapses in the 30 mg/day group compared with 3% recrudescences and 4% relapses in the 60 mg/day group. These data suggest that the dose-response relationships for primaquine's asexual stage and hypnozoitocidal activities in-vivo are different. A I week course of primaquine 60 mg daily is an effective treatment of vivax malaria in this region. ISSN: 0002-9637 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0428 Record 150 of 726 Author(s): Baowan, D (Baowan, Duangkamon); Cox, BJ (Cox, Barry J.); Hill, JM (Hill, James M.) Title: Dislodgement of carbon nanotube bundles under pressure driven flow Source: NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (15): Art. No. 155305 APR 16 2010 Abstract: Experimental and predicted flow rates through carbon nanotubes vary considerably but generally are reported to be well in excess of that predicted by the conventional Poiseuille flow, and therefore nanotubes embedded in a matrix might provide membranes with exceptional mass transport properties. In this paper, applied mathematical modelling is undertaken to estimate the three forces acting on a nanotube bundle, namely the molecular interaction force, the viscous force, and the static pressure force. In deducing estimates of these forces we introduce a modification of the notion of the effective dead area for a carbon nanotube membrane, and we calculate the total forces necessary to push one or more of the nanotubes out of the bundle, thus creating a channel through which further enhancement of flow may take place. However, careful analysis shows that the nett dislodgement force is entirely independent on the useable flow area, but rather depends only on the total cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow. This rather surprising result is a consequence of the flow being steady and a balance of the viscous and pressure forces. ISSN: 0957-4484 Article Number: 155305 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/15/155305 Record 151 of 726 Author(s): Ungsupravate, D (Ungsupravate, Duangporn); Sawasdee, N (Sawasdee, Nunghathai); Khositseth, S (Khositseth, Sookkasem); Udomchaiprasertkul, W (Udomchaiprasertkul, Wandee); Khoprasert, S (Khoprasert, Siri); Li, J (Li, Jing); Reithmeier, RAF (Reithmeier, Reinhart A. F.); Yenchitsomanus, PT (Yenchitsomanus, Pa-Thai) Title: Impaired trafficking and intracellular retention of mutant kidney anion exchanger 1 proteins (G701D and A858D) associated with distal renal tubular acidosis Source: MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY, 27 (2-3): 92-103 APR 2010 Abstract: Novel compound heterozygous mutations, G701D, a recessive mutation, and A858D, a mild dominant mutation, of human solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1 (SLC4A1) were identified in two pediatric patients with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). To examine the interaction, trafficking, and cellular localization of the wild-type and two mutant kidney AE1 (kAE1) proteins, we expressed the proteins alone or together in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. In individual expressions, wild-type kAE1 was localized at the cell surface of HEK 293T and the basolateral membrane of MDCK cells. In contrast, kAE1 G701D was mainly retained intracellularly, while kAE1 A858D was observed intracellularly and at the cell surface. In co-expression experiments, wild-type kAE1 formed heterodimers with kAE1 G701D and kAE1 A858D, and promoted the cell surface expression of the mutant proteins. The co-expressed kAE1 G701D and A858D could also form heterodimers but showed predominant intracellular retention in HEK 293T and MDCK cells. Thus impaired trafficking of the kAE1 G701D and A858D mutants would lead to a profound decrease in functional kAE1 at the basolateral membrane of alpha-intercalated cells in the distal nephron of the patients with dRTA. ISSN: 0968-7688 DOI: 10.3109/09687681003588020 Record 152 of 726 Author(s): Sataloff, RT (Sataloff, Robert T.); Praneetvatakul, P (Praneetvatakul, Phurich); Heuer, RJ (Heuer, Reinhardt J.); Hawkshaw, MJ (Hawkshaw, Mary J.); Heman-Ackah, YD (Heman-Ackah, Yolanda D.); Schneider, SM (Schneider, Sarah Marx); Mandel, S (Mandel, Steven) Title: Laryngeal Electromyography: Clinical Application Source: JOURNAL OF VOICE, 24 (2): 228-234 MAR 2010 Abstract: Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is a valuable adjunct in clinical management of patients with voice disorders. LEMG is valuable in differentiating vocal fold paresis/paralysis from cricoarytenoid joint fixation. Our data indicate that visual assessment alone is inadequate to diagnose neuromuscular dysfunction in the larynx and that diagnoses based on vocal dynamics assessment and strobovideolaryngoscopy are wrong in nearly one-third of cases, based on LEMG results. LEMG has also proven valuable in diagnosing neuromuscular dysfunction in some dysphonic patients with no obvious vocal fold movement abnormalities observed during strobovideolaryngoscopy. Review of 751 patients suggests that there is a correlation between the severity of paresis and treatment required to achieve satisfactory outcomes; that is, LEMG allows us to predict whether patients will probably require therapy alone or therapy combined with surgery. Additional evidence-based research should be encouraged to evaluate efficacy further. ISSN: 0892-1997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.08.005 Record 153 of 726 Author(s): Atichartpongkul, S (Atichartpongkul, Sopapan); Fuangthong, M (Fuangthong, Mayuree); Vattanaviboon, P (Vattanaviboon, Paiboon); Mongkolsuk, S (Mongkolsuk, Skorn) Title: Analyses of the Regulatory Mechanism and Physiological Roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OhrR, a Transcription Regulator and a Sensor of Organic Hydroperoxides Source: JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, 192 (8): 2093-2101 APR 15 2010 Abstract: ohrR encodes an organic hydroperoxide sensor and a transcriptional repressor that regulates organic hydroperoxide-inducible expression of a thiol peroxidase gene, ohr, and itself. OhrR binds directly to the operators and represses transcription of these genes. Exposure to an organic hydroperoxide leads to oxidation of OhrR and to subsequent structural changes that result in the loss of the repressor's ability to bind to the operators that allow expression of the target genes. Differential induction of ohrR and ohr by tert-butyl hydroperoxide suggests that factors such as the repressor's dissociation constants for different operators and the chemical nature of the inducer contribute to OhrR-dependent organic hydroperoxide-inducible gene expression. ohrR and ohr mutants show increased and decreased resistance to organic hydroproxides, respectively, compared to a parental strain. Moreover, the ohrR mutant had a reduced-virulence phenotype in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Caenorhabditis elegans pathogenicity model. ISSN: 0021-9193 DOI: 10.1128/JB.01510-09 Record 154 of 726 Author(s): Brouwer, AE (Brouwer, Annemarie E.); Teparrukkul, P (Teparrukkul, Praprit); Rajanuwong, A (Rajanuwong, Adul); Chierakul, W (Chierakul, Wirongrong); Mahavanakul, W (Mahavanakul, Weera); Chantratita, W (Chantratita, Wasun); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Harrison, TS (Harrison, Thomas S.) Title: Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Viral Load During Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis Source: JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES, 53 (5): 668-669 APR 2010 ISSN: 1525-4135 DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ba489a Record 155 of 726 Author(s): Krittayaphong, R (Krittayaphong, Rungroj); Boonyasirinant, T (Boonyasirinant, Thananya); Chaithiraphan, V (Chaithiraphan, Vithaya); Maneesai, A (Maneesai, Adisak); Saiviroonporn, P (Saiviroonporn, Pairash); Nakyen, S (Nakyen, Supaporn); Thanapiboonpol, P (Thanapiboonpol, Prajak); Yindeengam, A (Yindeengam, Ahthit); Udompanturak, S (Udompanturak, Suthipol) Title: Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement in hypertensive patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING, 26: 123-131 Suppl. 1 FEB 2010 Abstract: To determine the prognosis of a myocardial scar assessed by a late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in hypertensive patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with systemic hypertension with known or suspected CAD without a clinical history of myocardial infarction were enrolled. All patients underwent CMR for assessment of cardiac function and LGE. Prognostic data was determined by the occurrence of a hard cardiac endpoint, defined as cardiac death or a non-fatal myocardial infarction, or major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as cardiac death, a non-fatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization due to heart failure, unstable angina, or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. A total of 1,644 patients were enrolled; 48% were males and the mean age was 65 +/- 11 years. The average follow-up time was 863 +/- 559 days. Four hundred fifty-three (28%) patients had LGE. LGE was the strongest and most independent predictor for hard events and MACEs with hazard ratios of 4.77 and 3.38, respectively. Other independent predictors of hard events and MACEs were left ventricular ejection fraction and mass, the use of a beta-blocker, and a history of heart failure. The risk of cardiac events increased as the extent of LGE increased; the hazard ratio was 12.74 for hard events for those with a LGE >20% of the myocardium. LGE is the most important and independent predictor for cardiac events in hypertensive patients with known or suspected CAD. ISSN: 1569-5794 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-009-9574-7 Record 156 of 726 Author(s): Manguin, S (Manguin, S.); Bangs, MJ (Bangs, M. J.); Pothikasikorn, J (Pothikasikorn, J.); Chareonviriyaphap, T (Chareonviriyaphap, T.) Title: Review on global co-transmission of human Plasmodium species and Wuchereria bancrofti by Anopheles mosquitoes Source: INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, 10 (2): 159-177 MAR 2010 Abstract: Malaria and lymphatic filariasis are two of the most common mosquito-borne parasitic diseases worldwide which can occur as concomitant human infections while also sharing common mosquito vectors. This review presents the most recent available information on the co-transmission of human Plasmodium species and Wuchereria bancrofti by Anopheles mosquitoes. Important biological and epidemiological aspects are also described including the lifecycle of each parasite species and their specificities, the geographical biodiversity of each pathogen and their vectors where the parasites are co-endemic, and biological, environmental and climatic determinants influencing transmission. The co-transmission of each disease is illustrated from both a global perspective and a country level using Thailand as a study case. Different diagnostic methods are provided for the detection of the parasites in biological samples ranging from traditional to more recent molecular methods, including methodologies employing concomitant detection assays of W. bancrofti and Plasmodium spp. parasites. The relevant issues of combined malaria and Bancroftian filariasis control strategies are reviewed and discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1567-1348 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.014 Record 157 of 726 Author(s): Henry, A (Henry, A.); Thongsripong, P (Thongsripong, P.); Fonseca-Gonzalez, I (Fonseca-Gonzalez, I.); Jaramillo-Ocampo, N (Jaramillo-Ocampo, N.); Dujardin, JP (Dujardin, Jean-Pierre) Title: Wing shape of dengue vectors from around the world. Source: INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, 10 (2): 207-214 MAR 2010 Abstract: Wing shape is increasingly utilized in species identification and characterization. For dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, it could be used as a complement for ensuring accurate diagnostic of damaged specimens. However, the impact of world migration on wing shape is unknown. Has the spread of these invasive species increased shape variation to the extent of producing interspecific overlapping? To answer this question, the geometric patterns of wing venation in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were compared between natural populations from the Pacific Islands, North and South America and South East Asia. The geometry of 178 female and 174 male wings were described at 13 anatomical landmarks, and processed according to Procrustes superposition, partial warps and subsequent multivariate analyzes. The variation of shape did not produce significant interspecific overlapping. Regardless of geographic origin, Ae. aegypti was recognized as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus as Ae. albopictus. Some significant geographic differentiation was observed in Colombia for Ae. aegypti and in Thailand for Ae. albopictus. Globally, the morphology of these mosquitoes, for both size and shape, appeared well preserved. Strong canalizing mechanisms could account for the observed patterns of relatively uniform morphology, which could also be attributed to sporadic, recurrent mixing of populations, thwarting phenotypic drift. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1567-1348 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.12.001 Record 158 of 726 Author(s): Bouyer, J (Bouyer, Jeremy); Ravel, S (Ravel, Sophie); Guerrini, L (Guerrini, Laure); Dujardin, JP (Dujardin, Jean-Pierre); Sidibe, I (Sidibe, Issa); Vreysen, MJB (Vreysen, Marc J. B.); Solano, P (Solano, Philippe); De Meeus, T (De Meeus, Thierry) Title: Population structure of Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae) between river basins in Burkina Faso: Consequences for area-wide integrated pest management Source: INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, 10 (2): 321-328 MAR 2010 Abstract: African animal trypanosomosis is a major obstacle to the development of more efficient and sustainable livestock production systems in West Africa. Riverine tsetse species such as Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank are their major vectors. A wide variety of control tactics is available to manage these vectors, but their elimination will only be sustainable if control is exercised following area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) principles, i.e. the control effort is targeting an entire tsetse population within a circumscribed area. In the present study, genetic variation at microsatellite DNA loci was used to examine the population structure of G. p. gambiensis inhabiting two adjacent river basins, i.e. the Comoe and the Mouhoun River basins in Burkina Faso. A remote sensing analysis revealed that the woodland savannah habitats between the river basins have remained unchanged during the last two decades. In addition, genetic variation was studied in two populations that were separated by a man-made lake originating from a dam built in 1991 on the Comoe Low genetic differentiation was observed between the samples from the Mouhoun and the Comoe River basins and no differentiation was found between the samples separated by the dam. The data presented indicate that the overall genetic differentiation of G. p. gambiensis populations inhabiting two adjacent river basins in Burkina Faso is low (F-ST = 0.016). The results of this study suggest that either G. p. gambiensis populations from the Mouhoun are not isolated from those of the Comoe, or that the isolation is too recent to be detected. If elimination of the G. p. gambiensis population from the Mouhoun River basin is the selected control strategy, re-invasion from adjacent river basins may need to be prevented by establishing a buffer zone between the Mouhoun and the other river basin(s). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1567-1348 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.12.009 Record 159 of 726 Author(s): Chanplakorn, N (Chanplakorn, Niramol); Chanplakorn, P (Chanplakorn, Pongsthorn); Suzuki, T (Suzuki, Takashi); Ono, K (Ono, Katsuhiko); Chan, MSM (Chan, Monica S. M.); Miki, Y (Miki, Yasuhiro); Saji, S (Saji, Shigetoyo); Ueno, T (Ueno, Takayuki); Toi, M (Toi, Masakazu); Sasano, H (Sasano, Hironobu) Title: Increased estrogen sulfatase (STS) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(17 beta-HSD1) following neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer patients Source: BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT, 120 (3): 639-648 APR 2010 Abstract: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are considered the gold standard for endocrine therapy of estrogen receptor (ER) positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. The therapy may enhance therapeutic response and stabilize disease but resistance and disease progression inevitably occur in the patients. These are considered at least partly due to an emergence of alternative intratumoral estrogen production pathways. Therefore, in this study we evaluated effects of exemestane (EXE) upon the enzymes involved in intratumoral estrogen production including estrogen sulfatase (STS), 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17 beta-HSD1), and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) and correlated the findings with therapeutic responses including Ki67 labeling index (Ki67). 116 postmenopausal patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, stage II/IIIa, were enrolled in JFMC34-0601 clinical trials between March, 2006 and January, 2008. EXE of 25 mg/day was administered according to the protocol. Pre- and posttreatment specimens of 49 cases were available for this study. Status of STS, EST, 17 beta-HSD1, ER, progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (Her2), and Ki67 in pre- and post-specimens were evaluated. Specimens examined before the therapy demonstrated following features; ER+ (100%), PgR+ (85.7%), and Her2+ (77.6%). After treatment, the number of Ki67, PgR, and ER positive carcinoma cells demonstrated significant decrement in clinical response (CliR) and pathological response (PaR) groups. Significant increment of 17 beta-HSD1 and STS immunoreactivity was detected in all groups examined except for STS in PaR. EST showed significant increment in nonresponsive groups. Alterations of Ki67 of carcinoma cells before and after therapy were subclassified into three groups according to its degrees. Significant alterations of intratumoral enzymes, especially 17 beta-HSD1 and STS, were correlated with Ki67 reduction after neoadjuvant EXE therapy. This is the first study demonstrating significant increment of STS and 17 beta-HSD1 following AI neoadjuvant therapy of postmenopausal ER positive breast carcinoma patients. This increment may represent the compensatory response of breast carcinoma tissues to estrogen depletion. ISSN: 0167-6806 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0785-3 Record 160 of 726 Author(s): Kaewsuwan, S (Kaewsuwan, Songsri); Bunyapraphatsara, N (Bunyapraphatsara, Nantavan); Cove, DJ (Cove, David J.); Quatrano, RS (Quatrano, Ralph S.); Chodok, P (Chodok, Pichit) Title: High level production of adrenic acid in Physcomitrella patens using the algae Pavlova sp Delta(5)-elongase gene Source: BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 101 (11): 4081-4088 JUN 2010 Abstract: Adrenic acid (ADA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has attracted much interest due to its pharmaceutical potential. Exploiting the wealth of information currently available on in planta oil biosynthesis, and coupling this information with the tool of genetic engineering, it is now feasible to deliberately alter fatty acid biosynthetic pathways to generate unique oils in commodity crops. In this study, a Delta(5)-elongase gene from the algae Pavlova sp. related to the biosynthesis of C-22 PUFAs was targeted to enable production of ADA in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Heterologous expression of this gene was under the control of a tandemly duplicate 355 promoter. It was established that ADA (0.42 mg/l) was synthesized in P. patens from endogenous arachidonic acid (ARA) via the expressed Pavlova sp. Delta(5)-elongase in the moss. In an attempt to maximize ADA production, medium optimization was effected by the response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in a significant elevation of ADA (4.51 mg/l) production under optimum conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the expression of a PUFA synthesizing enzyme in non-seed lower plant without supplying the exogenous fatty acid. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0960-8524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.138 Record 161 of 726 Author(s): Chu, C (Chu, Carmen); Woods, N (Woods, Naomi); Sawasdee, N (Sawasdee, Nunghathai); Guizouarn, H (Guizouarn, Helene); Pellissier, B (Pellissier, Bernard); Borgese, F (Borgese, Franck); Yenchitsomanus, PT (Yenchitsomanus, Pa-thai); Gowrishankar, M (Gowrishankar, Manjula); Cordat, E (Cordat, Emmanuelle) Title: Band 3 Edmonton I, a novel mutant of the anion exchanger 1 causing spherocytosis and distal renal tubular acidosis Source: BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 426: 379-388 Part 3 MAR 15 2010 Abstract: dRTA (distal renal tubular acidosis) and HS (hereditary spherocytosis) are two diseases that call be caused by mutations in the gene encoding the AE1 (anion exchanger I; Band 3). dRTA is characterized by defective Urinary acidification, leading to metabolic acidosis, renal stories and failure to thrive. HS results in anaemia, which may require regular blood transfusions and splenectomy. Mutations in the gene encoding AE1 rarely cause both HS and dRTA. the present paper, we describe a novel AE1 mutation, Band 3 Edmonton 1, which causes dominant HS and recessive dRTA. The patient is a compound heterozygote with the new mutation C479W and the previously described mutation G701D. Red blood cells from the patient presented a reduced amount of AE1. Expression in a kidney cell line showed that kAE1 (kidney AE1) C479W is retained intracellullarly. As kAE1 is a dimer. we performed co-expression studies and found that, in kidney cells, kAE1 C479W and G701D proteins traffic independently from each other despite their ability to form heterodimers. Therefore the patient carries one kAE1 mutant that is retained in the Golgi (G701D) and another mutant (C479W) located in the endoplasmic reticulum of kidney cells, and is thus probably unable to reabsorb bicarbonate into the blood. We conclude that the C479W mutant is a novel trafficking mutant of AE1, which causes HS due to a decreased cell-surface AE1 protein and results in dRTA due to its intracellular retention in kidney. ISSN: 0264-6021 DOI: 10.1042/BJ20091525 Record 162 of 726 Author(s): Thonpho, A (Thonpho, Ansaya); Sereeruk, C (Sereeruk, Chutima); Rojvirat, P (Rojvirat, Pinnara); Jitrapakdee, S (Jitrapakdee, Sarawut) Title: Identification of the cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE) that mediates transcriptional regulation of the pyruvate carboxylase gene in HepG2 cells Source: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 393 (4): 714-719 MAR 19 2010 Abstract: Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the first committed step in gluconeogenesis. Here we investigated the effect of various hormones including cAMP, dexamethasone and insulin on the abundance of PC mRNA in the human hepatocyte cell line, HepG2. Treatment of HepG2 cells with 1 mu M of glucagon increased the expression of PC mRNA threefold within 72 h. Treatment with 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP caused the abundance of PC mRNA to increase by 2-3-fold by 48 h, peak at fourfold at 72 h, and remain unchanged to 96 h. This is in contrast to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for which expression was decreased after 72 h, suggesting a distinct difference in the control of these two enzymes in the long term. Dexamethasone or insulin alone did not affect the abundance of PC mRNA whereas treatment of HepG2 cells with the combination of 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP and 0.5 mu M dexamethasone further increased the abundance of PC mRNA, suggesting the predominant role of 8-Br-cAMP over dexamethasone. Transient transfection of the luciferase reporter construct driven by a 1.95 kbp 5'-flanking sequence of the mouse PC gene and a plasmid encoding the human cAMP-responsive element binding protein increased luciferase reporter activity to 7-fold similar to that observed with a PEPCK promoter-luciferase reporter construct. Deletion of the 5'-flanking region of the PC gene to 781 bp resulted in the complete loss of CREB-mediated induction of reporter gene, suggesting the presence of the cAMP-responsive unit is located between 1.95 kbp and 781 bp upstream of the mouse PC gene. Electrophoretic mobility shifted and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that CREB bind to 1639/-1631 CRE of mouse PC gene in vitro and in vivo, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0006-291X DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.067 Record 163 of 726 Author(s): Chearskul, S (Chearskul, Supornpim); Pummoung, S (Pummoung, Sudaporn); Vongsaiyat, S (Vongsaiyat, Siriporn); Janyachailert, P (Janyachailert, Patriya); Phattharayuttawat, S (Phattharayuttawat, Sucheera) Title: Thai version of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Source: APPETITE, 54 (2): 410-413 APR 2010 Abstract: The English version of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was translated into the Thai language. The TFEQ Thai version shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities. Restraint and disinhibition scores, which were higher in females than males were correlated with body fat but did not relate to BMI. Disinhibition varied positively with restraint and hunger while restraint was negatively associated with hunger. Lowest restraint was shown in the group that reported liking carbohydrate, which is a major daily macronutrient among Thai populations. TFEQ Thai version is valid for future study of eating behaviors associated with health problems and diseases. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0195-6663 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.01.005 Record 164 of 726 Author(s): Sermsri, W (Sermsri, Wimut); Jarujamrus, P (Jarujamrus, Purim); Shiowatana, J (Shiowatana, Juwadee); Siripinyanond, A (Siripinyanond, Atitaya) Title: Flow field-flow fractionation: a versatile approach for size characterization of alpha-tocopherol-induced enlargement of gold nanoparticles Source: ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 396 (8): 3079-3085 APR 2010 Abstract: Flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) was used for size characterization of gold nanoparticles. The measured particle sizes obtained from FlFFF for the commercial 10 nm gold nanoparticle standard and the gold nanoparticles synthesized in the laboratory were in good agreement with those measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, the capability of alpha-tocopherol to induce enlargement of gold nanoparticles by catalysis of the reduction of AuCl (4) (-) by citrate was observed by monitoring the changes in particle size of gold nanoparticles using FlFFF. The effects of alpha-tocopherol and incubation time on enlargement of the gold nanoparticles were examined. Higher concentrations of alpha-tocopherol resulted in larger nanoparticles. At fixed alpha-tocopherol concentration, larger nanoparticles were formed at longer incubation times. ISSN: 1618-2642 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3511-4 Record 165 of 726 Author(s): Vanichapuntu, M (Vanichapuntu, Monchand); Phuekfon, P (Phuekfon, Puchaniyada); Suwannalai, P (Suwannalai, Parawee); Verasertniyom, O (Verasertniyom, Oravan); Nantiruj, K (Nantiruj, Kanokrat); Janwityanujit, S (Janwityanujit, Suchela) Title: Are anti-citrulline autoantibodies better serum markers for rheumatoid arthritis than rheumatoid factor in Thai population? Source: RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 30 (6): 755-759 APR 2010 Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of anti-citrulline antibodies (anti-CCP) versus rheumatoid factor (RF) in a cohort of Thai patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a variety of rheumatic diseases other than RA and healthy controls. The association between anti-CCP and RA disease activity was also examined. Serum from 125 RA patients, 60 from other rheumatic diseases (non-RA) and 60 from healthy controls were tested for IgM RF and second generation anti-CCP. The association between anti-CCP, RF, the Disease Activity Score (DAS 28) and other relevant laboratory tests (CBC, ESR and CRP) were assessed. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP antibody were 58.7 and 100% when compared with 63.5 and 98.3% for RF. These differences were not statistically significant. The anti-CCP outperformed RF in terms of the positive-predictive values (100 vs. 97.6%); however, the negative-predictive values were 72.4% for RF and 69.6% for anti-CCP. The sensitivity when either anti-CCP or RF was positive increased to 71.2%. Nine out of 45 RF-negative patients had a positive anti-CCP test. Anti-CCP was significantly correlated with parameters of inflammation, but not with DAS 28. In conclusion, although anti-CCP is better than RF in distinguishing RA from other rheumatic diseases, its cost, which is 3.3 times higher than the RF test precludes it from replacing RF as a serum marker for Thai patients with RA. The treatment decisions cannot be based on the test alone, as it has no correlation with DAS 28. Its usefulness is in patients with suspected RA who have had a negative RF test. ISSN: 0172-8172 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1058-5 Record 166 of 726 Author(s): Chatdarong, K (Chatdarong, K.); Thuwanut, P (Thuwanut, P.); Manee-in, S (Manee-in, S.); Lohachit, C (Lohachit, C.); Axner, E (Axner, E.) Title: Effects of Thawing Temperature and Post-thaw Dilution on the Quality of Cat Spermatozoa Source: REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 45 (2): 221-227 APR 2010 Abstract: Contents The present study aimed to compare cat sperm quality after thawing using two different temperatures (37 and 70 degrees C) and to investigate the effects of post-thaw dilution on the sperm quality and longevity of ejaculated cat spermatozoa. Six ejaculates of each of six male cats were collected using an electroejaculator (total 36 ejaculates). The semen was frozen in 0.25-ml straws using a Tris egg yolk extender containing Equex STM paste. Four straws prepared from each ejaculate were thawed at four different occasions; (i) at 37 degrees C for 15 s, (ii) at 37 degrees C for 15 s and diluted 1 : 2 with Tris buffer (v/v), (iii) at 70 degrees C for 6 s, (iv) at 70 degrees C for 6 s and diluted 1 : 2 with Tris buffer (v/v). The percentages of motile spermatozoa, the scores of progressive motility, the percentages of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane (using SYBR-14/EthD-1 stains) and intact acrosome (using fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated peanut agglutinin/propidium iodide stains) were evaluated in fresh semen at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h after thawing. The thawing temperature had no effect on any sperm parameters throughout the incubation period (p > 0.05). The dilution after thawing improved sperm motility, progressive motility and acrosome integrity (p < 0.05). The thawing of cat spermatozoa and subsequently diluting with Tris buffer resulted in an immediate (at 0 h) overall (combined over temperature) percentage of motile sperm of 64.8 +/- 10.7 (mean +/- SD), a score of progressive motility of 4.0 +/- 0.5, a percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane of 64.4 +/- 12.1 and intact acrosome of 44.8 +/- 20.2. In conclusion, frozen cat semen can be thawed either at 37 or 70 degrees C and post-thaw dilution is recommended to reduce the toxic effect of some ingredients in the extender during post-thaw incubation. ISSN: 0936-6768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01218.x Record 167 of 726 Author(s): Geibprasert, S (Geibprasert, Sasikhan); Pongpech, S (Pongpech, Sirintara); Jiarakongmun, P (Jiarakongmun, Pakorn); Shroff, MM (Shroff, Manohar M.); Armstrong, DC (Armstrong, Derek C.); Krings, T (Krings, Timo) Title: Radiologic Assessment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: What Clinicians Need to Know Source: RADIOGRAPHICS, 30 (2): 483-501 MAR 2010 Abstract: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal vascular connections within the brain that are presumably congenital in nature. There are several subgroups, the most common being glomerular type brain AVMs, with fistulous type AVMs being less common. A brain AVM may also be a part of more extensive disease (eg, cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome). When intracranial pathologic vessels are encountered at cross-sectional imaging, other diagnoses must also be considered, including large developmental venous anomalies, malignant dural arteriovenous fistulas, and moyamoya disease, since these entities are known to have different natural histories and require different treatment options. Several imaging findings in brain AVMs have an impact on decision making with respect to clinical management; the most important are those known to be associated with risk of future hemorrhage, including evidence of previous hemorrhage, intranidal aneurysms, venous stenosis, deep venous drainage, and deep location of the nidus. Other imaging findings that should be included in the radiology report are secondary effects caused by brain AVMs that may lead to nonhemorrhagic neurologic deficits, such as venous congestion, gliosis, hydrocephalus, or arterial steal. (C)RSNA, 2010.radiographics.rsna.org ISSN: 0271-5333 DOI: 10.1148/rg.302095728 Record 168 of 726 Author(s): Okamoto, M (Okamoto, Munehiro); Nakao, M (Nakao, Minoru); Blair, D (Blair, David); Anantaphruti, MT (Anantaphruti, Malinee T.); Waikagul, J (Waikagul, Jitra); Ito, A (Ito, Akira) Title: Evidence of hybridization between Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica Source: PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 59 (1): 70-74 MAR 2010 Abstract: There has long been a debate as to the specific status of the cestode Taenia asiatica, with some people regarding it as a distinct species and some preferring to recognize it as a strain of Taenia saginata. The balance of current opinion seems to be that T asiatica is a distinct species. In this study we performed an allelic analysis to explore the possibility of gene exchange between these closely related taxa. In total, 38 taeniid tapeworms were collected from humans living in many localities including Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand where the two species are sympatric. A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-based multiplex PCR tentatively identified those parasites as T. asiatica (n = 20) and T. saginata (n = 18). Phylogenetic analyses of a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene and two nuclear loci, for elongation factor-1 alpha (ef1) and ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM)-like protein (elp), assigned all except two individual parasites to the species indicated by multiplex PCR. The two exceptional individuals, from Kanchanaburi Province, showed a discrepancy between the mtDNA and nuclear DNA phylogenies. In spite of their possession of sequences typical of the T saginata cox1 gene, both were homozygous at the elp locus for one of the alleles found in T asiatica. At the ef1 locus, one individual was homozygous for the allele found at high frequency in T. asiatica while the other was homozygous for the major allele in T. saginata. These findings are evidence of occasional hybridization between the two species, although the possibility of retention of ancestral polymorphism cannot be excluded. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1383-5769 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2009.10.007 Record 169 of 726 Author(s): Kitkumthorn, N (Kitkumthorn, N.); Mutirangura, A (Mutirangura, A.) Title: LINE-1 methylation difference between ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor Source: ORAL DISEASES, 16 (3): 286-291 APR 2010 Abstract: Objective: Global hypomethylation is a common epigenetic event in cancer. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and ameloblastoma are different tumors but posses the same tissue in origin. Here, we investigated long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) methylation status between ameloblastoma and KCOT. Materials and methods: We studied the methylation levels of the long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) in ameloblastoma and KCOT. After collecting ameloblastoma cells and epithelium lining cells of KCOT by laser capture microdissection from paraffin embedded tissue, combined bisulfite restriction analysis of LINE-1 (COBRALINE-1) was performed to measure LINE-1 methylation levels. Results: The LINE-1 methylation level in KCOT (53.16 +/- 12.03%) was higher than that in ameloblastoma (36.90 +/- 16.52%), with a statistical significance of P = 0.001. The ranges of LINE-1 methylation of both lesions were not associated with either age or sex. Conclusion: We found LINE-1 hypomethylation levels between ameloblastoma and KCOT are different. Therefore, global methylations between these tumors are processed differently. ISSN: 1354-523X DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01640.x Record 170 of 726 Author(s): Toskulkao, T (Toskulkao, Tipa); Pornchai, R (Pornchai, Ruchee); Akkarapatumwong, V (Akkarapatumwong, Varaporn); Vatanatunyakum, S (Vatanatunyakum, Smith); Govitrapong, P (Govitrapong, Piyarat) Title: Alteration of lymphocyte opioid receptors in methadone maintenance subjects Source: NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL, 56 (2): 285-290 JAN 2010 Abstract: Methadone maintenance therapy is the most widely used treatment in patients with heroin addiction. Multiple studies have suggested that both current and former heroin addicts entering a methadone maintenance treatment program have altered immune function. Our previous study indicated that heroin addicts have depressed mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and a decrease in the modulation of lymphocyte surface markers. This immunosuppression may be mediated via the direct interaction of opiates with lymphocyte opioid receptors. In order to test this hypothesis, the levels of opioid receptors on immune cells obtained from heroin users were determined using saturation binding, and it was found that former heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment had a significantly reduced maximum number (B-max) of [H-3]naloxone binding. The B-max values were 51.3 +/- 7.6 fmol/mg protein for the non-addicted group and 25.3 +/- 3.1 fmol/mg protein for the methadone maintenance group. Opioid receptor gene expression on the immune cell was determined using a semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction technique with specific pairs of primers to amplify mu-and delta-opioid receptor mRNAs. Both types of mRNAs were significantly decreased in lymphocytes obtained from the former heroin addicts on methadone maintenance subjects. Similarly, in an in vitro study, 100 mu M methadone significantly down-regulated both mu- and delta-opioid receptor mRNA expressions in cultured lymphocytes obtained from naive subjects. This effect was prevented by including 100 mu M naloxone or pretreating with 50 ng/ml pertussis toxin. The data presented indicate that chronic opiate exposure was associated with down-regulation of G-protein-coupled opioid receptor gene expression in human lymphocytes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0197-0186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.10.013 Record 171 of 726 Author(s): Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.); Yeung, S (Yeung, Shunmay); White, L (White, Lisa); Nguon, C (Nguon, Chea); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Socheat, D (Socheat, Duong); von Seidlein, L (von Seidlein, Lorenz) Title: Artemisinin resistance: current status and scenarios for containment Source: NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY, 8 (4): 272-280 APR 2010 Abstract: Artemisinin combination therapies are the first-line treatments for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most malaria-endemic countries. Recently, partial artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum malaria has emerged on the Cambodia-Thailand border. Exposure of the parasite population to artemisinin monotherapies in subtherapeutic doses for over 30 years, and the availability of substandard artemisinins, have probably been the main driving force in the selection of the resistant phenotype in the region. A multifaceted containment programme has recently been launched, including early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, decreasing drug pressure, optimising vector control, targeting the mobile population, strengthening management and surveillance systems, and operational research. Mathematical modelling can be a useful tool to evaluate possible strategies for containment. ISSN: 1740-1526 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2331 Record 172 of 726 Author(s): Utispan, K (Utispan, Kusumawadee); Thuwajit, P (Thuwajit, Peti); Abiko, Y (Abiko, Yoshimitsu); Charngkaew, K (Charngkaew, Komgrid); Paupairoj, A (Paupairoj, Anucha); Chau-in, S (Chau-in, Siri); Thuwajit, C (Thuwajit, Chanitra) Title: Gene expression profiling of cholangiocarcinoma-derived fibroblast reveals alterations related to tumor progression and indicates periostin as a poor prognostic marker Source: MOLECULAR CANCER, 9: Art. No. 13 JAN 24 2010 Abstract: Background: Fibroblasts play important roles in several cancers. It was hypothesized that cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)-associated fibroblasts (Cfs) differ from non-tumorigenic liver fibroblasts (Lfs) in their gene expression profiles resulting in the capability to promote cancer. Periostin (PN) is a multi-functional protein and has emerged as a promising marker for tumor progression. The role of PN in CCA, however, has not yet been explored. Results: In this study, the gene expression profile of Cfs in comparison to Lfs was performed using oligonucleotide microarrays. The common-and unique-expressed genes in Cfs and the promising roles in cancer promotion and progression were determined. PN was markedly over-expressed in Cfs confirmed by real time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry examination of a number of patients with intrahepatic CCA showed the expression of PN solely in stromal fibroblasts, but was expressed neither in cancer cells nor immune cells. Low to no expression of PN was observed in tissues of benign liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. CCA patients with high levels of PN had significantly shorter survival time than those with low levels (P = 0.026). Multivariate analysis revealed high levels of PN (P = 0.045) and presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) as independent poor prognostic factors. The in vitro study revealed that recombinant PN induced CCA cell proliferation and invasion. Interestingly, interference RNA against integrin alpha(5) significantly reduced the cellular response to PN-stimulated proliferation and invasion. Conclusion: The gene expression profile of fibroblasts in CCA is apparently explored for the first time and has determined the genes involving in induction of this cancer progression. High PN can be used to distinguish CCA from other related liver diseases and is proposed as a prognostic factor of poor survival. Regulation of fibroblast-derived PN in CCA proliferation and invasion may be considered as an alternative therapeutic approach. ISSN: 1476-4598 Article Number: 13 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-13 Record 173 of 726 Author(s): Choowongkomon, K (Choowongkomon, Kiattawee); Theppabutr, S (Theppabutr, Sasikrit); Songtawee, N (Songtawee, Napat); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Woodrow, CJ (Woodrow, Charles J.); Imwong, M (Imwong, Mallika) Title: Computational analysis of binding between malarial dihydrofolate reductases and anti-folates Source: MALARIA JOURNAL, 9: Art. No. 65 MAR 2 2010 Abstract: Background: Plasmodium falciparum readily develops resistance to the anti-folates pyrimethamine and proguanil via a characteristic set of mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) gene that leads to reduced competitive drug binding at the enzyme's active site. Analogous mutations can be found in the DHFR gene in isolates of Plasmodium vivax (PvDHFR) although anti-folates have not been widely used for the treatment of this infection. Here the interactions between DHFR inhibitors and modelled structures of the DHFR enzymes of Plasmodium malariae (PmDHFR) and Plasmodium ovale (PoDHFR) are described, along with an investigation of the effect of recently reported mutations within PmDHFR. Methods: DHFR models for PmDHFR and PoDHFR were constructed using the solved PfDHFR-TS and PvDHFR structures respectively as templates. The modelled structures were docked with three DHFR inhibitors as ligands and more detailed interactions were explored via simulation of molecular dynamics. Results: Highly accurate models were obtained containing sets of residues that mediate ligand binding which are highly comparable to those mediating binding in known crystal structures. Within this set, there were differences in the relative contribution of individual residues to inhibitor binding. Modelling of PmDHFR mutant sequences revealed that PmDHFR I170M was associated with a significant reduction in binding energy to all DHFR inhibitors studied, while the other predicted resistance mutations had lesser or no effects on ligand binding. Conclusions: Binding of DHFR inhibitors to the active sites of all four Plasmodium enzymes is broadly similar, being determined by an analogous set of seven residues. PmDHFR mutations found in field isolates influenced inhibitor interactions to a varying extent. In the case of the isolated I170M mutation, the loss of interaction with pyrimethamine suggests that DHFR-inhibitor interactions in P. malariae are different to those seen for DHFRs from P. falciparum and P. vivax. ISSN: 1475-2875 Article Number: 65 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-65 Record 174 of 726 Author(s): Bumrungpert, A (Bumrungpert, Akkarach); Kalpravidh, RW (Kalpravidh, Ruchaneekorn W.); Chuang, CC (Chuang, Chia-Chi); Overman, A (Overman, Angel); Martinez, K (Martinez, Kristina); Kennedy, A (Kennedy, Arion); McIntosh, M (McIntosh, Michael) Title: Xanthones from Mangosteen Inhibit Inflammation in Human Macrophages and in Human Adipocytes Exposed to Macrophage-Conditioned Media Source: JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 140 (4): 842-847 APR 2010 Abstract: Obesity-associated inflammation is characterized by recruitment of macrophages (M Phi) into white adipose tissue (WAT) and production of inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance. The xanthones, alpha- and gamma-mangostin (MG), are major bioactive compounds found in mangosteen that are reported to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, we examined the efficacy of MG to prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in human M Phi (differentiated U937 cells) and cross-talk with primary cultures of newly differentiated human adipocytes. We found that alpha- and gamma-MG attenuated LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 in a dose-dependent manner in MO. We also found that alpha- and gamma-MG attenuated LPS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and activator protein (AP)-1, but only gamma-MG reduced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). In addition, alpha- and gamma-MG attenuated LPS suppression of PPAR gamma gene expression in a close-dependent manner. Notably, the ability of M Phi-conditioned media to cause inflammation and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes was attenuated by pretreating M Phi with gamma-MG. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MG attenuates LPS-mediated inflammation in M Phi and insulin resistance in adipocytes, possibly by preventing the activation of MAPK, NF-kappa B, and AP-1, which are central to inflammatory cytokine production in WAT. J. Nutr. 140: 842-847, 2010. ISSN: 0022-3166 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.120022 Record 175 of 726 Author(s): Pongsumpun, P (Pongsumpun, Puntani); Tang, IM (Tang, I-Ming) Title: IMPACT OF CROSS-BORDER MIGRATION ON DISEASE EPIDEMICS: CASE OF THE P-FALCIPARUM AND P-VIVAX MALARIA EPIDEMIC ALONG THE THAI-MYANMAR BORDER Source: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, 18 (1): 55-73 FEB 2010 Abstract: The transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in a mixed population of Thais and migrant Burmese living along the Thai-Myanmar border is studied through a mathematical model. The population is separated into two groups: Thai and Burmese. Each population in turn is divided into susceptible, infected, recovered and in case of vivax infection, a dormant subclass. The model is then modified to allow for some of the Burmese (given as a fraction P) to be infectious when they enter into Thailand. The behaviour of the modified model is obtained using a standard dynamical analysis. A new basic reproduction number is obtained. Numerical simulations of the modified model show that when P not equal 0 and the same set of parameter values used in the initial model are used, the Thai population will be in the epidemic state. In other words, the repeated introduction of infectious Burmese (no matter how small of a number) will result in a malaria epidemic among the Thais irregardless of the public health practice undertaken by the Thai government. In the presence of the infected Burmese, the Thai government would have to increase the facilitites to treat the people who are infected by the malaria. ISSN: 0218-3390 DOI: 10.1142/S0218339010003147 Record 176 of 726 Author(s): Thamlikitkul, V (Thamlikitkul, Visanu); Trakulsomboon, S (Trakulsomboon, Suwanna) Title: In vitro activity of biapenem against Burkholderia pseudomallei Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS, 35 (5): 514-514 MAY 2010 ISSN: 0924-8579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.01.002 Record 177 of 726 Author(s): Muangpaisan, W (Muangpaisan, Weerasak); Brayne, C (Brayne, Carol) Group Author(s): Alzheimers Soc Vasc Dementia Syste Title: Systematic review of statins for the prevention of vascular dementia or dementia Source: GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 10 (2): 199-208 APR 2010 Abstract: Aim: Non-hypolipidemic effects of statins, known as pleiotropic effects, are likely to explain the effect of statins on dementia. Results of the relationship between statins and dementia in previous studies are conflicting. There is no systematic review investigating the effect of statins on vascular dementia (VaD). This systematic review evaluates the role of statins in the prevention of VaD or dementia. The possible causes of conflicting results in the existing published work will be explored. Methods: Relevant studies were systematically identified and reviewed. The Cochrane Controlled Trials and three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycInfo) were searched. The selection criteria were defined a priori. Included studies were rated by quality assessment checklists and two independent reviewers. Results: Six studies in dementia, two studies in VaD (one study reported both dementia and VaD) and two meta-analyses met the selection criteria. The studies covered 1372 cases of dementia from 14 430 participants and 116 cases of VaD from 4924 participants from the USA and UK. There was no association between statin use and risk of VaD. The protective effect of statins on dementia was demonstrated only in a nested case-control study of lower quality and one recently published cohort study. In most other cohort and high quality studies, statin use did not show a beneficial effect. Conclusion: Study design differences among the studies and methodological shortcomings may have resulted in different outcomes. On the basis of these conflicting results, statins could not be recommended as a preventative treatment for dementia. ISSN: 1444-1586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00579.x Record 178 of 726 Author(s): Vayachuta, L (Vayachuta, Lapporn); Phinyocheep, P (Phinyocheep, Pranee); Derouet, D (Derouet, Daniel); Pascual, S (Pascual, Sagrario) Title: Synthesis of ATRP macroinitiator based on synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene and its application for graft polymerization of MMA Source: E-POLYMERS: Art. No. 029 MAR 13 2010 Abstract: Modification of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI) into bromoalkyl-functionalized polyisoprene (PIBr), an ATRP macroinitiator, was investigated by two-step chemical reaction. The PI was partially epoxidized into epoxidized polyisoprene (EPI) using m-chloroperbenzoic acid, then the EPI was transformed into PIBr by reaction with 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid. The results from H-1 NMR revealed that the addition product occurs in competition with epoxide ring rearrangement. The amount of bromoalkyl functionalized units was determined from H-1 NMR spectra. The graft polymerization of MMA using ATRP technique from macroinitiator units in PIBr was investigated using three different ligands, i.e. N-(n-octyl)-2-pyridylmethanimine (NOPMI), N-(n-octadecyl)-2-pyridylmethanimine (NODPMI) and 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), resulting in formation of graft copolymer of PI and PMMA. The PMMA grafts were successfully separated from the PI backbone using acidolysis for studying their number-average molecular weights ((M) over bar (n,SEC)) and polydispersity indexes (PDI). All of the ligands used give a increase of (M) over bar (n) with MMA conversion. Comparing between 3 ligands, Cu(I) Br complexed with NOPMI shows first-order kinetic plot. ISSN: 1618-7229 Article Number: 029 Record 179 of 726 Author(s): Onlamoon, N (Onlamoon, Nattawat); Noisakran, S (Noisakran, Sansanee); Hsiao, HM (Hsiao, Hui-Mien); Duncan, A (Duncan, Alexander); Villinger, F (Villinger, Francois); Ansari, AA (Ansari, Aftab A.); Perng, GC (Perng, Guey Chuen) Title: Dengue virus-induced hemorrhage in a nonhuman primate model Source: BLOOD, 115 (9): 1823-1834 MAR 4 2010 Abstract: Lack of a dengue hemorrhagic animal model recapitulating human dengue virus infection has been a significant impediment in advancing our understanding of the early events involved in the pathogenesis of dengue disease. In efforts to address this issue, a group of rhesus macaques were intravenously infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (strain 16 681) at 1 x 10(7) PFU/animal. A classic dengue hemorrhage developed 3 to 5 days after infection in 6 of 6 animals. Blood chemistry appeared to be normal with exception of creatine phosphokinase, which peaked at 7 days after infection. A modest thrombocytopenia and noticeable neutropenia concomitant with slight decrease of hemoglobin and hematocrit were registered. In addition, the concentration of D-dimer was elevated significantly. Viremia peaked at 3 to 5 days after infection followed by an inverse relationship between T and B lymphocytes and a bimodal pattern for platelet-monocytes and platelet-neutrophil aggregates. Dengue virus containing platelets engulfed by monocytes was noted at 8 or 9 days after infection. Thus, rhesus macaques inoculated intravenously with a high dose of dengue virus produced dengue hemorrhage, which may provide a unique platform to define the early events in dengue virus infection and help identify which blood components contribute to the pathogenesis of dengue disease. (Blood. 2010;115:1823-1834) ISSN: 0006-4971 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-242990 Record 180 of 726 Author(s): Eamsobhana, P (Eamsobhana, Praphathip); Yoolek, A (Yoolek, Adisak); Yong, HS (Yong, Hoi-Sen) Title: Effect of Thai 'koi-hoi' food flavoring on the viability and infectivity of the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) Source: ACTA TROPICA, 113 (3): 245-247 MAR 2010 Abstract: The effect of the food flavoring of 'koi-hoi', a popular Thai snail dish, on the viability and infectivity of Angiostrongylus (= Parastrongylus) cantonensis third-stage larvae was assessed in a mouse model. Groups of 50 each of actively moving, non-motile coiled, and extended larvae were obtained from experimentally infected snail meat, after one-hour exposure to standard 'koi-hoi' flavoring. These larvae and groups of 50 unexposed moving larvae (control) were individually fed to each group of three experimental BALB/c mice. The effect on Angiostrongylus worm burden was measured after 3 weeks of infection. infectivity of the motile larvae after exposure to 'koi-hoi' food flavoring was 38 +/- 5.29%. This was highly significantly lower than the infectivity (62 +/- 7.21%) of the control (unexposed) third-stage larvae (chi(2) = 17.28, P < 0.001). In the non-motile larvae resulting from exposure to the food flavoring, no adult worm was recovered from the extended larvae, indicating that they were no longer alive and unable to cause infection. A small proportion (3.33 +/- 2.31%) of the coiled larvae developed into young adult worms, indicating that mobility alone is not a definitive indicator of viability. The present study confirms that the food flavoring components of 'koi-hoi' dish adversely affect the viability and infectivity of A. cantonensis larvae. Exposure of the third-stage larvae to 'koi-hoi' food flavoring resulted in decreased viability and eventually death. Prolonged treatment with food flavoring to inactivate/immobilize and then kill the infective, third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis in snail meat prior to consumption may be one of the possible economical means of reducing human infection. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0001-706X DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.11.004 Record 181 of 726 Author(s): Chuthapisith, S (Chuthapisith, Suebwong); Eremin, J (Eremin, Jennifer); El-Sheemey, M (El-Sheemey, Mohamed); Eremin, O (Eremin, Oleg) Title: Breast cancer chemoresistance: Emerging importance of cancer stem cells Source: SURGICAL ONCOLOGY-OXFORD, 19 (1): 27-32 MAR 2010 Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have recently been documented in solid tumours. Evidence has suggested that CSCs are involved in carcinogenesis, tumour invasion and metastases, and resistance to various forms of therapies, including chemotherapy. Breast CSCs are characterised by the expression of CD44 but lack of CD24 (CD44(+)/CD24(-) cells). The mechanisms involved in chemoresistance of breast CSCs are complex and not clearly defined. Overexpression of ABC transporters, detoxification enzymes (aldehyde dehydrogenase), low cell turn over rate and the ability to activate the DNA check point response are possibly all involved. Innovative therapies, based on a better understanding of CSCs, should lead to enhanced and tong-term cure rates in breast cancer. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0960-7404 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2009.01.004 Record 182 of 726 Author(s): Bhakdi, SC (Bhakdi, Sebastian C.); Ottinger, A (Ottinger, Annette); Somsri, S (Somsri, Sangdao); Sratongno, P (Sratongno, Panudda); Pannadaporn, P (Pannadaporn, Peeranad); Chimma, P (Chimma, Pattamawan); Malasit, P (Malasit, Prida); Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, Kovit); Neumann, HPH (Neumann, Hartmut P. H.) Title: Optimized high gradient magnetic separation for isolation of Plasmodium-infected red blood cells Source: MALARIA JOURNAL, 9: Art. No. 38 FEB 2 2010 Abstract: Background: Highly purified infected red blood cells (irbc), or highly synchronized parasite cultures, are regularly required in malaria research. Conventional isolation and synchronization rely on density and osmotic fragility of irbc, respectively. High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) offers an alternative based on intrinsic magnetic properties of irbc, avoiding exposure to chemicals and osmotic stress. Successful HGMS concentration in malaria research was previously reported using polymer coated columns, while HGMS depletion has not been described yet. This study presents a new approach to both HGMS concentration and depletion in malaria research, rendering polymer coating unnecessary. Methods: A dipole magnet generating a strong homogenous field was custom assembled. Polypropylene syringes were fitted with one-way stopcocks and filled with stainless steel wool. Rbc from Plasmodium falciparum cultures were resuspended in density and viscosity optimized HGMS buffers and HGMS processed. Purification and depletion results were analysed by flow cytometer and light microscopy. Viability was evaluated by calculating the infection rate after re-culturing of isolates. Results: In HGMS concentration, purity of irbc isolates from asynchronous cultures consistently ranged from 94.8% to 98.4% (mean 95.7%). With further optimization, over 90% of isolated irbc contained segmented schizonts. Processing time was less than 45 min. Reinfection rates ranged from 21.0% to 56.4%. In HGMS depletion, results were comparable to treatment with sorbitol, as demonstrated by essentially identical development of cultures. Conclusion: The novel HGMS concentration procedure achieves high purities of segmented stage irbc from standard asynchronous cultures, and is the first HGMS depletion alternative to sorbitol lysis. It represents a simple and highly efficient alternative to conventional irbc concentration and synchronization methods. ISSN: 1475-2875 Article Number: 38 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-38 Record 183 of 726 Author(s): Wongtrakul, J (Wongtrakul, Jeerang); Pongjaroenkit, S (Pongjaroenkit, Saengtong); Leelapat, P (Leelapat, Posri); Nachaiwieng, W (Nachaiwieng, Woottichai); Prapanthadara, LA (Prapanthadara, La-Aied); Ketterman, AJ (Ketterman, Albert J.) Title: Expression and Characterization of Three New Glutathione Transferases, an Epsilon (AcGSTE2-2), Omega (AcGSTO1-1), and Theta (AeGSTT1-1) From Anopheles cracens (Diptera: Culicidae), a Major Thai Malaria Vector Source: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY, 47 (2): 162-171 MAR 2010 Abstract: Glutathione transferases (CSTs) (E.C.2.5.1.18) are Multifunctional enzymes involved in the detoxification of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. This study aimed to characterize several new GSTs from Anopheles cracens, a major Thai malaria vector formerly known as Anopheles dirus. The three recombinant enzymes obtained were from the epsilon, theta and omega classes. They showed 80-93% identity to orthologous An. gambiae GSTs. AcGSTE2-2 possessed peroxidase activity that cannot be detected for the An. gambiae AgGSTE2-2. AcGSTT1-1 had high activity toward several substrates that are specific for mammalian theta class. The AeGSTO1-1 call use 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, dichloroacetic acid, and hydroxyethyl disulfide substrates. The enzymes bound but did not metabolize the organophosphate temephos. The epsilon AcGSTE2-2 functioned as a peroxidase and DDT metabolizing enzyme. The theta AeGSTT1-1 functioned not only as peroxidase but also acted as a binding protein for organopbosphates. The omega GST had thiol transferase activity suggesting a role in oxidative stress response. ISSN: 0022-2585 DOI: 10.1603/ME09132 Record 184 of 726 Author(s): Wiersinga, WJ (Wiersinga, W. Joost); Kager, LM (Kager, Liesbeth M.); Hovius, JWR (Hovius, Joppe W. R.); van der Windt, GJW (van der Windt, Gerritje J. W.); de Vos, AF (de Vos, Alex F.); Meijers, JCM (Meijers, Joost C. M.); Roelofs, JJ (Roelofs, Joris J.); Dondorp, A (Dondorp, Arjen); Levi, M (Levi, Marcel); Day, NP (Day, Nicholas P.); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.); van der Poll, T (van der Poll, Tom) Title: Urokinase Receptor Is Necessary for Bacterial Defense against Pneumonia-Derived Septic Melioidosis by Facilitating Phagocytosis Source: JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 184 (6): 3079-3086 MAR 15 2010 Abstract: Urokinase receptor (urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor [uPAR], CD87), a GPI-anchored protein, is considered to play an important role in inflammation and fibrinolysis. The Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is able to survive and replicate within leukocytes and causes melioidosis, an important cause of pneumonia-derived community-acquired sepsis in Southeast Asia. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of uPAR both in patients with septic melioidosis and in a murine model of experimental melioidosis. uPAR mRNA and surface expression was increased in patients with septic melioidosis in/on both peripheral blood monocytes and granulocytes as well as in the pulmonary compartment during experimental pneumonia-derived melioidosis in mice. uPAR-deficient mice intranasally infected with B. pseudomallei showed an enhanced growth and dissemination of B. pseudomallei when compared with wild-type mice, corresponding with increased pulmonary and hepatic inflammation. uPAR knockout mice demonstrated significantly reduced neutrophil migration toward the pulmonary compartment after inoculation with B. pseudomallei. Further in vitro experiments showed that uPAR-deficient macrophages and granulocytes display a markedly impaired phagocytosis of B. pseudomallei. Additional studies showed that uPAR deficiency did not influence hemostatic and fibrinolytic responses during severe melioidosis. These data suggest that uPAR is crucially involved in the host defense against sepsis caused by B. pseudomallei by facilitating the migration of neutrophils toward the primary site of infection and subsequently facilitating the phagocytosis of B. pseudomallei. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 3079-3086. ISSN: 0022-1767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901008 Record 185 of 726 Author(s): Lundberg, PC (Lundberg, Pranee C.); Kerdonfag, P (Kerdonfag, Petcharat) Title: Spiritual care provided by Thai nurses in intensive care units Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, 19 (7-8): 1121-1128 APR 2010 Abstract: Aim. The aim of this study was to explore how Thai nurses in intensive care units of a university hospital in Bangkok provided spiritual care to their patients. Background. The function of nursing is to promote health, prevent illness, restore health and alleviate suffering. An holistic approach to this promotion includes spirituality. Design. An explorative qualitative study was used. Method. Thirty Thai nurses, selected through purposive sampling with the snowball technique, participated voluntarily. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were carried out, taped-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to content analysis. Results. Five themes related to the provision of spiritual care emerged: giving mental support, facilitating religious rituals and cultural beliefs, communicating with patients and patients' families, assessing the spiritual needs of patients and showing respect and facilitating family participation in care. Several ways of improving the spiritual care were suggested by the nurses. Conclusions. Spirituality was an important part of the care for the nurses when meeting the needs of their patients and the patients' families. Therefore, nursing education should enhance nurses' understanding and awareness of spiritual issues and prepare them to respond to human spiritual needs. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses should consider spirituality as an important component of holistic care. During their professional career, they should expand their knowledge and understanding of spirituality and develop tools for assessment of spiritual needs. ISSN: 0962-1067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03072.x Record 186 of 726 Author(s): Chanthateyanonth, R (Chanthateyanonth, Ratana); Ruchirawat, S (Ruchirawat, Somsak); Srisitthiratkul, C (Srisitthiratkul, Chutima) Title: Preparation of New Water-Soluble Chitosan Containing Hyperbranched-Vinylsulfonic Acid Sodium Salt and Their Antimicrobial Activities and Chelation with Metals Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 116 (4): 2074-2082 MAY 15 2010 Abstract: In this work, an efficient and simple method to graft a vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt on a poorly water- soluble chitosan is described. Commercially available low molecular weight chitosan is converted to water-soluble chitosan containing hyperbranched-vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt groups. The process comprises the following steps: Michael addition of methyl acrylate, amidation with ethylenediamine, and Michael addition of methyl acrylate, amidation with ethylenediamine, salt. A variety of chitosans containing vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt, with improved water solubility, is synthesiszed by repeating these three steps. The new chitosan derivatives show better antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 and Achromobacter xylosoxidans ATCC 2706. In addition, they display better chelating behavior with heavy metals, like cadmium(II), copper(II), and nickel(II), than the starting chitosan. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116:2074-2082, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31732 Record 187 of 726 Author(s): Yokthongwattana, K (Yokthongwattana, Kittisak); Sriariyanun, M (Sriariyanun, Malinee); Ekaratcharoenchai, P (Ekaratcharoenchai, Pallop); Svasti, J (Svasti, Jisnuson) Title: Characterization of fatty acids and proteins associated with the xanthophyll-enriched membrane fraction isolated from the thylakoid membranes of irradiance-stressed Dunaliella salina Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY, 22 (2): 147-155 APR 2010 Abstract: It has been previously reported that a considerable amount of lutein and zeaxanthin could be fractionated, upon mild detergent treatment, from the thylakoid membranes of irradiance-stressed unicellular green alga, Dunaliella salina, into a yellow pellet fraction. Such membrane pellet was found to be devoid of chlorophylls and any known proteins of photosynthesis but rather contained a significant amount of unknown polypeptides. It was speculated that this xanthophyll-rich membrane pellet might originate from incomplete solubilization of the photoinhibited thylakoids by weak surfactants, due to extra rigidity imposed by the xanthophylls being directly imbedded into the lipid bilayer. In this study, we further characterized this membrane fraction by studying its associated proteins and fatty acid composition. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that this yellow pellet membrane was enriched in saturated fatty acids, supporting the rigidity notion of the pellet. Protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS further revealed that at least 20 water-soluble proteins were found in association with this pellet. These proteins may originate from unspecific contamination of abundant polypeptides co-precipitated with the membrane upon fractionation. Possible explanations regarding the nature of this xanthophyll-rich membrane are also discussed. ISSN: 0921-8971 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-009-9434-9 Record 188 of 726 Author(s): Sasaki, T (Sasaki, Tadahiro); Hirai, I (Hirai, Itaru); Niki, M (Niki, Marie); Nakamura, T (Nakamura, Tatsuya); Komalamisra, C (Komalamisra, Chalit); Maipanich, W (Maipanich, Wanna); Kusolsuk, T (Kusolsuk, Teera); Sa-nguankiat, S (Sa-nguankiat, Surapol); Pubampen, S (Pubampen, Somchit); Yamamoto, Y (Yamamoto, Yoshimasa) Title: High prevalence of CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in stool specimens obtained from healthy individuals in Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 65 (4): 666-668 APR 2010 Abstract: To determine the prevalence of CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in stool specimens obtained from healthy individuals in a rural area of Thailand. Bacteria in stool specimens were screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production on McConkey agar with cefotaxime and confirmed by the double-disc synergy test. Genetic detection and genotyping of CTX-M-type ESBL was performed by PCR with bacterial DNA extracted from isolates. A markedly high number (82 of 141, 58.2%) of the specimens showed the presence of CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, as confirmed by both phenotypic and genetic examinations. The majority of the CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing bacteria were Escherichia coli (85.1%). The study revealed the wide dissemination of CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the healthy population. ISSN: 0305-7453 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq008 Record 189 of 726 Author(s): Suwannalert, P (Suwannalert, Prasit); Rattanachitthawat, S (Rattanachitthawat, Sirichet); Chaiyasut, C (Chaiyasut, Chaiyavat); Riengrojpitak, S (Riengrojpitak, Suda) Title: High levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 [25(OH)D-3] and alpha-tocopherol prevent oxidative stress in rats that consume Thai brown rice Source: JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH, 4 (2): 120-124 JAN 18 2010 Abstract: Oxidative stress has been proposed to play an important role in the progression of chronic diseases. The red color strain of Thai brown rice, a high source of phenolic compounds, may play a crucial role in oxidative stress prevention. In the present study, rats were fed with 0% (Control), 10 and 70% Thai brown rice in the mixed food. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), storage vitamin D [25(OH) D-3] and alpha-tocopherol were investigated. The mean value of MDA in high and low dose groups was significantly lower than that of the controls in both male and female. FRAP in the high dose males was significantly higher than that in the control. Mean value of MDA and alpha-tocopherol was inversely related (r = -0.538, p = 0.001). Interestingly, serum 25(OH) D3 of the high dose group was more significant different than that of the controls in both males (p = 0.001) and females (p = 0.005). Moreover, MDA level was strongly inversely related to that of 25(OH) D-3 (r = -0.656, p < 0.001). The results indicated that the rats consuming Thai brown rice possessed low level of oxidative stress marker, MDA, through both radical and non radical defenses. ISSN: 1996-0875 Record 190 of 726 Author(s): Souris, M (Souris, Marc); Gonzalez, JP (Gonzalez, Jean-Paul); Shanmugasundaram, J (Shanmugasundaram, Jothiganesh); Corvest, V (Corvest, Victoria); Kittayapong, P (Kittayapong, Pattamaporn) Title: Retrospective space-time analysis of H5N1 Avian Influenza emergence in Thailand Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS, 9: Art. No. 3 JAN 27 2010 Abstract: Background: The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus remains a worldwide threat to human and animal health, while the mechanisms explaining its epizootic emergence and re-emergence in poultry are largely unknown. Data from Thailand, a country that experienced significant epidemics in poultry and has recorded suspicious cases of HPAI on a daily basis since 2004, are used here to study the process of emergence. A spatial approach is employed to describe all HPAI H5N1 virus epizootics from 2004 to 2008 and to characterize the pattern of emergence: multiple independent introductions of the virus followed by moderate local spread vs. very rare emergences followed by strong local spread and rare long range diffusion jumps. Sites where epizootics originate (by foreign introduction, local persistence, or long range jump) were selected from those to which the disease subsequently spreads using a filter based on relative date and position. The spatial distribution of these selected foci was statistically analyzed, and to differentiate environmental factors from long range diffusion, we investigate the relationship of these foci with environmental exposure factors and with rearing characteristics. Results: During each wave of epizootics, the temporal occurrence of cases did not show a temporal interruption of more than a week. All foci were globally clustered; i.e., more than 90% of cases had a previous case within a 10 km range and a 21 day period of time, showing a strong local spread. We were able to estimate 60 km as the maximum distance for the local farm to farm dissemination process. The remaining "emergent" cases have occurred randomly over Thailand and did not show specific location, clusters, or trends. We found that these foci are not statistically related to specific environmental conditions or land cover characteristics, and most of them may be interpreted as long range diffusion jumps due to commercial practices. Conclusion: We conclude that only a few foci appear to have been at the origin of each HPAI epidemic wave, leading to the practical action that surveillance and control must focus on farm to farm transmission rather than on emergence or wild fauna. ISSN: 1476-072X Article Number: 3 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072X-9-3 Record 191 of 726 Author(s): Sokal, DC (Sokal, David C.); Vach, TH (Vach, Trinh Huu); Nanda, K (Nanda, Kavita); McCann, MF (McCann, Margaret F.); Weiner, DH (Weiner, Debra H.); Drobnes, C (Drobnes, Claude); Rochanawutanon, M (Rochanawutanon, Mana); Duc, NB (Duc, Nguyen Ba); Loan, ND (Loan, Nguyen Dinh) Title: Quinacrine Sterilization and Gynecologic Cancers A Case-Control Study in Northern Vietnam Source: EPIDEMIOLOGY, 21 (2): 164-171 MAR 2010 Abstract: Background: Over 100,000 women worldwide have been sterilized by insertion of quinacrine into the uterus to induce tubal scarring. Concern has been expressed about possible carcinogenicity, and specifically the risk of uterine cancer. Methods: From 2001 through 2006, we conducted a population-based, case-control study of gynecologic cancers in 12 provinces in northern Vietnam, where relatively large numbers of women had received quinacrine. Cases of incident cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer were identified at provincial hospitals or at referral hospitals in Hanoi. For each case, 3 age- and residence-matched controls were randomly selected from the population registries of the case's home community. Results: The prevalence of quinacrine exposure was 1.2% among cases and 1.1% among controls. For cervical cancer, analysis of 606 cases (9 exposed) and their 1774 matched controls (18 exposed) produced an odds ratio of 1.44 (95% confidence interval = 0.59-3.48) ( adjusted for several covariates including human papillomavirus risk score). For ovarian cancer, based on 262 cases (3 exposed) and 755 controls (8 exposed) and adjusted for age and number of years of ovulation, the odds ratio was 1.26 (0.21-5.45). For uterine cancer, none of the cases-including 23 cases of leiomyosarcoma- was exposed to quinacrine. The 95% confidence interval, based on 161 cases (none exposed) and 470 controls (7 exposed) and adjusted only for age, was 0-1.85. Conclusion: We found no evidence of a relationship between quinacrine sterilization and gynecologic cancer. ISSN: 1044-3983 DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181cb41c8 Record 192 of 726 Author(s): Arunachalam, N (Arunachalam, Natarajan); Tana, S (Tana, Susilowati); Espino, F (Espino, Fe); Kittayapong, P (Kittayapong, Pattamaporn); Abeyewickreme, W (Abeyewickreme, Wimal); Wai, KT (Wai, Khin Thet); Tyagi, BK (Tyagi, Brij Kishore); Kroeger, A (Kroeger, Axel); Sommerfeld, J (Sommerfeld, Johannes); Petzold, M (Petzold, Max) Title: Eco-bio-social determinants of dengue vector breeding: a multicountry study in urban and periurban Asia Source: BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 88 (3): 173-184 Sp. Iss. SI MAR 2010 Abstract: Objective To study dengue vector breeding patterns under a variety of conditions in public and private spaces; to explore the ecological, biological and social (eco-bio-social) factors involved in vector breeding and viral transmission, and to define the main implications for vector control. Methods In each of six Asian cities or periurban areas, a team randomly selected urban clusters for conducting standardized household surveys, neighbourhood background surveys and entomological surveys. They collected information on vector breeding sites, people's knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding dengue, and the characteristics of the study areas. All premises were inspected; larval indices were used to quantity vector breeding sites, and pupal counts were used to identify productive water container types and as a proxy measure for adult vector abundance. Findings The most productive vector breeding sites were outdoor water containers, particularly if uncovered, beneath shrubbery and unused for at least one week. Peridomestic and intradomestic areas were much more important for pupal production than commercial and public spaces other than schools and religious facilities. A complex but non-significant association was found between water supply and pupal counts, and lack of waste disposal services was associated with higher vector abundance in only one site. Greater knowledge about dengue and its transmission was associated with lower mosquito breeding and production. Vector control measures (mainly larviciding in one site) substantially reduced larval and pupal counts and "pushed" mosquito breeding to alternative containers. Conclusion Vector breeding and the production of adult Aedes aegypti are influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Thus, to achieve effective vector management, a public health response beyond routine larviciding or focal spraying is essential. ISSN: 0042-9686 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.09.067892 Record 193 of 726 Author(s): Sritunyalucksana, K (Sritunyalucksana, Kallaya); Srisala, J (Srisala, Jiraporn); Wangnai, W (Wangnai, Watcharakorn); Flegel, TW (Flegel, Timothy W.) Title: Yellow head virus (YHV) transmission risk from commodity shrimp is reduced to negligible levels by normal processing Source: AQUACULTURE, 300 (1-4): 32-36 FEB 27 2010 Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether shrimp yellow head virus (YHV) from processed shrimp tissue infected at the pre-patent disease level could be transmitted to naive shrimp in a laboratory setting. In a preliminary test, 120 YHV-free shrimp were injected intramuscularly with a virulent YHV stock to yield 5 x 10(5) (pre-patent disease level) and 2500 (carrier level) viral copies/g; shrimp tissue (60 shrimp each dose). These are possible infection levels for grossly normal shrimp from normal harvest ponds (i.e., not shrimp from disease outbreak ponds). These yielded 1-step and 2-step positive (nested) RT-PCR reactions, respectively, in pleopods at 6 h post-injection of the viral stock. After being subjected to standard industrial processing conditions, only fresh frozen whole or peeled shrimp injected with pre-patent dose gave positive RT-PCR test results for YHV. None of the naive shrimp exposed to the chopped processed products for 24 h and then reared on a standard diet for 14 days showed any significant mortality or gave any positive test results for YHV using nested RT-PCR assays. Based on these preliminary test results, a large-scale test was carried out using only the high, pre-patent injection dose with 1000 fresh frozen whole shrimp. The negative control consisted of 1000 buffer-injected shrimp. A random sample of 60 shrimp from the YHV-injected group after processing, revealed 57 positive for YHV by 1-step RT-PCR assay. Of the 3 remaining, 2 were positive and I negative by nested RT-PCR assay. All 60 shrimp from the buffer-injected, control group were negative for YHV by nested RT-PCR assay. Exposure of these whole shrimp to naive shrimp resulted in no significant mortality and no positive RT-PCR test results for YHV by nested RT-PCR assay in the exposed naive shrimp. Our results showed that grossly normal whole shrimp processed by chilling and freezing would present negligible YHV disease transmission risks, even if they were 1-step RT-PCR positive for YHV. Thus, shrimp subjected to any additional processing steps such as peeling or cooking should present even lower transmission risks. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0044-8486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.01.014 Record 194 of 726 Author(s): Pulmanausahakul, R (Pulmanausahakul, Rojjanaporn); Khakpoor, A (Khakpoor, Atefeh); Smith, DR (Smith, Duncan R.) Title: The development of flavivirus vaccines Source: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 9 (4): 409-415 JAN 25 2010 Abstract: Mosquito and tick-borne flaviviruses are the causative agents of some of the world's most important diseases, including dengue fever, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis and West Nile fever. Cumulatively, these viruses cause many millions of infections each year and impose a significant burden on public health resources, particularly in developing and newly developed countries. Vaccine development to eliminate flaviviral infections has been marked by uneven progress and a large number of setbacks. To date, no single approach has proved successful in leading to vaccine development against a wide range of flaviviruses, but the application of modern techniques to the problem is opening up new avenues of approach. This review summarizes some of the developments in vaccine research aimed at inducing protective immunity against flaviviral infections. ISSN: 1684-5315 Record 195 of 726 Author(s): Gangnonngiw, W (Gangnonngiw, Warachin); Laisutisan, K (Laisutisan, Kesinee); Sriurairatana, S (Sriurairatana, Siriporn); Senapin, S (Senapin, Saengchan); Chuchird, N (Chuchird, Niti); Limsuwan, C (Limsuwan, Chalor); Chaivisuthangkura, P (Chaivisuthangkura, Parin); Flegel, TW (Flegel, Timothy W.) Title: Monodon baculovirus (MBV) infects the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivated in Thailand Source: VIRUS RESEARCH, 148 (1-2): 24-30 MAR 2010 Abstract: Field specimens of post-larvae of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from Thailand showed hepatopancreatic tubule epithelial cells that contained central, eosinophilic inclusions within enlarged nuclei and marginated chromatin. These inclusions resembled those produced by some baculoviruses prior to formation of occlusion bodies that enclose virions in a polyhedrin protein matrix. By electron microscopy, the intranuclear inclusions contained bacilliform, enveloped virions (approximately 327 +/- 29 nm x 87 +/- 12 nm) with evenly dense, linear nucleocapsids surrounded by trilaminar envelopes with lateral pockets containing nucleoproteinic filaments. In some cases, these were accompanied by moderately electron dense, spherical particles of approximately 20 nm diameter resembling polyhedrin subunits of occlusion bodies (OB) of a bacilliform virus of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, previously reported from Thailand and called monodon baculoviruis (MBV). It is currently listed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses as Penaeus monodon nucleopolyhedrovirus (PemoNPV). Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for MBV gave positive results with DNA extracts prepared from M. rosenbergii samples using the hot phenol technique. One of these assays targeted the polyhedrin gene of MBV to which the resulting amplicon showed 100% sequence identity. Presence of the Penaeus monodon virus polyhedrin gene was confirmed by in situ hybridization assays and by positive immunohistochemical reactions in one sample batch. The data revealed that MBV can be found but may rarely produce polyhedrin occlusion bodies in M. rosenbergii. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0168-1702 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.12.001 Record 196 of 726 Author(s): Stringer, JSA (Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.); McConnell, MS (McConnell, Michelle S.); Kiarie, J (Kiarie, James); Bolu, O (Bolu, Omotayo); Anekthananon, T (Anekthananon, Thanomsak); Jariyasethpong, T (Jariyasethpong, Tavatchai); Potter, D (Potter, Dara); Mutsotso, W (Mutsotso, Winnie); Borkowf, CB (Borkowf, Craig B.); Mbori-Ngacha, D (Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy); Muiruri, P (Muiruri, Peter); Ong'ech, JO (Ong'ech, John Odero); Zulu, I (Zulu, Isaac); Njobvu, L (Njobvu, Lungowe); Jetsawang, B (Jetsawang, Bongkoch); Pathak, S (Pathak, Sonal); Bulterys, M (Bulterys, Marc); Shaffer, N (Shaffer, Nathan); Weidle, PJ (Weidle, Paul J.) Title: Effectiveness of Non-nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Women Previously Exposed to a Single Intrapartum Dose of Nevirapine: A Multi-country, Prospective Cohort Study Source: PLOS MEDICINE, 7 (2): Art. No. e1000233 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine (NVP) reduces the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission but also induces viral resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs. This drug resistance largely fades over time. We hypothesized that women with a prior single-dose NVP exposure would have no more than a 10% higher cumulative prevalence of failure of their NNRTI-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) over the first 48 wk of therapy than would women without a prior exposure. Methods and Findings: We enrolled 355 NVP-exposed and 523 NVP-unexposed women at two sites in Zambia, one site in Kenya, and two sites in Thailand into a prospective, non-inferiority cohort study and followed them for 48 wk on ART. Those who died, discontinued NNRTI-containing ART, or had a plasma viral load >= 400 copies/ml at either the 24 wk or 48 wk study visits and confirmed on repeat testing were characterized as having failed therapy. Overall, 114 of 355 NVP-exposed women (32.1%) and 132 of 523 NVP-unexposed women (25.2%) met criteria for treatment failure. The difference in failure rates between the exposure groups was 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8%-13.0%). The failure rates of women stratified by our predefined exposure interval categories were as follows: 47 of 116 women in whom less than 6 mo elapsed between exposure and starting ART failed therapy (40%; p<0.001 compared to unexposed women); 25 of 67 women in whom 7-12 mo elapsed between exposure and starting ART failed therapy (37%; p = 0.04 compared to unexposed women); and 42 of 172 women in whom more than 12 mo elapsed between exposure and starting ART failed therapy (24%; p = 0.82 compared to unexposed women). Locally weighted regression analysis also indicated a clear inverse relationship between virologic failure and the exposure interval. Conclusions: Prior exposure to single-dose NVP was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure; however, this risk seems largely confined to women with a more recent exposure. Women requiring ART within 12 mo of NVP exposure should not be prescribed an NNRTI-containing regimen as first-line therapy. ISSN: 1549-1277 Article Number: e1000233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000233 Record 197 of 726 Author(s): Wiersinga, WJ (Wiersinga, W. Joost); Calandra, T (Calandra, Thierry); Kager, LM (Kager, Liesbeth M.); van der Windt, GJW (van der Windt, Gerritje J. W.); Roger, T (Roger, Thierry); le Roy, D (le Roy, Didier); Florquin, S (Florquin, Sandrine); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.); Sweep, FCGJ (Sweep, Fred C. G. J.); van der Poll, T (van der Poll, Tom) Title: Expression and Function of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Melioidosis Source: PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 4 (2): Art. No. e605 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has emerged as a pivotal mediator of innate immunity and has been shown to be an important effector molecule in severe sepsis. Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast-Asia. We aimed to characterize the expression and function of MIF in melioidosis. Methodology and Principal Findings: MIF expression was determined in leukocytes and plasma from 34 melioidosis patients and 32 controls, and in mice infected with B. pseudomallei. MIF function was investigated in experimental murine melioidosis using anti-MIF antibodies and recombinant MIF. Patients demonstrated markedly increased MIF mRNA leukocyte and MIF plasma concentrations. Elevated MIF concentrations were associated with mortality. Mice inoculated intranasally with B. pseudomallei displayed a robust increase in pulmonary and systemic MIF expression. Anti-MIF treated mice showed lower bacterial loads in their lungs upon infection with a low inoculum. Conversely, mice treated with recombinant MIF displayed a modestly impaired clearance of B. pseudomallei. MIF exerted no direct effects on bacterial outgrowth or phagocytosis of B. pseudomallei. Conclusions: MIF concentrations are markedly elevated during clinical melioidosis and correlate with patients' outcomes. In experimental melioidosis MIF impaired antibacterial defense. ISSN: 1935-2735 Article Number: e605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000605 Record 198 of 726 Author(s): Suputtamongkol, Y (Suputtamongkol, Yupin); Pongtavornpinyo, W (Pongtavornpinyo, Wirichada); Lubell, Y (Lubell, Yoel); Suttinont, C (Suttinont, Chuanpit); Hoontrakul, S (Hoontrakul, Siriwan); Phimda, K (Phimda, Kriangsak); Losuwanaluk, K (Losuwanaluk, Kitti); Suwancharoen, D (Suwancharoen, Duangjai); Silpasakorn, S (Silpasakorn, Saowaluk); Chierakul, W (Chierakul, Wirongrong); Day, N (Day, Nick) Title: Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Suspected Leptospirosis: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Source: PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 4 (2): Art. No. e610 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Symptoms and signs of leptospirosis are non-specific. Several diagnostic tests for leptospirosis are available and in some instances are being used prior to treatment of leptospirosis-suspected patients. There is therefore a need to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the different treatment strategies in order to avoid misuse of scarce resources and ensure best possible health outcomes for patients. Methods: The study population was adult patients, presented with uncomplicated acute febrile illness, without an obvious focus of infection or malaria or typical dengue infection. We compared the cost and effectiveness of 5 management strategies: 1) no patients tested or given antibiotic treatment; 2) all patients given empirical doxycycline treatment; patients given doxycycline when a patient is tested positive for leptospirosis using: 3) lateral flow; 4) MCAT; 5) latex test. The framework used is a cost-benefit analysis, accounting for all direct medical costs in diagnosing and treating patients suspected of leptospirosis. Outcomes are measured in length of fever after treatment which is then converted to productivity losses to capture the full economic costs. Findings: Empirical doxycycline treatment was the most efficient strategy, being both the least costly alternative and the one that resulted in the shortest duration of fever. The limited sensitivity of all three diagnostic tests implied that their use to guide treatment was not cost-effective. The most influential parameter driving these results was the cost of treating patients with complications for patients who did not receive adequate treatment as a result of incorrect diagnosis or a strategy of no-antibiotic-treatment. Conclusions: Clinicians should continue treating suspected cases of leptospirosis on an empirical basis. This conclusion holds true as long as policy makers are not prioritizing the reduction of use of antibiotics, in which case the use of the latex test would be the most efficient strategy. ISSN: 1935-2735 Article Number: e610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000610 Record 199 of 726 Author(s): Pillas, D (Pillas, Demetris); Hoggart, CJ (Hoggart, Clive J.); Evans, DM (Evans, David M.); O'Reilly, PF (O'Reilly, Paul F.); Sipila, K (Sipila, Kirsi); Lahdesmaki, R (Lahdesmaki, Raija); Millwood, IY (Millwood, Iona Y.); Kaakinen, M (Kaakinen, Marika); Netuveli, G (Netuveli, Gopalakrishnan); Blane, D (Blane, David); Charoen, P (Charoen, Pimphen); Sovio, U (Sovio, Ulla); Pouta, A (Pouta, Anneli); Freimer, N (Freimer, Nelson); Hartikainen, AL (Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa); Laitinen, J (Laitinen, Jaana); Vaara, S (Vaara, Sarianna); Glaser, B (Glaser, Beate); Crawford, P (Crawford, Peter); Timpson, NJ (Timpson, Nicholas J.); Ring, SM (Ring, Susan M.); Deng, GH (Deng, Guohong); Zhang, WH (Zhang, Weihua); McCarthy, MI (McCarthy, Mark I.); Deloukas, P (Deloukas, Panos); Peltonen, L (Peltonen, Leena); Elliott, P (Elliott, Paul); Coin, LJM (Coin, Lachlan J. M.); Smith, GD (Smith, George Davey); Jarvelin, MR (Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta) Title: Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Associated with Primary Tooth Development during Infancy Source: PLOS GENETICS, 6 (2): Art. No. e1000856 FEB 2010 Abstract: Tooth development is a highly heritable process which relates to other growth and developmental processes, and which interacts with the development of the entire craniofacial complex. Abnormalities of tooth development are common, with tooth agenesis being the most common developmental anomaly in humans. We performed a genome-wide association study of time to first tooth eruption and number of teeth at one year in 4,564 individuals from the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC1966) and 1,518 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We identified 5 loci at P<5x10(-8), and 5 with suggestive association (P<5x10(-6)). The loci included several genes with links to tooth and other organ development (KCNJ2, EDA, HOXB2, RAD51L1, IGF2BP1, HMGA2, MSRB3). Genes at four of the identified loci are implicated in the development of cancer. A variant within the HOXB gene cluster associated with occlusion defects requiring orthodontic treatment by age 31 years. ISSN: 1553-7390 Article Number: e1000856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000856 Record 200 of 726 Author(s): Wongsamitkul, N (Wongsamitkul, Nisa); Sirianant, L (Sirianant, Lalida); Muanprasat, C (Muanprasat, Chatchai); Chatsudthipong, V (Chatsudthipong, Varanuj) Title: A Plant-Derived Hydrolysable Tannin Inhibits CFTR Chloride Channel: A Potential Treatment of Diarrhea Source: PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH, 27 (3): 490-497 MAR 2010 Abstract: The present study examined the effects and mechanisms of actions of penta-m-digalloyl-glucose (PDG), a hydrolysable tannin extracted from Chinese gallnut, on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). Fisher rat thyroid cells stably expressing human CFTR (FRT cells) and human intestinal T84 cells were used as cell models to investigate the effects of PDG on chloride secretion using short-circuit current analysis. The mechanisms by which PDG affected chloride secretion were also examined. Finally, in vivo antidiarrheal efficacy and effects of PDG on intestinal fluid absorption were evaluated in mouse closed-loop models. In FRT cells, apical chloride current induced by forskolin, CPT-cAMP and apigenin were reversibly inhibited by PDG (IC50 similar to 10 A mu M) without effects on intracellular cAMP content and cell viability. Similarly, in T84 cells, PDG effectively inhibited chloride secretion induced by forskolin and cholera toxin. However, it had no effect on calcium-induced chloride secretion. In mice, a single intraluminal injection of PDG (0.6 mg/kg) reduced cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion by 75% with no effect on intestinal fluid absorption. PDG represents a new class of CFTR inhibitors. Further development of this class of compounds may provide a new therapeutic intervention for diarrhea. ISSN: 0724-8741 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-0040-y Record 201 of 726 Author(s): Anantachaisilp, S (Anantachaisilp, Suranan); Smith, SM (Smith, Siwaporn Meejoo); Treetong, A (Treetong, Alongkot); Pratontep, S (Pratontep, Sirapat); Puttipipatkhachorn, S (Puttipipatkhachorn, Satit); Ruktanonchai, UR (Ruktanonchai, Uracha Rungsardthong) Title: Chemical and structural investigation of lipid nanoparticles: drug-lipid interaction and molecular distribution Source: NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (12): Art. No. 125102 MAR 26 2010 Abstract: Lipid nanoparticles are a promising alternative to existing carriers in chemical or drug delivery systems. A key challenge is to determine how chemicals are incorporated and distributed inside nanoparticles, which assists in controlling chemical retention and release characteristics. This study reports the chemical and structural investigation of gamma-oryzanol loading inside a model lipid nanoparticle drug delivery system composed of cetyl palmitate as solid lipid and Miglyol 812 (R) as liquid lipid. The lipid nanoparticles were prepared by high pressure homogenization at varying liquid lipid content, in comparison with the gamma-oryzanol free systems. The size of the lipid nanoparticles, as measured by the photon correlation spectroscopy, was found to decrease with increased liquid lipid content from 200 to 160 nm. High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-NMR) measurements of the medium chain triglyceride of the liquid lipid has confirmed successful incorporation of the liquid lipid in the lipid nanoparticles. Differential scanning calorimetric and powder x-ray diffraction measurements provide complementary results to the H-1-NMR, whereby the crystallinity of the lipid nanoparticles diminishes with an increase in the liquid lipid content. For the distribution of gamma-oryzanol inside the lipid nanoparticles, the H-1-NMR revealed that the chemical shifts of the liquid lipid in gamma-oryzanol loaded systems were found at rather higher field than those in gamma-oryzanol free systems, suggesting incorporation of gamma-oryzanol in the liquid lipid. In addition, the phase-separated structure was observed by atomic force microscopy for lipid nanoparticles with 0% liquid lipid, but not for lipid nanoparticles with 5 and 10% liquid lipid. Raman spectroscopic and mapping measurements further revealed preferential incorporation of gamma-oryzanol in the liquid part rather than the solid part of in the lipid nanoparticles. Simple models representing the distribution of gamma-oryzanol and lipids (solid and liquid) inside the lipid nanoparticle systems are proposed. ISSN: 0957-4484 Article Number: 125102 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/12/125102 Record 202 of 726 Author(s): Watcharatanyatip, K (Watcharatanyatip, Kamolwan); Boonmoh, S (Boonmoh, Sirikwan); Chaichoun, K (Chaichoun, Kridsada); Songserm, T (Songserm, Taweesak); Woratanti, M (Woratanti, Mingkhwan); Dharakul, T (Dharakul, Tararaj) Title: Multispecies detection of antibodies to influenza A viruses by a double-antigen sandwich ELISA Source: JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS, 163 (2): 238-243 FEB 2010 Abstract: A double-antigen sandwich ELISA was developed for the detection of antibodies to influenza A viruses. A recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) of influenza A virus was used as a capture antigen and an HRP-conjugate for detecting the antibodies. A total of 125 serum samples from birds of different species including chickens, geese. open-billed storks, Khaki Campbell ducks, lesser whistling ducks, and pigeons with known antibodies were tested by ELISA. The sensitivity and the specificity of ELISA were found to be 98% and 97.3%, respectively. The assay was able to detect the presence of influenza A antibodies as early as the fourth day post-inoculation in ducks infected experimentally with influenza A (H5N1) virus. Excellent agreement (97.6%) was obtained between this sandwich ELISA and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests (kappa = 0.95). The double-antigen sandwich ELISA correlated well with a commercial avian influenza (AI) multispecies ELISA and was slightly more sensitive than the AI multispecies ELISA. These findings indicate that the double-antigen sandwich ELISA based on rNP may offer an effective screening method for serodiagnosis of influenza A virus. The double-antigen sandwich ELISA also enables the detection of antibodies to influenza A viruses in different species without the need for species-specific secondary antibodies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0166-0934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.09.027 Record 203 of 726 Author(s): Wanitphakdeedecha, R (Wanitphakdeedecha, R.); Nguyen, TH (Nguyen, T. H.); Chen, TM (Chen, T. M.) Title: Unit cost of Mohs and Dermasurgery Unit Source: JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY, 24 (4): 445-448 APR 2010 Abstract: Background Appropriate pricing for medical services of not-for-profit hospital is necessary. The prices should be fair to the public and should be high enough to cover the operative costs of the organization. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the cost and unit cost of medical services performed at the Mohs and Dermasurgery Unit (MDU), Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX from the healthcare provider's perspective. Methods MDU costs were retrieved from the Financial Department for fiscal year 2006. The patients' statistics were acquired from medical records for the same period. Unit cost calculation was based on the official method of hospital accounting. Results The overall unit cost for each patient visit was $673.99 United States dollar (USD). The detailed unit cost of nurse visit, new patient visit, follow-up visit, consultation, Mohs and non-Mohs procedure were, respectively, $368.27, $580.09, $477.82, $585.52, $1,086.12 and $858.23 USD. With respect to a Mohs visit, the unit cost per lesion and unit cost per stage were $867.89 and $242.30 USD respectively. Conclusions Results from this retrospective study provide information that may be used for pricing strategy and resource allocation by the administrative board of MDU. ISSN: 0926-9959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03440.x Record 204 of 726 Author(s): Srirattana, K (Srirattana, Kanokwan); Lorthongpanich, C (Lorthongpanich, Chanchao); Laowtammathron, C (Laowtammathron, Chuti); Imsoonthornruksa, S (Imsoonthornruksa, Sumeth); Ketudat-Cairns, M (Ketudat-Cairns, Mariena); Phermthai, T (Phermthai, Tatsanee); Nagai, T (Nagai, Takashi); Parnpai, R (Parnpai, Rangsun) Title: Effect of Donor Cell Types on Developmental Potential of Cattle (Bos taurus) and Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Cloned Embryos Source: JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT, 56 (1): 49-54 FEB 2010 Abstract: This study investigated the effect of donor cell types on the developmental potential and quality of cloned swamp buffalo embryos in comparison with cloned cattle embryos. Fetal fibroblasts (FFs), ear fibroblasts (EFs), granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus cells (CCs) were used as the donor cells in both buffalo and cattle. The cloned cattle or buffalo embryos were produced by fusion of the individual donor cells with enucleated cattle or buffalo oocytes, respectively. The reconstructed (cloned) embryos and in vitro matured oocytes without enucleation were parthenogenetically activated (PA) and cultured for 7 days. Their developmental ability to the blastocyst stage was evaluated. The total number of trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) cells and the ICM ratio in each blastocyst,,vas determined by differential staining as an indicator of embryo quality. The fusion rate of CCs with enucleated oocytes was significantly lower than for those of other donor cell types both in cattle and buffalo. The rates of cleavage and development to the 8-cell, morula and blastocyst stages of cloned embryos derived from all donor cell types did not significantly differ within the same species. However, the cleavage rate of cloned cattle embryos derived from FFs,vas significantly, higher than those of cattle PA and cloned buffalo embryos. The blastocyst rates of cloned cattle embryos, except for the ones derived from CCs, were significantly higher than those of cloned buffalo embryos. In buffalo, only cloned embryos derived from CCs showed a significantly higher blastocyst rate than that of PA embryos. In contrast, all the cloned cattle embryos showed significantly higher blastocyst rates than that of PA embryos. There was no difference in ICM ratio among any of the blastocysts derived from any of the donor cell types and PA embryos in both species. FFs, EFs, GCs and CCs had similar potentials to support development of cloned cattle and buffalo embryos to the blastocyst stage with the same quality. ISSN: 0916-8818 Record 205 of 726 Author(s): Geibprasert, S (Geibprasert, Sasikhan); Krings, T (Krings, Timo) Title: Hydrocephalus in unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations RESPONSE Source: JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY, 112 (3): 696-696 MAR 2010 ISSN: 0022-3085 Record 206 of 726 Author(s): Tunpiboonsak, S (Tunpiboonsak, Suda); Mongkolrob, R (Mongkolrob, Rungrawee); Kitudomsub, K (Kitudomsub, Kaniskul); Thanwatanaying, P (Thanwatanaying, Phawatwaristh); Kiettipirodom, W (Kiettipirodom, Witcha); Tungboontina, Y (Tungboontina, Yanin); Tungpradabkul, S (Tungpradabkul, Sumalee) Title: Role of a Burkholderia pseudomallei Polyphosphate Kinase in an Oxidative Stress Response, Motilities, and Biofilm Formation Source: JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, 48 (1): 63-70 FEB 2010 Abstract: Burkholderia pseudomallei, a motile and rod Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of melioidosis. The bacterium is an intracellular pathogen and that motility is generally crucial for their survival in a natural environment and for systemic infection inside a host. We report here a role of B. pseudomallei polyphosphate kinase in virulence, such as an oxidative stress response, motilities and biofilm formation. The polyphosphate kinase (ppk) mutant is susceptible to hydrogen peroxide in an oxidative stress condition, unable to perform swimming, swarming motilities, and has lower density biofilm forming capacity than the wild-type strain. We also demonstrated that both polyphosphate kinase and motile flagella are essential and independently involved in biofilm formation. The B. pseudomallei flagellin (fliC) mutant and B. mallei, a nonmotile species, are shown to produce higher density biofilm formation than the ppk mutant, but less than wild type B. pseudomallei. ISSN: 1225-8873 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-010-9138-5 Record 207 of 726 Author(s): Chabe, M (Chabe, Magali); Herbreteau, V (Herbreteau, Vincent); Hugot, JP (Hugot, Jean-Pierre); Bouzard, N (Bouzard, Noemi); Deruyter, L (Deruyter, Lucie); Morand, S (Morand, Serge); Dei-Cas, E (Dei-Cas, Eduardo) Title: Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis wakefieldiae in Wild Rattus norvegicus Trapped in Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 57 (2): 213-217 MAR-APR 2010 Abstract: This work reports for the first time the presence of two Pneumocystis species in wild Rattus norvegicus specimens from Thailand. Pneumocystis DNA was detected in 57.7% (15/26) wild rats without apparent association with typical pneumocystosis. Pneumocystis carinii was found alone in five rats (19.2%), Pneumocystis wakefieldiae was detected alone in six rats (23.1%), and two rats were infected by both species (7.7%). In addition, a new P. wakefieldiae variant sequence has been identified in three wild R. norvegicus specimens caught in the same geographical area. The high frequency of Pneumocystis in wild rats documented in this study and the apparent scarcity of severe pneumocystosis were consistent with an efficient circulation of rat Pneumocystis species in ecosystems. ISSN: 1066-5234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00465.x Record 208 of 726 Author(s): Manuyakorn, A (Manuyakorn, Ananya); Paulus, R (Paulus, Rebecca); Farrell, J (Farrell, James); Dawson, NA (Dawson, Nicole A.); Tze, S (Tze, Sheila); Cheung-Lau, G (Cheung-Lau, Gardenia); Hines, OJ (Hines, Oscar Joe); Reber, H (Reber, Howard); Seligson, DB (Seligson, David B.); Horvath, S (Horvath, Steve); Kurdistani, SK (Kurdistani, Siavash K.); Guha, C (Guha, Chandhan); Dawson, DW (Dawson, David W.) Title: Cellular Histone Modification Patterns Predict Prognosis and Treatment Response in Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Results From RTOG 9704 Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 28 (8): 1358-1365 MAR 10 2010 Abstract: Purpose Differences in cellular levels of histone modifications have predicted clinical outcome in certain cancers. Here, we studied the prognostic and predictive value of three histone modifications in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods Tissue microarrays (TMAs) from two pancreatic adenocarcinoma cohorts were examined, including those from a 195-patient cohort from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial RTOG 9704, a multicenter, phase III, randomized treatment trial comparing adjuvant gemcitabine with fluorouracil and a 140-patient cohort of patients with stage I or II cancer from University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center. Immunohistochemistry was performed for histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2), histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), and histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18ac). Positive tumor cell staining for each histone modification was used to classify patients into low-and high-staining groups, which were related to clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome measures. Results Low cellular levels of H3K4me2, H3K9me2, or H3K18ac were each significant and independent predictors of poor survival in univariate and multivariate models, and combined low levels of H3K4me2 and/or H3K18ac were the most significant predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.93; 95% Cl, 1.78 to 4.82) in the University of California, Los Angeles cohort. In subgroup analyses, histone levels were predictive of survival specifically for those patients with node-negative cancer or for those patients receiving adjuvant fluorouracil, but not gemcitabine, in RTOG 9704. Conclusion Cellular levels of histone modifications define previously unrecognized subsets of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma with distinct epigenetic phenotypes and clinical outcomes and represent prognostic and predictive biomarkers that could inform clinical decisions, including the use of fluorouracil chemotherapy. ISSN: 0732-183X DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.5639 Record 209 of 726 Author(s): Srisomsap, C (Srisomsap, Chantragan); Sawangareetrakul, P (Sawangareetrakul, Phannee); Subhasitanont, P (Subhasitanont, Pantipa); Chokchaichamnankit, D (Chokchaichamnankit, Daranee); Chiablaem, K (Chiablaem, Khajeelak); Bhudhisawasdi, V (Bhudhisawasdi, Vaharabhongsa); Wongkham, S (Wongkham, Sopit); Svasti, J (Svasti, Jisnuson) Title: Proteomic Studies of Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Secretomes Source: JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Art. No. 437143 2010 Abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occur with relatively high incidence in Thailand. The secretome, proteins secreted from cancer cells, are potentially useful as biomarkers of the diseases. Proteomic analysis was performed on the secreted proteins of cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCA-1) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC-S102, HepG2, SK-Hep-1, and Alexander) cell lines. The secretomes of the five cancer cell lines were analyzed by SDS-PAGE combined with LC/MS/MS. Sixty-eight proteins were found to be expressed only in HuCCA-1. Examples include neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (lipocalin 2), laminin 5 beta 3, cathepsin D precursor, desmoplakin, annexin IV variant, and annexin A5. Immunoblotting was used to confirm the presence of lipocalin 2 in conditioned media and cell lysate of 5 cell lines. The results showed that lipocalin 2 was a secreted protein which is expressed only in the conditioned media of the cholangiocarcinoma cell line. Study of lipocalin 2 expression in different types of cancer and normal tissues from cholangiocarcinoma patients showed that lipocalin 2 was expressed only in the cancer tissues. We suggest that lipocalin 2 may be a potential biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. ISSN: 1110-7243 Article Number: 437143 DOI: 10.1155/2010/437143 Record 210 of 726 Author(s): Jutapakdeegul, N (Jutapakdeegul, Nuanchan); Afadlal, S (Afadlal, Szeifoul); Polaboon, N (Polaboon, Nongnuch); Phansuwan-Pujito, P (Phansuwan-Pujito, Pansiri); Govitrapong, P (Govitrapong, Piyarat) Title: Repeated restraint stress and corticosterone injections during late pregnancy alter GAP-43 expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rat pups Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE, 28 (1): 83-90 FEB 2010 Abstract: In the offspring of prenatal stress animals, overactivity and impaired negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are consistent finding. However, little was known about how prenatal stress can permanently alter developmental trajectories of pup's brain. Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is a presynaptic membrane phosphoprotein whose expression increases during developmental events such as axonal outgrowth or remodeling and synaptogenesis. Phosphorylation of GAP-43 by protein kinase C was correlated with enhanced axonal growth and transmitter release. In adult animals, increase of GAP-43 correlated with monoaminergic deficit in neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study examines the effects of repeated maternal restraint stress on the level of GAP-43 in the brain of rat pups. The results showed that prenatal stress significantly increased GAP-43 level in the PFC of rat pup during PND 7-14 as compared to control but not significant difference when observed at PND 21. Increased GAP-43 expression was also observed in the pup's hippocampus during the same postnatal periods. However, when observed at PND 60, pups born from stressed mother showed a significant lower (p < 0.001) GAP-43 expression as compare with control group. These changes indicate the direct effect of corticosteroid hormone, since repeated maternal injection with corticosterone (CORT, 40 mg/kg) during GD 14-21 also gave the same results. PND 7-14 is the peak period of synaptogenesis in these brain areas and abnormal axon sprouting and reorganization may lead to a defect in synaptic pruning at later stage of life. The results suggested that maternal stress is harmful to the developing brain and upregulation of GAP-43 indicated a protective mechanism against the toxicity of maternal stress hormone. Prenatal stress alter the normal developmental trajectories in the pup's brain May underlies the mechanism link between early life stress and neuropsychopathology in later life. (C) 2009 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0736-5748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.09.003 Record 211 of 726 Author(s): Manosuthi, W (Manosuthi, W.); Chetchotisakd, P (Chetchotisakd, P.); Nolen, TL (Nolen, T. L.); Wallace, D (Wallace, D.); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, S.); Anekthananon, T (Anekthananon, T.); Supparatpinyo, K (Supparatpinyo, K.); Pappas, PG (Pappas, P. G.); Larsen, RA (Larsen, R. A.); Filler, SG (Filler, S. G.); Andes, D (Andes, D.) Group Author(s): BAMSG 3 01 Study Team Title: Monitoring and impact of fluconazole serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis-infected patients Source: HIV MEDICINE, 11 (4): 276-281 APR 2010 Abstract: Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess fluconazole pharmacokinetic measures in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and the correlation of these measures with clinical outcomes of invasive fungal infections. Methods A randomized trial was conducted in HIV-infected patients receiving three different regimens of fluconazole plus amphotericin B (AmB) for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. Regimens included fluconazole 400 mg/day+AmB (AmB+Fluc400) or fluconazole 800 mg/day+AmB (AmB+Fluc800) (14 days followed by fluconazole alone at the randomized dose for 56 days); or AmB alone for 14 days followed by fluconazole 400 mg/day for 56 days. Serum (at 24 h after dosing) and CSF samples were taken at baseline and days 14 and 70 (serum only) for fluconazole measurement, using gas-liquid chromatography. Results Sixty-four treated patients had fluconazole measurements: 11 in the AmB group, 12 in the AmB+Fluc400 group and 41 in the AmB+Fluc800 group. Day 14 serum concentration geometric means were 24.7 mg/L for AmB+Fluc400 and 37.0 mg/L for AmB+Fluc800. Correspondingly, CSF concentration geometric means were 25.1 mg/L and 32.7 mg/L. Day 14 Serum and CSF concentrations were highly correlated with AmB+Fluc800 (P < 0.001, r=0.873) and AmB+Fluc400 (P=0.005, r=0.943). Increased serum area under the curve (AUC) appears to be associated with decreased mortality at day 70 (P=0.061, odds ratio=2.19) as well as with increased study composite endpoint success at days 42 and 70 (P=0.081, odds ratio=2.25 and 0.058, 2.89, respectively). Conclusion High fluconazole dosage (800 mg/day) for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis was associated with high serum and CSF fluconazole concentration. Overall, high serum and CSF concentration appear to be associated with increased survival and primary composite endpoint success. ISSN: 1464-2662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00778.x Record 212 of 726 Author(s): Domrongkitchaiporn, S (Domrongkitchaiporn, S.); Disthabanchong, S (Disthabanchong, S.); Cheawchanthanakij, R (Cheawchanthanakij, R.); Niticharoenpong, K (Niticharoenpong, K.); Stitchantrakul, W (Stitchantrakul, W.); Charoenphandhu, N (Charoenphandhu, N.); Krishnamra, N (Krishnamra, N.) Title: Oral Phosphate Supplementation Corrects Hypophosphatemia and Normalizes Plasma FGF23 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3 Levels in Women with Chronic Metabolic Acidosis Source: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & DIABETES, 118 (2): 105-112 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) is known to induce renal phosphate wasting and hypophosphatemia by enhancing bone resorption and inhibiting renal phosphate reabsorption. However, nothing is known regarding changes in the plasma levels of phosphate-regulating hormones during CMA, especially in humans with normal kidney function. Methods: Fifteen healthy Thai female volunteers were given NH4Cl orally for 7 days to induce CMA with or without oral phosphate supplementation. Blood and 24-h urine specimens were collected prior to and after CMA induction. Plasma concentrations and fractional excretion of calcium and inorganic phosphate as well as plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, 25(OH)D-3, 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were determined. Results: CMA led to hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia with increases in the fractional excretion of calcium and phosphate. Plasma concentrations of FGF23, 25(OH)D-3 and iPTH were decreased, whereas that of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 was increased. After oral phosphate supplementation, CMA-induced changes in the concentrations of the studied ions, FGF23 and 25(OH)D-3, but not those of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and iPTH, were diminished. Conclusions: The CMA-induced hypophosphatemia was likely to initiate a negative feedback response, thereby leading to reduction in the plasma levels of hyperphosphaturic hormones, FGF23 and PTH. An increase in the plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 level, despite diminishing 25(OH)D-3 storage pool, may help enhance the intestinal phosphate absorption. Oral phosphate supplementation abolished the effects of CMA on FGF23 and 25(OH)D-3 levels, suggesting that the plasma phosphate concentration is the primary regulator of the plasma levels of these hormones during CMA. ISSN: 0947-7349 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202791 Record 213 of 726 Author(s): Permpoon, R (Permpoon, Rattiya); Thanaphum, S (Thanaphum, Sujinda) Title: Isolation and characterization of oligomerization domain I and II coding regions of doublesex genes in agricultural fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, 107 (1): 121-126 2010 Abstract: Bactrocera fruit flies are ranked among the most destructive pests of the worldwide fruit and vegetable trades. Coding regions of two oligomerization domains within doublesex (dsx) genes were determined in Bactrocera dorsalis ( oriental fruit fly) and B. correcta ( guava fruit fly). Resulting sequences revealed a high degree of similarity at both nucleotide and putative amino acid levels in the genus Bactrocera. Conservation of the DNA-binding DM motif and several known molecular features within the domains suggest a presence of strong purifying selection on the DSX proteins. Topology of the phylogenetic gene trees and deduced amino acid substitution patterns suggest that the coding region sequences of the two domains are diversified in concert parallel with the species differentiation. ISSN: 1210-5759 Record 214 of 726 Author(s): Pinchai, N (Pinchai, Nadthanan); Juvvadi, PR (Juvvadi, Praveen Rao); Fortwendel, JR (Fortwendel, Jarrod R.); Perfect, BZ (Perfect, B. Zachary); Rogg, LE (Rogg, Luise E.); Asfaw, YG (Asfaw, Yohannes G.); Steinbach, WJ (Steinbach, William J.) Title: The Aspergillus fumigatus P-Type Golgi Apparatus Ca2+/Mn2+ ATPase PmrA Is Involved in Cation Homeostasis and Cell Wall Integrity but Is Not Essential for Pathogenesis Source: EUKARYOTIC CELL, 9 (3): 472-476 MAR 2010 Abstract: The Aspergillus fumigatus Delta pmrA (Golgi apparatus Ca2+/Mn2+ P-type ATPase) strain has osmotically suppressible basal growth defects and cationic tolerance associated with increased expression of calcineurin pathway genes. Despite increased beta-glucan and chitin content, it is hypersensitive to cell wall inhibitors but remains virulent, suggesting a role for PmrA in cation homeostasis and cell wall integrity. ISSN: 1535-9778 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00378-09 Record 215 of 726 Author(s): Maude, RJ (Maude, Richard J.); Woodrow, CJ (Woodrow, Charles J.); White, LJ (White, Lisa J.) Title: Artemisinin Antimalarials: Preserving the "Magic Bullet" Source: DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, 71 (1): 12-19 Sp. Iss. SI FEB 2010 Abstract: The artemisinins are the most effective antimalarial drugs known. They possess a remarkably wide therapeutic index. These agents have been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for more than 2,000 years but were not subjected to scientific scrutiny until the 1970s. The first formal clinical trials of the artemisinins, and the development of methods for their industrial scale production, followed rapidly. A decade later, Chinese scientists shared their findings with the rest of the world; since then, a significant body of international trial evidence has confirmed these drugs to be far superior to any available alternatives. In particular, they have the ability to rapidly kill a broad range of asexual parasite stages at safe concentrations that are consistently achievable via standard dosing regimens. As their half-life is very short, there was also thought to be a low risk of resistance. These discoveries coincided with the appearance and spread of resistance to all the other major classes of antimalarials. As a result, the artemisinins now form an essential element of recommended first-line antimalarial treatment regimens worldwide. To minimize the risk of artemisinin resistance, they are recommended to be used to treat uncomplicated malaria in combination with other antimalarials as artemisinin combination therapies (ACTS). Their rollout has resulted in documented reductions in malaria prevalence in a number of African and Asian countries. Unfortunately, there are already worrisome early signs of artemisinin resistance appearing in western Cambodia. If this resistance were to spread, it would be disastrous for malaria control efforts worldwide. The enormous challenge for the international community is how to avert this catastrophe and preserve the effectiveness of this antimalarial "magic bullet". Drug Dev Res, 71: 12-19, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ISSN: 0272-4391 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20344 Record 216 of 726 Author(s): McGready, R (McGready, Rose); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois) Title: Which Drug is Effective and Safe for Acute Malaria in Pregnancy? Reviewing the Evidence Source: DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, 71 (1): 56-68 Sp. Iss. SI FEB 2010 Abstract: During pregnancy, a woman living or travelling in a malaria endemic area is more at risk of contracting the disease and developing a severe infection and dying than a non-pregnant woman. Despite this increased morbidity and mortality in pregnancy, there are almost no studies on which to base recommendations on the use of antimalarial drugs in this vulnerable group. This is because, paradoxically, the emphasis is often put on the safety of the unborn child rather than that of the infested mother. As a result of this neglect, tens of thousands of pregnant women (and their fetuses) are dying every year of a very preventable and treatable infection. In recent years, some trials have been conducted, especially in areas of high resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in South East Asia. The results show that quinine plus clindamycin is the treatment of choice in the first trimester, while artemisinin treatment should be used in the second and third trimesters in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. For severe malaria, parenteral artesunate is the treatment of choice. However these studies have also shown that the pharmacokinetic properties of most antimalarials are altered during gestation and that the doses used in non-pregnant adults are often not adapted to pregnancy. Urgent efforts are required to optimize the treatment of malaria in pregnancy. Drug Dev Res 71:56-68, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ISSN: 0272-4391 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20348 Record 217 of 726 Author(s): Boonaiam, S (Boonaiam, S.); Chaiprasert, A (Chaiprasert, A.); Prammananan, T (Prammananan, T.); Leechawengwongs, M (Leechawengwongs, M.) Title: Genotypic analysis of genes associated with isoniazid and ethionamide resistance in MDR-TB isolates from Thailand Source: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, 16 (4): 397-399 APR 2010 Abstract: P>Nucleotide sequences of genes conferring isoniazid resistance (katG, inhA, oxyR-ahpC and ndh) and ethionamide resistance (ethA) in 160 drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Thailand were analysed. Mutations in the katG gene were found in 129 isolates, predominantly at codon 315, which was mutated in 127 isolates. Twenty-two isolates had mutations in the inhA promoter and coding region. Mutations in the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region and in ndh were detected in four and one isolate(s), respectively. Of 24 ethionamide-resistant isolates, 13 had mutations in the ethA gene. However, these mutations were dispersed along the entire gene, with no codon predominating significantly. ISSN: 1198-743X DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02838.x Record 218 of 726 Author(s): Graves, N (Graves, Nicholas); Harbarth, S (Harbarth, Stephan); Beyersmann, J (Beyersmann, Jan); Barnett, A (Barnett, Adrian); Halton, K (Halton, Kate); Cooper, B (Cooper, Ben) Title: Estimating the Cost of Health Care-Associated Infections: Mind Your p's and q's Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (7): 1017-1021 APR 1 2010 Abstract: Monetary valuations of the economic cost of health care-associated infections (HAIs) are important for decision making and should be estimated accurately. Erroneously high estimates of costs, designed to jolt decision makers into action, may do more harm than good in the struggle to attract funding for infection control. Expectations among policy makers might be raised, and then they are disappointed when the reduction in the number of HAIs does not yield the anticipated cost saving. For this article, we critically review the field and discuss 3 questions. Why measure the cost of an HAI? What outcome should be used to measure the cost of an HAI? What is the best method for making this measurement? The aim is to encourage researchers to collect and then disseminate information that accurately guides decisions about the economic value of expanding or changing current infection control activities. ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/651110 Record 219 of 726 Author(s): Nakamura, K (Nakamura, Kenta); Schwartz, BS (Schwartz, Brian S.); Lindegardh, N (Lindegardh, Niklas); Keh, C (Keh, Chris); Guglielmo, BJ (Guglielmo, B. Joseph) Title: Possible Neuropsychiatric Reaction to High-Dose Oseltamivir during Acute 2009 H1N1 Influenza A Infection Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (7): E47-E49 APR 1 2010 Abstract: The safety of high-dose oseltamivir during treatment of 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection for critically ill patients is unknown. Here we report on a case patient with severe, delayed-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms after administration of high-dose oseltamivir. Clinicians should be vigilant to the possible increased risk of complications associated with high-dose oseltamivir therapy for 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection. ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/651166 Record 220 of 726 Author(s): Kalpravidh, RW (Kalpravidh, Ruchaneekorn W.); Siritanaratkul, N (Siritanaratkul, Noppadol); Insain, P (Insain, Praphaipit); Charoensakdi, R (Charoensakdi, Radya); Panichkul, N (Panichkul, Narumol); Hatairaktham, S (Hatairaktham, Suneerat); Srichairatanakool, S (Srichairatanakool, Somdet); Phisalaphong, C (Phisalaphong, Chada); Rachmilewitz, E (Rachmilewitz, Eliezer); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat) Title: Improvement in oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients treated with curcuminoids Source: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 43 (4-5): 424-429 MAR 2010 Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the hematological profile, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameters in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients treated with curcuminoids for 12 months. Design and methods: Twenty-one beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients were given 2 capsules of 250 mg each of curcuminoids (a total of 500 mg) daily for 12 months. Blood was collected every 2 months during treatment and 3 months after withdrawal and was determined for complete blood count, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH) in red blood cells (RBC), and non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) in serum. Results: The increased oxidative stress in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients was shown by higher levels of MDA, SOD, GSH-Px in RBC, serum NTBI, and lower level of RBC GSH. Curcuminoids administration resulted in improvement of all the measured parameters as long as they were administered. After 3 months withdrawal of treatment, all parameters returned close to baseline levels. Conclusion: Curcuminoids may be used to ameliorate oxidative damage in patients with beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease. (C) 2009 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0009-9120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.10.057 Record 221 of 726 Author(s): Nettuwakul, C (Nettuwakul, Choochai); Sawasdee, N (Sawasdee, Nunghathai); Yenchitsomanus, PT (Yenchitsomanus, Pa-thai) Title: Rapid detection of solute carrier family 4, member 1 (SLC4A1) mutations and polymorphisms by high-resolution melting analysis Source: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 43 (4-5): 497-504 MAR 2010 Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a high-resolution melting (HRM) method for detection of SLC4A1 Mutations and polymorphisms. Design and methods: The HRM method was optimized for detection of 18 known SLC4A1 variants. It was then used for analysis of 16 blind DNA samples highly enriched with two common mutations, Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) and band 3 Bangkok 1 (G701D), to compare the results with that of the conventional procedures. Results: The HRM method was able to detect all IS SLC4A1 variants. In the samples in which homozygous wild-type and homozygous variant could not be distinguished by difference plots, they were spiked with a sample carrying known homozygous genotype, resulting in their clear differentiation. The HRM method had 100% efficiency for detection of mutations in the blind DNA samples, when compared with that of the conventional techniques. Conclusions: The developed HRM method is efficient and reproducible for detection of SLC4A1 mutations and polymorphisms. (C) 2009 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0009-9120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.12.010 Record 222 of 726 Author(s): Panich, U (Panich, Uraiwan); Kongtaphan, K (Kongtaphan, Kamolratana); Onkoksoong, T (Onkoksoong, Tassanee); Jaemsak, K (Jaemsak, Kannika); Phadungrakwittaya, R (Phadungrakwittaya, Rattana); Thaworn, A (Thaworn, Athiwat); Akarasereenont, P (Akarasereenont, Pravit); Wongkajornsilp, A (Wongkajornsilp, Adisak) Title: Modulation of antioxidant defense by Alpinia galanga and Curcuma aromatica extracts correlates with their inhibition of UVA-induced melanogenesis Source: CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, 26 (2): 103-116 APR 2010 Abstract: Ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation is suggested to contribute to melanogenesis through promoting cellular oxidative stress and impairing antioxidant defenses. An overproduction of melanin can be associated with melanoma skin cancer and hyperpigmentation. Therefore, developing effective antimelanogenic agents is of importance. Alpinia galanga (AG) and Curcuma aromatica (CA) are traditional medicinal plants widely used for skin problems. Hence, this study investigated the antimelanogenic effects of AG and CA extracts (3.8-30 mu g/ml) by assessing tyrosinase activity, tyrosinase mRNA levels, and melanin content in human melanoma cells (G361) exposed to UVA. The roles in protecting against melanogenesis were examined by evaluating their inhibitory effects on UVA-induced cellular oxidative stress and modulation of antioxidant defenses including antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and intracellular glutathione (GSH). In addition, possible active compounds accountable for biological activities of the extracts were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometric analysis. Our study demonstrated that UVA (8 J/cm(2)) induced both tyrosinase activity and mRNA levels and UVA (16 J/cm(2))-mediated melanin production were suppressed by the AG or CA extracts at noncytotoxic concentrations. Both extracts were able to protect against UVA-induced cellular oxidant formation and depletion of CAT and GPx activities and GSH content in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, TLC-densitometric analysis detected the presence of eugenol and curcuminoids in AG and CA, respectively. This is the first report representing promising findings on AG and CA extract-derived antityrosinase properties correlated with their antioxidant potential. Inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and improving antioxidant defenses might be the mechanisms by which the extracts yield the protective effects on UVA-dependent melanogenesis. ISSN: 0742-2091 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-009-9121-2 Record 223 of 726 Author(s): Kypraios, T (Kypraios, Theodore); O'Neill, PD (O'Neill, Philip D.); Huang, SS (Huang, Susan S.); Rifas-Shiman, SL (Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L.); Cooper, BS (Cooper, Ben S.) Title: Assessing the role of undetected colonization and isolation precautions in reducing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in intensive care units Source: BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 10: Art. No. 29 FEB 16 2010 Abstract: Background: Screening and isolation are central components of hospital methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) control policies. Their prevention of patient-to-patient spread depends on minimizing undetected and unisolated MRSA-positive patient days. Estimating these MRSA-positive patient days and the reduction in transmission due to isolation presents a major methodological challenge, but is essential for assessing both the value of existing control policies and the potential benefit of new rapid MRSA detection technologies. Recent methodological developments have made it possible to estimate these quantities using routine surveillance data. Methods: Colonization data from admission and weekly nares cultures were collected from eight single-bed adult intensive care units (ICUs) over 17 months. Detected MRSA-positive patients were isolated using single rooms and barrier precautions. Data were analyzed using stochastic transmission models and model fitting was performed within a Bayesian framework using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, imputing unobserved MRSA carriage events. Results: Models estimated the mean percent of colonized-patient-days attributed to undetected carriers as 14.1% (95% CI (11.7, 16.5)) averaged across ICUs. The percent of colonized-patient-days attributed to patients awaiting results averaged 7.8% (6.2, 9.2). Overall, the ratio of estimated transmission rates from unisolated MRSA-positive patients and those under barrier precautions was 1.34 (0.45, 3.97), but varied widely across ICUs. Conclusions: Screening consistently detected >80% of colonized-patient-days. Estimates of the effectiveness of barrier precautions showed considerable uncertainty, but in all units except burns/general surgery and one cardiac surgery ICU, the best estimates were consistent with reductions in transmission associated with barrier precautions. ISSN: 1471-2334 Article Number: 29 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-29 Record 224 of 726 Author(s): Koh, GCKW (Koh, Gavin C. K. W.); Maude, RJ (Maude, Richard J.); Paris, DH (Paris, Daniel H.); Newton, PN (Newton, Paul N.); Blacksell, SD (Blacksell, Stuart D.) Title: Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 82 (3): 368-370 MAR 2010 Abstract: Scrub typhus is transmitted by trombiculid mites and is endemic to East and Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The clinical syndrome classically consists of a fever, rash, and eschar, but scrub typhus also commonly presents as an undifferentiated fever that requires laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis, usually by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay. We discuss the limitations of IFA, debate the value of other methods based oil antigen detection and nucleic acid amplification, and outline recommendations for future study. ISSN: 0002-9637 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0233 Record 225 of 726 Author(s): White, LJ (White, Lisa J.); Schukken, YH (Schukken, Ynte H.); Dogan, B (Dogan, Belgin); Green, L (Green, Laura); Dopfer, D (Doepfer, Doerte); Chappell, MJ (Chappell, Mike J.); Medley, GF (Medley, Graham F.) Title: Modelling the dynamics of intramammary E. coli infections in dairy cows: understanding mechanisms that distinguish transient from persistent infections Source: VETERINARY RESEARCH, 41 (2): Art. No. 13 MAR-APR 2010 Abstract: The majority of intramammary infections with Escherichia coli in dairy cows result in transient infections with duration of about 10 days or less, although more persistent infections (2 months or longer) have been identified. We apply a mathematical model to explore the role of an intracellular mammary epithelial cell reservoir in the dynamics of infection. We included biological knowledge of the bovine immune response and known characteristics of the bacterial population in both transient and persistent infections. The results indicate that varying the survival duration of the intracellular reservoir reproduces the data for both transient and persistent infections. Survival in an intracellular reservoir is the most likely mechanism that ensures persistence of E. coli infections in mammary glands. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of persistent infections is essential to develop preventive and treatment programmes for these important infections in dairy cows. ISSN: 0928-4249 Article Number: 13 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009061 Record 226 of 726 Author(s): Mast, TC (Mast, T. Christopher); Kierstead, L (Kierstead, Lisa); Gupta, SB (Gupta, Swati B.); Nikas, AA (Nikas, Alexander A.); Kallas, EG (Kallas, Esper G.); Novitsky, V (Novitsky, Vladimir); Mbewe, B (Mbewe, Bernard); Pitisuttithum, P (Pitisuttithum, Punee); Schechter, M (Schechter, Mauro); Vardas, E (Vardas, Eftyhia); Wolfe, ND (Wolfe, Nathan D.); Aste-Amezaga, M (Aste-Amezaga, Miguel); Casimiro, DR (Casimiro, Danilo R.); Coplan, P (Coplan, Paul); Straus, WL (Straus, Walter L.); Shiver, JW (Shiver, John W.) Title: International epidemiology of human pre-existing adenovirus (Ad) type-5, type-6, type-26 and type-36 neutralizing antibodies: Correlates of high Ad5 titers and implications for potential HIV vaccine trials Source: VACCINE, 28 (4): 950-957 JAN 22 2010 Abstract: Replication-defective adenoviruses have been utilized as candidate HIV vaccine vectors Few studies have described the international epidemiology of pre-existing immunity to adenoviruses We enrolled 1904 participants in a cross-sectional serological survey at seven sites in Africa, Brazil, and Thailand to assess neutralizing antibodies (NA) for adenovirus types Ad5, Ad6, Ad26 and Ad36 Clinical trial samples were used to assess NA titers from the US and Europe The proportions of participants that were negative were 14 8%(Ad5), 31 5%(Ad6),41 2%(Ad26) and 53.6% (Ad36) Adenovirus NA titers varied by geographic location and were higher in non-US and non-European settings, especially Thailand In multivariate logistic regression analysis, geographic setting (non-US and non-European settings) was statistically significantly associated with having higher Ad5 titers, participants from Thailand had the highest odds of having high Ad5 titers (adjusted OR = 3 53,95% CI 224,557) Regardless of location. titers of Ad5NA were the highest and Ad36 NA were the lowest Coincident Ad5/6 titers were lower than either Ad5 or Ad6 titers alone Understanding pre-existing immunity to candidate vaccine vectors may contribute to the evaluation of vaccines in international populations (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd ISSN: 0264-410X DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.145 Record 227 of 726 Author(s): Sirachainan, N (Sirachainan, Nongnuch); Sasanakul, W (Sasanakul, Werasak); Visudibhan, A (Visudibhan, Annanit); Chuansumrit, A (Chuansumrit, Ampaiwan); Wongwerawattanakoon, P (Wongwerawattanakoon, Pakawan); Parapakpenjune, S (Parapakpenjune, Surapan) Title: Protein C deficiency in Thai children with thromboembolism: A report of clinical presentations and mutation analysis Source: THROMBOSIS RESEARCH, 125 (2): 200-202 FEB 2010 ISSN: 0049-3848 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.10.016 Record 228 of 726 Author(s): Hongsith, N (Hongsith, Niyom); Wongrat, E (Wongrat, Ekasiddh); Kerdcharoen, T (Kerdcharoen, Teerakiat); Choopun, S (Choopun, Supab) Title: Sensor response formula for sensor based on ZnO nanostructures Source: SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, 144 (1): 67-72 JAN 29 2010 Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new and general formula to describe ethanol adsorption mechanism underlying the response enhancement of ZnO nanostructure sensors. The derivation of sensor response formula based on basic chemical reaction at the sensor Surface is presented. The formula can be used to explain response enhancement due to effect of metal doping, surface-to-volume ratio, and surface depletion layer. Thus, it can be regarded as a general formula to describe the sensor response characteristics of ZnO sensors. This general formula is a powerful tool for designing ZnO sensor at my desired sensor response. Furthermore, it is reasonable to expand this formula to explain other sensing materials and also to explain for different active gases. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0925-4005 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.10.037 Record 229 of 726 Author(s): Reutrakul, V (Reutrakul, Vichai); Anantachoke, N (Anantachoke, Natthinee); Pohmakotr, M (Pohmakotr, Manat); Jaipetch, T (Jaipetch, Thaworn); Yoosook, C (Yoosook, Chalobon); Kasisit, J (Kasisit, Jittra); Napaswa, C (Napaswa, Chanita); Panthong, A (Panthong, Ampai); Santisuk, T (Santisuk, Thawatchai); Prabpai, S (Prabpai, Samran); Kongsaeree, P (Kongsaeree, Palangpon); Tuchinda, P (Tuchinda, Patoomratana) Title: Anti-HIV-1 and Anti-Inflammatory Lupanes from the Leaves, Twigs, and Resin of Garcinia hanburyi Source: PLANTA MEDICA, 76 (4): 368-371 MAR 2010 Abstract: The new lupanes, 2 alpha-acetoxy-3 beta-hydroxy-19 beta-hydrogen-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (2-acetoxyalphitolic acid) (1) and 2 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta-acetoxy-19 beta-hydrogen-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (3-acetoxyalphitolic acid) (2), together with the known betulinic acid (3), betulin (4), and stimasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), isolated from the leaves and twigs of Garcinia hanburyi. Compounds 1-3 were also isolated from the resin of this plant. The structure of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the lupanes (1-4) displayed anti-HIV-1 activities in the anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50 values 16.3-116.9 mu g/mL) and syncytium assays (EC50 5.6-73.6 mu g/mL, SI 1.7-3.3). Moreover compounds 1-4 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in an ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema model. ISSN: 0032-0943 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1186193 Record 230 of 726 Author(s): Soodchomshom, B (Soodchomshom, Bumned); Tang, IM (Tang, I-Ming); Hoonsawat, R (Hoonsawat, Rassmidara) Title: Perfect switching of the spin polarization in a ferromagnetic gapless graphene/superconducting gapped graphene junction Source: PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS, 470 (1): 31-36 JAN 1 2010 Abstract: With the fabrication of gapped graphene, interest in the tunneling spectroscopy in graphene-based FG/SG junctions in which one side consists of a gapless ferro-magnetic graphene (FG) and the other side, of a gapped superconducting graphene (SG) has arisen. The carriers in the gapless (gapped) graphene are 2D relativistic particles having an energy spectrum given by E = root h2 nu(2)(F)k(2) + (m nu(2)(F) (where m nu(2)(F) is the gap and nu(F) is the Fermi velocity). The spin currents in this FG/SG junction are obtained within the framework of the extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) formalism. The effects of the superconducting energy gap in SC, of the gap m nu(2)(F), which opened in the superconducting graphene, of the exchange field in FG, of the spin-dependent specular Andreev reflection, of the effective Fermi energy (E-FF) of FG and of the bias voltage across the junction (V) are simulated. It is seen that by adjusting E-FF or V, the spin polarization (defined as SP(%) = 100% x (G(up arrow) - G(down arrow))/(G(up arrow) + G(down arrow))) can be switched from a pure spin up (SP = +100%) state to pure spin down (SP = -100%) state. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0921-4534 DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2009.09.011 Record 231 of 726 Author(s): Soodchomshom, B (Soodchomshom, Bumned); Tang, IM (Tang, I-Ming); Hoonsawat, R (Hoonsawat, Rassmidara) Title: Josephson current in a double ferromagnetic layer SG/F-1/F-2/SG graphene sandwich Source: PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS, 470 (2): 123-128 JAN 15 2010 Abstract: The Josephson current in a double ferromagnetic layer SG/F-1/F-2/SG graphene junction where the SG's are graphene-based s-wave superconductors and the F-1,F-2 are ferromagnetic layers of thicknesses d(1,2) in which the exchange energies are E-ex1,E-2, is studied. The Josephson current in this junction is composed of Cooper pairs formed by quasi particles which are massless Weyl-Dirac electrons. By switching the alignment of the two exchange fields, we find that the Josephson current in the junction can change from being in the pi-state to being in the 0-state. For the case where the magnitudes of the exchange field strength are the same, it is seen that the phase difference dependence of the critical Josephson current in a parallel aligned junction indicated a cross over from a 0-state to pi-state whenever the ferromagnetic barrier strength chi(ex) is equal to (n/2 + 0.25)pi (with n = 1, 2,...). The AP-junction for F-1 = F-2 behaves as if it has no the magnetic barriers, like S/N/S junction. It is also seen that the temperature dependence of the (%) magneto-Josephson current ratio defined as the difference between the critical currents of the graphene-based P-junction and AP-junctions defined as, %P-S similar to (100%)x(I-P(c) - I-AP(c))/I-P(c), is found to be oscillated under varying the exchange energies. The maximum value of %P-S, (max)P-S -> infinity as T -> T-C. The cause of these effects is the relativistic nature of the quasi particles in the graphene-based junctions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0921-4534 DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2009.11.048 Record 232 of 726 Author(s): Afadlal, S (Afadlal, Szeifoul); Polaboon, N (Polaboon, Nongnuch); Surakul, P (Surakul, Pornprom); Govitrapong, P (Govitrapong, Piyarat); Jutapakdeegul, N (Jutapakdeegul, Nuanchan) Title: Prenatal stress alters presynaptic marker proteins in the hippocampus of rat pups Source: NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 470 (1): 24-27 FEB 5 2010 Abstract: Exposure to stress during critical periods of an organism's maturation can result in permanent behavioral changes and induced hyper-responsive to aversive stimuli as adult. Hippocampus is a plastic and vulnerable brain structure that is susceptible to damage during aging and repeated stress. The present study examines the effect of maternal restraint stress on the level of GAP-43, pGAP-43 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus of rat pups. Prenatal stress (PS) causes a significant increase of GAP-43 and pGAP-43 (p <= 0.001) in the pup's hippocampus during postnatal days 7 and 14, but not at later ages. Up-regulation of GAP-43 and pGAP-43 may alter the pattern of axonal growth and synapses' formation in the pup's brain since the first two postnatal weeks are correlated with peak period of synaptogenesis in the rat brain. We also examined the level of synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle membrane protein, in the pup's brain. Our finding revealed that, PS causes a significant decrease of synaptophysin in the pup's hippocampus as compared to control (p <= 0.001). These changes are due to the direct effects of maternal stress hormone since repeated injection with corticosterone (CORT, 40 mg/kg) to pregnant rat during gestation days (GDs) 14-21 also gave the same results. Abnormal axonal sprouting and reorganization together with the alterations in synaptic vesicle membrane protein during the critical period of synaptogenesis may lead to a defect in synapse formation and axonal pruning in the hippocampus. These changes may be associated with stress-induced impairment of hippocampal function that occurs in later life of the offspring. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0304-3940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.046 Record 233 of 726 Author(s): Chamniansawat, S (Chamniansawat, Siriporn); Chongthammakun, S (Chongthammakun, Sukumal) Title: Genomic and non-genomic actions of estrogen on synaptic plasticity in SH-SY5Y cells Source: NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 470 (1): 49-54 FEB 5 2010 Abstract: Estrogen modulates synaptic plasticity, an important mechanism of memory storage. Previously, we have reported that estrogen rapidly increases the expression of Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein), a key protein for synaptic plasticity, via non-genomic phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K)-, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-, and estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. The present study aimed to investigate the role of each ER subtype, alpha and beta, in synaptic plasticity in SH-SY5Y cells. The specific agonist of ER beta (DPN) markedly induced Arc expression that mimics treatment with estrogen. but not ER alpha (PTT). Determination of subcellular localization of ER beta using immunocytochemistry shows that ER beta was retained in the cytoplasm of the untreated cells. In estrogen-treated cells, the membrane and cytosolic ER beta gradually decreased, while nuclear ER beta progressively increased in time-dependent manner, suggesting estrogen-dependent nuclear translocation of ER beta. Nuclear accumulation of ERR at 6-12 h post-estrogen treatment, leads to increased PSD-95 and SYP mRNA expression, indicating the classical genomic estrogenic action on synaptic plasticity. However, the block of PI-3K signaling by Wortmannin partially suppressed estrogen (48 h)-induced PSD-95 and SYP expression, suggesting a crosstalk mechanism between genomic and non-genomic actions of estrogen on synaptic plasticity. Therefore, the estrogen-enhanced synaptic plasticity is ER beta-dependent and involves the crosstalk mechanism of non-genomic and genomic estrogenic actions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0304-3940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.053 Record 234 of 726 Author(s): Mu, JB (Mu, Jianbing); Myers, RA (Myers, Rachel A.); Jiang, HY (Jiang, Hongying); Liu, SF (Liu, Shengfa); Ricklefs, S (Ricklefs, Stacy); Waisberg, M (Waisberg, Michael); Chotivanich, K (Chotivanich, Kesinee); Wilairatana, P (Wilairatana, Polrat); Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Udomsangpetch, R (Udomsangpetch, Rachanee); Cui, LW (Cui, Liwang); Ho, M (Ho, May); Ou, FZ (Ou, Fengzhen); Li, HB (Li, Haibo); Song, JP (Song, Jianping); Li, GQ (Li, Guoqiao); Wang, XH (Wang, Xinhua); Seila, S (Seila, Suon); Sokunthea, S (Sokunthea, Sreng); Socheat, D (Socheat, Duong); Sturdevant, DE (Sturdevant, Daniel E.); Porcella, SF (Porcella, Stephen F.); Fairhurst, RM (Fairhurst, Rick M.); Wellems, TE (Wellems, Thomas E.); Awadalla, P (Awadalla, Philip); Su, XZ (Su, Xin-zhuan) Title: Plasmodium falciparum genome-wide scans for positive selection, recombination hot spots and resistance to antimalarial drugs Source: NATURE GENETICS, 42 (3): 268-U113 MAR 2010 Abstract: Antimalarial drugs impose strong selective pressure on Plasmodium falciparum parasites and leave signatures of selection in the parasite genome(1,2); screening for genes under selection may suggest potential drug or immune targets(3). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of parasite traits have been hampered by the lack of high-throughput genotyping methods, inadequate knowledge of parasite population history and time-consuming adaptations of parasites to in vitro culture. Here we report the first Plasmodium GWAS, which included 189 culture-adapted P. falciparum parasites genotyped using a custom-built Affymetrix molecular inversion probe 3K malaria panel array with a coverage of similar to 1 SNP per 7 kb. Population structure, variation in recombination rate and loci under recent positive selection were detected. Parasite half-maximum inhibitory concentrations for seven antimalarial drugs were obtained and used in GWAS to identify genes associated with drug responses. This study provides valuable tools and insight into the P. falciparum genome. ISSN: 1061-4036 DOI: 10.1038/ng.528 Record 235 of 726 Author(s): Garusi, C (Garusi, Cristina); Lohsiriwat, V (Lohsiriwat, Visnu); de Lorenzi, F (de Lorenzi, Francesca); Manconi, A (Manconi, Andrea); de Fiori, E (de Fiori, Elvio); Bellomi, M (Bellomi, Massimo) Title: A SUBFASCIAL VARIANT OF THE DEEP INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY DEMONSTRATED BY PREOPERATIVE MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY: A CASE REPORT Source: MICROSURGERY, 30 (2): 156-158 2010 Abstract: Precise preoperative imaging by multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography for planning of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap dissection has been reported for enormous advantages in terms of reduced operative time and minimized flap-related complications. This case report shows a particularly rare anatomical subfascia variant of deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) which can be preoperatively demonstrated by MDCT angiogram. Therefore, the intraoperative finding also confirms the radiologic data and results in meticulous flap harvesting during incision on anterior rectus sheath. Additionally, the authors emphasize on performing preoperative high quality imaging for DIEP intervention precisely for specific vulnerable course of subfascial plane DIEP, which is rare but tends to be at risk without foreknowing its exact course. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:156-158, 2010. ISSN: 0738-1085 DOI: 10.1002/micr.20710 Record 236 of 726 Author(s): Ooi, CJ (Ooi, Choon Jin); Fock, KM (Fock, Kwong Ming); Makharia, GK (Makharia, Govind K.); Goh, KL (Goh, Khean Lee); Ling, KL (Ling, Khoon Lin); Hilmi, I (Hilmi, Ida); Lim, WC (Lim, Wee Chian); Kelvin, T (Kelvin, Thia); Gibson, PR (Gibson, Peter R.); Gearry, RB (Gearry, Richard B.); Ouyang, Q (Ouyang, Qin); Sollano, J (Sollano, Jose); Manatsathit, S (Manatsathit, Sathaporn); Rerknimitr, R (Rerknimitr, Rungsun); Wei, SC (Wei, Shu-chen); Leung, WK (Leung, Wai Keung); de Silva, HJ (de Silva, H. Janaka); Leong, RWL (Leong, Rupert W. L.) Group Author(s): Asia Pacific Assoc Gastroenterolog Title: The Asia-Pacific consensus on ulcerative colitis Source: JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, 25 (3): 453-468 MAR 2010 Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in many parts of the Asia-Pacific region. There is a need to improve the awareness of IBD and develop diagnostic and management recommendations relevant to the region. This evidence-based consensus focuses on the definition, epidemiology and management of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Asia. A multi-disciplinary group developed the consensus statements, reviewed the relevant literature, and voted on them anonymously using the Delphi method. The finalized statements were reviewed to determine the level of consensus, evidence quality and strength of recommendation. Infectious colitis must be excluded prior to diagnosing UC. Typical histology and macroscopic extent of the disease seen in the West is found in the Asia-Pacific region. Ulcerative colitis is increasing in many parts of Asia with gender distribution and age of diagnosis similar to the West. Extra-intestinal manifestations including primary sclerosing cholangitis are rarer than in the West. Clinical stratification of disease severity guides management. In Japan, leukocytapheresis is a treatment option. Access to biologic agents remains limited due to high cost and concern over opportunistic infections. The high endemic rates of hepatitis B virus infection require stringent screening before initiating immune-suppressive agents. Vaccination and prophylactic therapies should be initiated on a case-by-case basis and in accordance with local practice. Colorectal cancer complicates chronic colitis. A recent increase in UC is reported in the Asia-Pacific region. These consensus statements aim to improve the recognition of UC and assist clinicians in its management with particular relevance to the region. ISSN: 0815-9319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06241.x Record 237 of 726 Author(s): Niparuck, P (Niparuck, Pimjai); Sorakhunpipitkul, L (Sorakhunpipitkul, Ladda); Atichartakarn, V (Atichartakarn, Vichai); Chuncharunee, S (Chuncharunee, Suporn); Ungkanont, A (Ungkanont, Artit); Aungchaisuksiri, P (Aungchaisuksiri, Pantep); Puavilai, T (Puavilai, Teeraya); Jootar, S (Jootar, Saengsuree) Title: Treatment outcome of thalidomide based regimens in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory non-transplant multiple myeloma patients: a single center experience from Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY, 3: Art. No. 1 JAN 5 2010 Abstract: Background: Thalidomide based regimen is an effective and well tolerated therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, however, there were a small number of studies written about the results of thalidomide therapy in non-transplant MM patients. We therefore conducted a retrospective study of 42 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM treated with thalidomide-based induction regimens followed by thalidomide maintenance therapy. Results: Induction regimens with thalidomide and dexamethasone, and the oral combination of melphalan, prednisolone and thalidomide were administrated in 22 and 16 patients, respectively. The remaining 4 patients received other thalidomide-containing regimens. Twenty-nine patients received thalidomide as a salvage regimen. Twenty-three out of 26 patients achieving complete remission (CR) and very good partial remission (VGPR) received thalidomide maintenance. Of the 41 evaluable patients, median time of treatment was 21 months (3-45 months), ORR was 92.7% with a 63.4% CR/VGPR. With a median follow up of 23 months, 3-year-PFS and 3-year-OS were 58.6 and 72.6%, respectively. Median time to progression was 42 months. While 3-year-PFS and 3-year-OS in non-transplant patients receiving thalidomide maintenance therapy were 67 and 80%, respectively. Conclusions: Prolonged thalidomide therapy enhanced survival rate and less frequently developed serious toxicity in non-transplant multiple myeloma patients. ISSN: 1756-8722 Article Number: 1 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-3-1 Record 238 of 726 Author(s): Thanapprapasr, D (Thanapprapasr, Duangmani); Wilailak, S (Wilailak, Sarikapan); Ayudhya, NIN (Ayudhya, Nathpong Israngura Na); Lertkhachonsuk, AA (Lertkhachonsuk, Arb-aroon); Likittanasombut, P (Likittanasombut, Puchong); Chittithaworn, S (Chittithaworn, Suwicha); Charakorn, C (Charakorn, Chuenkamon); Weerakiet, S (Weerakiet, Sawaek) Title: Can Vaginal Misoprostol Effectively Increase Rate of a Satisfactory Colposcopy? A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial* Source: JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 40 (3): 203-207 MAR 2010 Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol in overcoming an unsatisfactory colposcopy in the patients who had abnormal cervical cytology and to evaluate side effects of vaginal misoprostol. Sixty patients with an unsatisfactory colposcopy during the period of September 2007-November 2008 were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either two tablets of 200 mu g misoprostol (400 mu g) or two tablets of similar-looking placebo vaginally. Colposcopic re-examination was performed similar to 6 h later. The results and side effects before and 2 weeks after the colposcopic re-examination were recorded. Six out of 30 patients in the misoprostol group (20.0%) had a satisfactory colposcopic re-examination compared with 2 out of 27 patients (7.4%) in the placebo group without statistically significant difference (P = 0.172). Three patients in the placebo group dropped out due to not present at the appointment time. Six out of 30 patients (20.0%) and 1 out of 30 patients (3.3%) in the misoprostol group had side effects before and 2 weeks after the colposcopic re-examination orderly. Twenty-seven patients in the placebo group did not have any side effects before and 2 weeks after the colposcopic re-examination. All side effects occurred were minimal and well tolerated. Four hundred micrograms of vaginal misoprostol were not proved to be effective in converting an unsatisfactory to a satisfactory colposcopy. ISSN: 0368-2811 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp140 Record 239 of 726 Author(s): Sun, W (Sun, Wei); Mao, SR (Mao, Shirui); Wang, YJ (Wang, Yanjun); Junyaprasert, VB (Junyaprasert, Varaporn B.); Zhang, TT (Zhang, Tingting); Na, LD (Na, Lidong); Wang, J (Wang, Juan) Title: Bioadhesion and oral absorption of enoxaparin nanocomplexes Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS, 386 (1-2): 275-281 FEB 15 2010 Abstract: Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) formed between chitosan derivatives and enoxaparin were prepared by a self-assembly process and were characterized in terms of particle size and surface charge. The morphology was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The colloidal stability and bioadhesion of the PEC were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The absorption of enoxaparin in rats was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay. It was shown that the prepared PEC had a spherical shape with positive charge and a mean diameter in the range of 200-600 nm. An increase in temperature led to a decrease in particle size (ca. 10%) with an increased kcps value (ca. 10-20%) for the PEC studied, depending on the polymer structure. Thiolation and methylation of chitosan could significantly improve the corresponding PEC's bioadhesion and hence the oral absorption of enoxaparin. A good relationship between bioadhesion and in vivo absorption was established. However, PEC of PEGylated chitosan did not display a significantly enhanced permeation of enoxaparin compared with unmodified chitosan. In conclusion, the oral bioavailability of enoxaparin can be enhanced by improving the bioadhesive properties of PEC via the chemical modification of chitosan employed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0378-5173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.025 Record 240 of 726 Author(s): Bowden, CL (Bowden, Charles L.); Mosolov, S (Mosolov, Sergey); Hranov, L (Hranov, Luchezar); Chen, E (Chen, Eric); Habil, H (Habil, Hussain); Kongsakon, R (Kongsakon, Ronnachai); Manfredi, R (Manfredi, Robert); Lin, HN (Lin, Hsin-Nan) Title: Efficacy of valproate versus lithium in mania or mixed mania: a randomized, open 12-week trial Source: INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 25 (2): 60-67 MAR 2010 Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of valproate and lithium in bipolar I patients experiencing a manic or a mixed episode. This international, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, equivalence study included 268 patients with bipolar I disorder. The starting dose of valproate was 20 mg/kg/day and that of lithium was 800 mg/day. Treatment duration was 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was mean change in Young Mania Rating Scale score between baseline and study end. Secondary outcome measures were response and remission rates, change in Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression Bipolar Disorder instrument score, and occurrence of adverse events. The mean change from baseline in Young Mania Rating Scale score was 15.8 +/- 5.3 in the lithium group and 17.3 +/- 9.4 in the valproate group. The 90% confidence interval of the intergroup difference (-0.69; 3.31) was within prespecified equivalence limits. Response rates were 72.6% in the lithium group and 79.5% in the valproate group. Remission rates were 58.5 and 71.9%, respectively. No intergroup differences were observed in median time to treatment response (21 days) or change in Clinical Global Impression Bipolar Disorder instrument or Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores. Adverse events were reported in 42.8% of patients in the lithium group and 41.5% in the valproate group. Valproate and lithium showed comparable efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of acute mania over 12 weeks. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 25: 60-67 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISSN: 0268-1315 DOI: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e328333ac1b Record 241 of 726 Author(s): Seripienlert, A (Seripienlert, A.); Ruffolo, D (Ruffolo, D.); Matthaeus, WH (Matthaeus, W. H.); Chuychai, P (Chuychai, P.) Title: DROPOUTS IN SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES: ASSOCIATED WITH LOCAL TRAPPING BOUNDARIES OR CURRENT SHEETS? Source: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 711 (2): 980-989 MAR 10 2010 Abstract: In recent observations by the Advanced Composition Explorer, the intensity of solar energetic particles exhibits sudden, large changes known as dropouts. These have been explained in terms of turbulence or a flux tube structure in the solar wind. Dropouts are believed to indicate filamentary magnetic connection to a localized particle source near the solar surface, and computer simulations of a random-phase model of magnetic turbulence have indicated a spatial association between dropout features and local trapping boundaries (LTBs) defined for a two-dimensional (2D) + slab model of turbulence. Previous observations have shown that dropout features are not well associated with sharp magnetic field changes, as might be expected in the flux tube model. Random-phase turbulence models do not properly treat sharp changes in the magnetic field, such as current sheets, and thus cannot be tested in this way. Here, we explore the properties of a more realistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence model (2D MHD), in which current sheets develop and the current and magnetic field have characteristic non-Gaussian statistical properties. For this model, computer simulations that trace field lines to determine magnetic connection from a localized particle source indicate that sharp particle gradients should frequently be associated with LTBs, sometimes with strong 2D magnetic fluctuations, and infrequently with current sheets. Thus, the 2D MHD + slab model of turbulent fluctuations includes some realistic features of the flux tube view and is consistent with the lack of an observed association between dropouts and intense magnetic fields or currents. ISSN: 0004-637X DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/711/2/980 Record 242 of 726 Author(s): Rattanaumpawan, P (Rattanaumpawan, Pinyo); Sutha, P (Sutha, Patama); Thamlikitkul, V (Thamlikitkul, Visanu) Title: Effectiveness of drug use evaluation and antibiotic authorization on patients' clinical outcomes, antibiotic consumption, and antibiotic expenditures Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL, 38 (1): 38-43 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem were inappropriately used in 50% of hospitalized patients at Siriraj Hospital. Siriraj Hospital administrators implemented drug use evaluation ( DUE) and antibiotic authorization for the aforementioned antibiotics beginning in August 2007. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of antibiotic authorization on patients' clinical outcomes, antibiotic consumption, and antibiotic expenditures. Methods: Hospitalized patients who were prescribed piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, or meropenem from August to November 2007 were randomly allocated to antibiotic authorization group and no-authorization group. The data on clinical outcomes, antibiotic consumption, and antibiotic expenditures of the patients who received and who did not receive antibiotic authorization were compared. Results: The patients who received antibiotic authorization (512 prescriptions) had more favorable clinical outcomes (68.9% vs 60.5%, respectively, P < .01), shorter duration of target antibiotics (7.5 days vs 9.3 days, respectively, P < .01), shorter duration of all antibiotics (12.7 days vs 16.4 days, respectively, P < .01), and lower mortality because of infections (29.4% vs 35.4%, respectively, P = .05) than those who did not receive antibiotic authorization (516 prescriptions). The costs of target antibiotics and all antibiotics in the authorization group were much less than those in the no-authorization group. The annual antibiotic cost savings from DUE and antibiotic authorization requirement could be extrapolated to US $862,704. Conclusion: DUE and antibiotic authorization are effective strategies in reducing antibiotic consumption and antibiotic expenditures without compromising the patients' clinical outcomes. ISSN: 0196-6553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.04.288 Record 243 of 726 Author(s): Bhumiratana, A (Bhumiratana, A.); Pechgit, P (Pechgit, P.); Koyadun, S (Koyadun, S.); Siriaut, C (Siriaut, C.); Yongyuth, P (Yongyuth, P.) Title: Imported bancroftian filariasis: Diethylcarbamazine response and benzimidazole susceptibility of Wuchereria bancrofti in dynamic cross-border migrant population targeted by the National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in South Thailand Source: ACTA TROPICA, 113 (2): 121-128 FEB 2010 Abstract: The implementation on the Thailand-Myanmar border of annual mass drug administration (MDA) of a single 6 mg/kg dose of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus 400 mg albendazole, part of the National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (PELF), has been challenging. In particular, chain migration of cross-border Myanmar workers at risk for nocturnally periodic Wuchereria bancrofti infection can lead to imported bancroftian filariasis (IBF) in Thailand. IBF is targeted for multiple-dose MDA with 300 mg DEC, in addition to what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The dynamic Myanmar migrants in Phang-nga, southern Thailand were sampled to test whether the responsible W bancrofti has a genetic predisposition of benzimidazole exposure, and IBF exhibits DEC susceptibility. The long-term migrants had more access to DEC. IBF in W bancrofti antigenemic (microfilaremic vs. amicrofilaremic) short-term migrants exhibited susceptibility to a 300-mg single-dose DEC treatment. During the course of a 3-month follow-up, antigenemia was significantly reduced, but microfilaremia was fluctuated. Surprisingly, a newly recognized Mansonella infection co-existing among W. bancrofti-affected Myanmar Migrants elicited microfilaremia clearance within a month after treatment. As a result of the presence of genetically stable W bancrofti beta-tubulin (Wbtubb) gene responsible for benzimidazole susceptibility, IBF did not possess a genetic predisposition for benzimidazole exposure. Point mutations at positions Phe167Tyr and Phe200Tyr were not detected by Wbtubb locus-specific nested PCR and sequencing. This study has the potential to help guide not only the Thai/Myanmar PELF surveillance and monitoring of mass treatment impacts on W bancrofti, but also the other endemic countries allied with the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0001-706X DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.004 Record 244 of 726 Author(s): Fugthong, A (Fugthong, Anusorn); Boonyapakron, K (Boonyapakron, Katewadee); Sornlek, W (Sornlek, Warasirin); Tanapongpipat, S (Tanapongpipat, Sutipa); Eurwilaichitr, L (Eurwilaichitr, Lily); Pootanakit, K (Pootanakit, Kusol) Title: Biochemical characterization and in vitro digestibility assay of Eupenicillium parvum (BCC17694) phytase expressed in Pichia pastoris Source: PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION, 70 (1): 60-67 MAR 2010 Abstract: A mature phytase cDNA, encoding 441 amino acids, from Eupenicillium parvum (BCC17694) was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector, pPICZ alpha A, and was successfully expressed as active extracellular glycosylated protein. The recombinant phytase contained the active site RHGXRXP and HD sequence motifs, a large alpha/beta domain and a small alpha-domain that are typical of histidine acid phosphatase. Glycosylation was found to be important for enzyme activity which is most active at 50 degrees C and pH 5.5. The recombinant phytase displayed broad substrate specificity toward p-nitrophenyl phosphate, sodium-, calcium-, and potassium-phytate. The enzyme lost its activity after incubating at 50 degrees C for 5 min and is 50% inhibited by 5 mM Cu2+. However, the enzyme exhibits broad pH stability from 2.5 to 8.0 and is resistant to pepsin. In vitro digestibility test suggested that BCC17694 phytase is at least as effective as another recombinant phytase (r-A170) which is comparable to Natuphos, a commercial phytase, in releasing phosphate from corn-based animal feed, suggesting that BCC17694 phytase is suitable for use as phytase supplement in the animal diet. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1046-5928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.10.001 Record 245 of 726 Author(s): Mtove, G (Mtove, George); Amos, B (Amos, Ben); von Seidlein, L (von Seidlein, Lorenz); Hendriksen, I (Hendriksen, Ilse); Mwambuli, A (Mwambuli, Abraham); Kimera, J (Kimera, Juma); Mallahiyo, R (Mallahiyo, Rajabu); Kim, DR (Kim, Deok Ryun); Ochiai, RL (Ochiai, R. Leon); Clemens, JD (Clemens, John D.); Reyburn, H (Reyburn, Hugh); Magesa, S (Magesa, Stephen); Deen, JL (Deen, Jacqueline L.) Title: Invasive Salmonellosis among Children Admitted to a Rural Tanzanian Hospital and a Comparison with Previous Studies Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (2): Art. No. e9244 FEB 16 2010 Abstract: Background: The importance of invasive salmonellosis in African children is well recognized but there is inadequate information on these infections. We conducted a fever surveillance study in a Tanzanian rural hospital to estimate the case fraction of invasive salmonellosis among pediatric admissions, examine associations with common co-morbidities and describe its clinical features. We compared our main findings with those from previous studies among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology/Principal Findings: From 1 March 2008 to 28 Feb 2009, 1,502 children were enrolled into the study. We collected clinical information and blood for point of care tests, culture, and diagnosis of malaria and HIV. We analyzed the clinical features on admission and outcome by laboratory-confirmed diagnosis. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the blood of 156 (10%) children, of which 14 (9%) were S. typhi, 45 (29%) were NTS and 97 (62%) were other pathogenic bacteria. Invasive salmonellosis accounted for 59/156 (38%) bacteremic children. Children with typhoid fever were significantly older and presented with a longer duration of fever. NTS infections were significantly associated with prior antimalarial treatment, malarial complications and with a high risk for death. Conclusions/Significance: Invasive salmonellosis, particularly NTS infection, is an important cause of febrile disease among hospitalized children in our rural Tanzanian setting. Previous studies showed considerable variation in the case fraction of S. typhi and NTS infections. Certain suggestive clinical features (such as older age and long duration of fever for typhoid whereas concomitant malaria, anemia, jaundice and hypoglycemia for NTS infection) may be used to distinguish invasive salmonellosis from other severe febrile illness. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e9244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009244 Record 246 of 726 Author(s): Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, C (Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, Chartchalerm); Nantasenamat, C (Nantasenamat, Chanin); Dansethakul, P (Dansethakul, Prabhop); Saetum, P (Saetum, Pradermchai); Laosrivijit, S (Laosrivijit, Sirikul); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong) Title: Solving the barriers to diabetes education through the use of multimedia Source: NURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, 12 (1): 58-66 MAR 2010 Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects > 180 million people worldwide. It is persistent in Thai communities in spite of much effort in prevention and control. This study examined the knowledge capacity of villagers in the Klongmai community of Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, regarding diabetes by way of action research. A health status assessment and a survey of the community were carried out and used as the basis for designing an educational video on diabetes that is accessible regardless of age and educational background. Evaluations of the pre- and poststudy questionnaires were carried out using statistical analysis. The results indicated that the devised educational materials were effective in encouraging the community's self-awareness and perception of diabetes at the significance level of 0.05. Most importantly, the participants demonstrated proficiency in adapting the knowledge gained from the workshop to their own lifestyle. ISSN: 1441-0745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2009.00487.x Record 247 of 726 Author(s): Saletta, F (Saletta, Federica); Rahmanto, YS (Rahmanto, Yohan Suryo); Noulsri, E (Noulsri, Egarit); Richardson, DR (Richardson, Des R.) Title: Iron Chelator-Mediated Alterations in Gene Expression: Identification of Novel Iron-Regulated Molecules That Are Molecular Targets of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 alpha and p53 Source: MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY, 77 (3): 443-458 MAR 2010 Abstract: Iron deficiency affects 500 million people, yet the molecular role of iron in gene expression remains poorly characterized. In addition, the alterations in global gene expression after iron chelation remain unclear and are important to assess for understanding the molecular pathology of iron deficiency and the biological effects of chelators. Considering this, we assessed the effect on whole genome gene expression of two iron chelators (desferrioxamine and 2-hydroxy-1-napthylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone) that have markedly different permeability properties. Sixteen genes were significantly regulated by both ligands, whereas a further 50 genes were significantly regulated by either compound. Apart from iron-mediated regulation of expression via hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, it was noteworthy that the transcription factor p53 was also involved in iron-regulated gene expression. Examining 16 genes regulated by both chelators in normal and neoplastic cells, five genes (APP, GDF15, CITED2, EGR1, and PNRC1) were significantly differentially expressed between the cell types. In view of their functions in tumor suppression, proliferation, and apoptosis, these findings are important for understanding the selective antiproliferative effects of chelators against neoplastic cells. Most of the genes identified have not been described previously to be iron-regulated and are important for understanding the molecular and cellular effects of iron depletion. ISSN: 0026-895X DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.061028 Record 248 of 726 Author(s): Smith, J (Smith, Jennifer); McDaid, JP (McDaid, John P.); Bhangal, G (Bhangal, Gurjeet); Chawanasuntorapoj, R (Chawanasuntorapoj, Ratana); Masuda, ES (Masuda, Esteban S.); Cook, HT (Cook, H. Terence); Pusey, CD (Pusey, Charles D.); Tam, FWK (Tam, Frederick W. K.) Title: A Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Reduces the Severity of Established Glomerulonephritis Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY, 21 (2): 231-236 FEB 2010 Abstract: Antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis, including that resulting from immune complexes, is an important cause of renal failure and is in need of more specific and effective treatment. Binding of antibody or immune complexes to Fc receptors activates intracellular signal transduction pathways, including spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. We examined the effect of R788 (fostamatinib disodium), an oral prodrug of the selective Syk inhibitor R406, in nephrotoxic nephritis in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Treatment with R788 reduced proteinuria, tissue injury, glomerular macrophage and CD8+ cell numbers, and renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-1 beta, even when we started treatment after the onset of glomerulonephritis. When we administered R788 from days 4 to 10, glomerular crescents reduced by 100% (P < 0.01) compared with the vehicle group. When we administered R788 treatment from days 7 to 14, established glomerular crescents reversed (reduced by 21%, P < 0.001), and renal function was better than the vehicle group (P < 0.001). In vitro, R406 downregulated MCP-1 production from mesangial cells and macrophages stimulated with aggregated IgG. These results suggest that Syk is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of glomerulonephritis. ISSN: 1046-6673 DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2009030263 Record 249 of 726 Author(s): Prutthiwanasan, B (Prutthiwanasan, Brompoj); Suntornsuk, L (Suntornsuk, Leena) Title: Rapid analysis of alkylphosphonate drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis using indirect ultraviolet detection Source: JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, 33 (2): 228-234 FEB 2010 Abstract: A rapid capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of three alkylphosphonate drugs (i.e. fosfomycin disodium (FOS), clodronate disodium (CLO) and alendronate sodium (ALN)) was developed by using multiple probe BGE and indirect UV detection. BGE containing 30 mM benzoic acid, 5 mM salicylic acid and 0.5 mM CTAB (pH 3.8), temperature of 30 degrees C, applied voltage of -30 kV and detection at 220 rum provided baseline separation of all analytes (resolution (R) > 2.2) in 3.2 min. EOF reversal by addition of CTAB and negative voltage polarity leading to the co-EOF flow and short analysis time. Two probe BGE greatly improved peak symmetry. The method showed good linearity (r(2)>0.999 in ranges of 20-1000 mu g/mL for FOS, 100-1000 mu g/mL for CLO and 100-750 mu g/mL for ALN) repeatablitiy (RSD<2.15%), recovery (99.3-101.1%) and sensitivity (LOD < 50 mu g/mL). Freshly prepared BGE and sample solutions are essential for the method precision and accuracy. This new method can be utilized for routine analysis of FOS, CLO and ALN in dosage forms because of its efficiency, reliability, speed and simplicity. ISSN: 1615-9306 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900518 Record 250 of 726 Author(s): Ubol, S (Ubol, Sukathida); Phuklia, W (Phuklia, Weerawat); Kalayanarooj, S (Kalayanarooj, Siripen); Modhiran, N (Modhiran, Naphak) Title: Mechanisms of Immune Evasion Induced by a Complex of Dengue Virus and Preexisting Enhancing Antibodies Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 201 (6): 923-935 MAR 15 2010 Abstract: We have found that dengue virus (DENV) not only uses preexisting enhancing antibodies to promote its entry into Fc receptor-bearing cells but also exploits enhancing antibodies for intracellular immune evasion through 2 mechanisms. In the first mechanism, entry of DENV-antibody complexes into human monocytic cells activates negative regulators, dihydroxyacetone kinase and autophagy-related 5-autophagy-related 12, which then disrupt the retinoic acide incucible gene I and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 signaling cascade and disable type 1 interferon production, leading to suppression of interferon-mediated antiviral responses. In the second mechanism, the immune evasion was found to be mediated by the suppressive cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). High levels of IL-10 activated expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 gene, which subsequently inactivated the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Inhibition of IL-10 production by small interfering RNA down-regulated suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 gene expression, restored inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression, and suppressed DENV replication. Importantly, we were able to demonstrate that these 2 loops of suppression occurred in patients with severe secondary dengue infection (denguehemorrhagic fever) but not in patients with mild secondary dengue infection (dengue fever). ISSN: 0022-1899 DOI: 10.1086/651018 Record 251 of 726 Author(s): Tungtrongchitr, A (Tungtrongchitr, Anchalee); Sookrung, N (Sookrung, Nitat); Indrawattana, N (Indrawattana, Nitaya); Kwangsi, S (Kwangsi, Sukanya); Ongrotchanakun, J (Ongrotchanakun, Jeerawan); Chaicumpa, W (Chaicumpa, Wanpen) Title: Giardia intestinalis in Thailand: Identification of Genotypes Source: JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION, 28 (1): 42-52 FEB 2010 Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversities of Giardia intestinalis isolated in Thailand. G. intestinalis cysts were collected from stool samples of 61 subjects residing in Bangkok or in rural communities of Thailand with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. All the cyst samples gave positive tpi amplicons (100% sensitivity), either of the 148- or the 81-bp tpi segments. Cyst assemblage identification of the 148- and 81-bp tpi gene segments by polymerase chain reaction showed that 8% of the cysts were assemblage A, 41% assemblage A and B combined, and 51% assemblage B. The prevalence of assemblage A was significantly lower than that of assemblage B and the mixed types. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 384-bp beta-giardin gene segment revealed that 12% and 88% of the assemblage A cysts were AI and AII respectively. RFLP, based on the 432-bp gdh gene segment, showed 45.5% of the assemblage B cysts to be BIII and 54.5% to be BIV. The AI sub-assemblage was less prevalent than the others. All subjects with AI and 50% of the subjects with BIII sub-assemblage cysts were symptomatic; 80% of symptomatic Bangkok residents were adults/elderly while 85% of the rural cases were children. ISSN: 1606-0997 Record 252 of 726 Author(s): Harnirattisai, C (Harnirattisai, Choltacha); Luangaram, C (Luangaram, Chumpol); Kuphasuk, W (Kuphasuk, Watcharaporn); Senawongse, P (Senawongse, Pisol) Title: The Influence of a Local Anesthetic Containing Vasoconstrictor on Microtensile Bond Strengths of Two Adhesive Systems to Human Dentin In Situ Source: JOURNAL OF ADHESIVE DENTISTRY, 12 (1): 11-18 FEB 2010 Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the bond strengths of an etch-and-rinse adhesive and a self-etching adhesive to human dentin in vitro and under two in situ conditions: non-anesthetization and anesthetization of the teeth with a local anesthetic containing vasoconstrictor. Materials and Methods: An in situ study was performed on 49 maxillary premolars scheduled for extraction due to orthodontic reasons. For the bond strength test, occlusal cavities were prepared either with or without a local anesthetic containing vasoconstrictor. The cavities were bonded with Adper Single Bond or Clearfil SE Bond and filled with a resin composite, Filtek Z250. The teeth were then extracted, sectioned, trimmed, and tested for microtensile bond strength. For the observation of dentin surfaces, 20 premolars were used. The impressions of the cavity floors in the anesthetized and non-anesthetized groups were taken before and after acid etching. The replicas were observed under a scanning electron microscope. In vitro, the bond strength test and the SEM observation were also carried out on 24 extracted premolars with the same procedures used in the in situ study. Results: The bond strengths of the two adhesives bonded to dentin in situ were significantly lower than those in vitro. When both adhesives were tested under in situ conditions, there were no significant differences between the bond strengths to dentin of anesthetized and non-anesthetized groups (p > 0.05). No fluid droplets were found on dentin on the cavity floor prepared in vitro, either before or after acid-etching. For the unetched dentin prepared in situ, fluid droplets were found and covered on the smear layer in anesthetized and non-anesthetized groups, but the droplets were slightly larger in the non-anesthetized group. In the non-anesthetized, acid-etched group, dentin surfaces were covered with coalescent dentinal fluid in most specimens. However, in the anesthetized, acid-etched group, patent tubules and some dentinal fluid were observed on the surfaces. Conclusion: It was concluded that in situ, dentinal fluid had a detrimental effect on the dentin bond strengths of an etch-and-rinse adhesive and a self-etching adhesive. However, reduction in dentinal fluid due to the effect of a local anesthetic containing vasoconstrictor did not improve the bond strengths in either adhesives. ISSN: 1461-5185 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a17531 Record 253 of 726 Author(s): Suntornsaratoon, P (Suntornsaratoon, Panan); Wongdee, K (Wongdee, Kannikar); Krishnamra, N (Krishnamra, Nateetip); Charoenphandhu, N (Charoenphandhu, Narattaphol) Title: Femoral bone mineral density and bone mineral content in bromocriptine-treated pregnant and lactating rats Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 60 (1): 1-8 JAN 2010 Abstract: Since hyperprolactinemia was found to induce osteopenia in the metaphysis of long bone in non-mated female rats, pregnant and lactating rats with sustainedly high plasma prolactin (PRL) levels might also exhibit some changes in their long bones. We performed a longitudinal study in pregnant, lactating and post-weaning rats, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to demonstrate site-specific changes (i.e., metaphysis vs. diaphysis) in femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC). The results showed that femoral metaphyseal BMD and BMC were higher when compared to their age-matched controls during pregnancy, before decreasing in late lactation and post-weaning. On the other hand, femoral diaphyseal BMC increased during pregnancy, early lactating and mid-lactating periods without change during late lactation and post-weaning. After 7 days of bromocriptine administration which inhibited endogenous PRL secretion, the lactation-induced increases in BMC during early and mid-lactating periods were abolished. Moreover, a decrease in metaphyseal BMD during late lactation was restored to the control levels by bromocriptine. However, bromocriptine did not antagonize the pregnancy-induced increases in BMD and BMC. It could be concluded that the effect of PRL on bone was variable during the reproductive periods. While having no effect on femoral BMD and BMC during pregnancy, PRL was responsible for bone gain in early and mid-lactating periods, but induced bone loss during late lactating period. ISSN: 1880-6546 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0059-1 Record 254 of 726 Author(s): Nakkrasae, LI (Nakkrasae, La-iad); Thongon, N (Thongon, Narongrit); Thongbunchoo, J (Thongbunchoo, Jirawan); Krishnamra, N (Krishnamra, Nateetip); Charoenphandhu, N (Charoenphandhu, Narattaphol) Title: Transepithelial calcium transport in prolactin-exposed intestine-like Caco-2 monolayer after combinatorial knockdown of TRPV5, TRPV6 and Ca(v)1.3 Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 60 (1): 9-17 JAN 2010 Abstract: The milk-producing hormone prolactin (PRL) increases the transcellular intestinal calcium absorption by enhancing apical calcium uptake through voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (Ca-v) 1.3. However, the redundancy of apical calcium channels raised the possibility that Ca(v)1.3 may operate with other channels, especially transient receptor potential vanilloid family calciumchannels (TRPV) 5 or 6, in an interdependent manner. Herein, TRPV5 knockdown (KD), TRPV5/TRPV6, TRPV5/Ca(v)1.3, and TRPV6/Ca(v)1.3 double KD, and TRPV5/TRPV6/Ca(v)1.3 triple KD Caco-2 monolayers were generated by transfecting cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNA). siRNAs downregulated only the target mRNAs, and did not induce compensatory upregulation of the remaining channels. After exposure to 600 ng/mL PRL, the transcellular calcium transport was increased by similar to 2-fold in scrambled siRNA-treated, TRPV5 KD and TRPV5/TRPV6 KD monolayers, but not in TRPV5/Ca(v)1.3, TRPV6/Ca(v)1.3 and TRPV5/TRPV6/Ca(v)1.3 KD monolayers. The results suggested that Ca(v)1.3 was the sole apical channel responsible for the PRL-stimulated transcellular calcium transport in intestine-like Caco-2 monolayer. ISSN: 1880-6546 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0068-0 Record 255 of 726 Author(s): Tanyaratsrisakul, S (Tanyaratsrisakul, S.); Malainual, N (Malainual, N.); Jirapongsananuruk, O (Jirapongsananuruk, O.); Smith, WA (Smith, W. A.); Thomas, WR (Thomas, W. R.); Piboonpocanun, S (Piboonpocanun, S.) Title: Structural and IgE Binding Analyses of Recombinant Der p 2 Expressed from the Hosts Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris Source: INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 151 (3): 190-198 2010 Abstract: Background: The house dust mite allergen Der p 2 is one of the most important indoor allergens associated with allergic disease. Recombinant Der (rDer) p 2 with high IgE binding activity can be readily produced in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, but the structure and IgE binding of the different methods of preparation have not been compared. Methods: Secondary structure was assessed by circular dichroism (CD). Intrinsic fluorescence and hydrophobic probe (1-anilino-naphthalene 8-sulphonic acid, ANS) were used to study the Der p 2 hydrophobic cavity. IgE binding was assessed by ELISA inhibition. Results: CD analysis showed the expected secondary structure for both nDer p 2 and refolded Der p 2 prepared from E. coli inclusion bodies but primarily random structure for Der p 2 secreted from P. pastoris. The secreted product, however, had disulphide bonding and could be refolded to a similar structure to natural Der (nDer) p 2 after precipitation with trichloro-acetic or ammonium sulphate. ANS binding and intrinsic Trp92 fluorescence showed that all recombinant proteins were different to nDer p 2 and that the allergen secreted from P. pastoris did not form a hydrophobic cavity. Despite the marked structural changes, all preparations of Der p 2 had similar IgE binding to nDer p 2. Conclusion: Despite almost identical IgE binding, rDer p 2 prepared from both E. coli and P. pastoris showed structural differences to nDer p 2. Der p 2 secreted from P. pastoris lacked most of the natural structure, but refolding could induce the natural structure. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel ISSN: 1018-2438 DOI: 10.1159/000242356 Record 256 of 726 Author(s): Chootong, P (Chootong, Patchanee); Ntumngia, FB (Ntumngia, Francis B.); VanBuskirk, KM (VanBuskirk, Kelley M.); Jia, XL (Jia Xainli); Cole-Tobian, JL (Cole-Tobian, Jennifer L.); Campbell, CO (Campbell, Christopher O.); Fraser, TS (Fraser, Tresa S.); King, CL (King, Christopher L.); Adams, JH (Adams, John H.) Title: Mapping Epitopes of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein with Naturally Acquired Inhibitory Antibodies Source: INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, 78 (3): 1089-1095 MAR 2010 Abstract: Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (DBP) is a merozoite microneme ligand vital for blood-stage infection, which makes it an important candidate vaccine for antibody-mediated immunity against vivax malaria. A differential screen with a linear peptide array compared the reactivities of noninhibitory and inhibitory high-titer human immune sera to identify target epitopes associated with protective immunity. Naturally acquired anti-DBP-specific serologic responses observed in the residents of a region of Papua New Guinea where P. vivax is highly endemic exhibited significant changes in DBP-specific titers over time. The anti-DBP functional inhibition for each serum ranged from complete inhibition to no inhibition even for high-titer responders to the DBP, indicating that epitope specificity is important. Inhibitory immune human antibodies identified specific B-cell linear epitopes on the DBP (SalI) ligand domain that showed significant correlations with inhibitory responses. Affinity-purified naturally acquired antibodies on these epitopes inhibited the DBP erythrocyte binding function greatly, confirming the protective value of specific epitopes. These results represent an important advance in our understanding of part of blood-stage immunity to P. vivax and some of the specific targets for vaccine-elicited antibody protection. ISSN: 0019-9567 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01036-09 Record 257 of 726 Author(s): Kato-Hayashi, N (Kato-Hayashi, Naoko); Kirinoki, M (Kirinoki, Masashi); Iwamura, Y (Iwamura, Yukio); Kanazawa, T (Kanazawa, Tamotsu); Kitikoon, V (Kitikoon, Viroj); Matsuda, H (Matsuda, Hajime); Chigusa, Y (Chigusa, Yuichi) Title: Identification and differentiation of human schistosomes by polymerase chain reaction Source: EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY, 124 (3): 325-329 MAR 2010 Abstract: Recent increasing number of travelers, immigrants and foreign workers from schistosomiasis endemic area has thus resulted in the importation of schistosomiasis to non-endemic countries. To avoid ovainduced pathogenicity, sensitive and specific diagnostic means at an early stage of infection are therefore crucial. In this study, we developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers specific for human schistosome species. The PCR products were obtained in a species-specific manner (479 bp, Schistosoma mansoni; 365 bp, S. haematobium; 614 bp, S. japonicum; 303 bp, S. mekongi) and were detectable from 0.01 pg of total worm DNA (S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mekongi). The primer sets were also available for multiplex use. Although some difficulties were experienced in amplifying the parasite DNA from the infected animals, schistosome DNA could be detected from one day post infection. The PCR method described herein will therefore be beneficial to detect human schistosomiasis, after some improvements in this method. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-4894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.11.008 Record 258 of 726 Author(s): Buathong, S (Buathong, Saiwasan); Mungthin, M (Mungthin, Mathirut); Tan-ariya, P (Tan-ariya, Peerapan); Naaglor, T (Naaglor, Tawee); Taamasri, P (Taamasri, Paanjit); Suwannahitatorn, P (Suwannahitatorn, Picha); Leelayoova, S (Leelayoova, Saovanee) Title: PBS incubation, a simple technique to release miracidia of Opisthorchis-like eggs for DNA extraction Source: EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY, 124 (3): 357-359 MAR 2010 Abstract: This study describes a simple technique for releasing miracidia from Opisthorchis-like eggs before DNA extraction by keeping PBS washed specimens at 4 degrees C for two days. Using PCR amplification, the sensitivity of the PBS incubation technique was as good as that obtained from freeze-thaw technique. Moreover, this low-cost technique is less laborious. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-4894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.11.011 Record 259 of 726 Author(s): Rojanarata, T (Rojanarata, Theerasak); Opanasopit, P (Opanasopit, Praneet); Ngawhirunpat, T (Ngawhirunpat, Tanasait); Saehuan, C (Saehuan, Choedchai); Wiyakrutta, S (Wiyakrutta, Suthep); Meevootisom, V (Meevootisom, Vithaya) Title: A simple, sensitive and green bienzymatic UV-spectrophotometric assay of amoxicillin formulations Source: ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY, 46 (3-4): 292-296 MAR 5 2010 Abstract: A simple, fast, sensitive and inexpensive UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical preparations has been developed based on two enzymatic reactions. In this method, D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine side chain of amoxicillin was selectively cleaved off by penicillin acylase. Subsequently. it was reacted with 2-oxoglutarate. by the catalysis Of D-phenylglycine aminotransferase, to yield the product with high UV absorption namely 4-hydroxybenzoylformate. The amount of amoxicillin was then determined as a change in absorbance at 335 nm. In this work, the assay conditions were studied and optimized and the method was validated. The calibration curve presented an excellent linearity with r(2) of 0.9998 (0-100 mu M amoxicillin). Detection and quantitation limits were 0.77 and 2.55 mu M, respectively. Good accuracy and precision were obtained when the method was tested with amoxicillin capsules and powder for oral suspension. No interference from common excipients in the formulations or degradation products was observed. Finally, since all procedures were performed without the use of any organic solvents or hazardous chemicals which were detrimental to the environment and had a low consumption of reagents. this proposed assay was an ideal green analytical method suitable for the quality control of amoxicillin in pharmaceuticals. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0141-0229 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.11.011 Record 260 of 726 Author(s): Toomtong, P (Toomtong, Patiparn); Suksompong, S (Suksompong, Sirilak) Title: Intravenous fluids for abdominal aortic surgery Source: COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, (1): Art. No. CD000991 2010 Abstract: Background Surgery on the abdominal aorta to treat aneurysms or occlusive disease is a major undertaking which requires intensive physiological support and fluid management. Blood products are often used but the main fluid replacement is with crystalloids or colloids. For years there has been controversy over which fluid is optimal and a number of studies have examined the subject. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2000 and previously updated in 2002. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of different non-blood replacement fluids used in abdominal aorta procedures with a view to identifying the optimal fluid for use. Search strategy The Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group searched their Specialised Register (August 2009) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 3) for publications describing randomised controlled trials of non-blood replacement fluids in abdominal aortic surgery. In addition, the reference lists from retrieved trials were screened for further information about trials. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of at least one specific non-blood fluid used for replacement therapy in operations on, and confined to, the abdominal aorta. Data collection and analysis Data were extracted and then entered into the Review Manager software where statistical analyses were performed. Main results Thirty-eight trials involving 1589 patients were included. Patients undergoing aortic surgery had various physiological parameters measured before and after their operation (these were cardiac, respiratory, haematological, and biochemical). Patients were randomised to a fluid type. This review demonstrated that no single fluid affects any outcome measure significantly more than another fluid across a range of outcomes. The death rate in these studies was 2.45% (39 patients). Authors' conclusions Despite the confirmed beneficial effects of colloids in this review, further studies are still required. There are no studies examining the effects of combination fluid therapy. The primary research outcome was death, for which results were limited; therefore, future studies should pay more attention to short-term outcomes such as minimising the need for allogenic blood transfusion, complications (organ failure), and length of stay in both the intensive care unit and hospital. ISSN: 1469-493X Article Number: CD000991 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000991.pub2 Record 261 of 726 Author(s): Lallemant, M (Lallemant, Marc); Ngo-Giang-Huong, N (Ngo-Giang-Huong, Nicole); Jourdain, G (Jourdain, Gonzague); Traisaithit, P (Traisaithit, Patrinee); Cressey, TR (Cressey, Tim R.); Collins, IJ (Collins, Intira J.); Jarupanich, T (Jarupanich, Tapnarong); Sukhumanant, T (Sukhumanant, Thammanoon); Achalapong, J (Achalapong, Jullapong); Sabsanong, P (Sabsanong, Prapan); Chotivanich, N (Chotivanich, Nantasak); Winiyakul, N (Winiyakul, Narong); Ariyadej, S (Ariyadej, Surabon); Kanjanasing, A (Kanjanasing, Annop); Ratanakosol, J (Ratanakosol, Janyaporn); Hemvuttiphan, J (Hemvuttiphan, Jittapol); Kengsakul, K (Kengsakul, Karun); Wannapira, W (Wannapira, Wiroj); Sittipiyasakul, V (Sittipiyasakul, Veerachai); Pornkitprasarn, W (Pornkitprasarn, Witaya); Liampongsabuddhi, P (Liampongsabuddhi, Prateung); McIntosh, K (McIntosh, Kenneth); Van Dyke, RB (Van Dyke, Russell B.); Frenkel, LM (Frenkel, Lisa M.); Koetsawang, S (Koetsawang, Suporn); Le Coeur, S (Le Coeur, Sophie); Kanchana, S (Kanchana, Siripon) Group Author(s): PHPT-4 Study Team Title: Efficacy and Safety of 1-Month Postpartum Zidovudine-Didanosine to Prevent HIV-Resistance Mutations after Intrapartum Single-Dose Nevirapine Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (6): 898-908 MAR 15 2010 Abstract: Background. Intrapartum single-dose nevirapine plus third trimester maternal and infant zidovudine are essential components of programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings. The persistence of nevirapine in the plasma for 3 weeks postpartum risks selection of resistance mutations to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). We hypothesized that a 1-month zidovudine-didanosine course initiated at the same time as single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) would prevent the selection of nevirapine-resistance mutations. Methods. HIV-infected pregnant women in the PHPT-4 cohort with CD4 cell counts >250 cells/mm(3) received antepartum zidovudine from the third trimester until delivery, sdNVP during labor, and a 1-month zidovudine-didanosine course after delivery. These women were matched on the basis of baseline HIV load, CD4 cell count, and duration of antepartum zidovudine to women who received sdNVP in the PHPT-2 trial (control subjects). Consensus sequencing and the more sensitive oligonucleotide ligation assay were performed on samples obtained on postpartum days 7-10, 37-45, and 120 (if the HIV load was >500 copies/mL) to detect K103N/Y181C/G190A mutations. Results. The 222 PHPT-4 subjects did not differ from matched control subjects in baseline characteristics except for age. The combined group median CD4 cell count was 421 cells/mm(3) (interquartile range [IQR], 322-549 cells/mm3), the median HIV load was 3.45 log(10) copies/mL (IQR, 2.79-4.00 log(10) copies/mL), and the median duration of zidovudine prophylaxis was 10.4 weeks (IQR, 9.1-11.4 weeks). Using consensus sequencing, major NNRTI resistance mutations were detected after delivery in 0% of PHPT-4 subjects and 10.4% of PHPT-2 controls. The oligonucleotide ligation assay detected resistance in 1.8% of PHPT-4 subjects and 18.9% of controls. Major NNRTI resistance mutations were detected by either method in 1.8% of PHPT-4 subjects and 20.7% of controls (P<.001). Conclusions. A 1-month postpartum course of zidovudine plus didanosine prevented the selection of the vast majority of NNRTI resistance mutations. ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/650745 Record 262 of 726 Author(s): Kanthong, N (Kanthong, Nipaporn); Khemnu, N (Khemnu, Nuanpan); Pattanakitsakul, SN (Pattanakitsakul, Sa-Nga); Malasit, P (Malasit, Prida); Flegel, TW (Flegel, Timothy W.) Title: Persistent, triple-virus co-infections in mosquito cells Source: BMC MICROBIOLOGY, 10: Art. No. 14 JAN 20 2010 Abstract: Background: It is known that insects and crustaceans can carry simultaneous, active infections of two or more viruses without showing signs of disease, but it was not clear whether co-infecting viruses occupied the same cells or different cells in common target tissues. Our previous work showed that successive challenge of mosquito cell cultures followed by serial, split-passage resulted in stabilized cultures with 100% of the cells co-infected with Dengue virus (DEN) and an insect parvovirus (densovirus) (DNV). By addition of Japanese encephalitis virus (JE), we tested our hypothesis that stable, persistent, triple-virus co-infections could be obtained by the same process. Results: Using immunocytochemistry by confocal microscopy, we found that JE super-challenge of cells dually infected with DEN and DNV resulted in stable cultures without signs of cytopathology, and with 99% of the cells producing antigens of the 3 viruses. Location of antigens for all 3 viruses in the triple co-infections was dominant in the cell nuclei. Except for DNV, this differed from the distribution in cells persistently infected with the individual viruses or co-infected with DNV and DEN. The dependence of viral antigen distribution on single infection or coinfection status suggested that host cells underwent an adaptive process to accommodate 2 or more viruses. Conclusions: Individual mosquito cells can accommodate at least 3 viruses simultaneously in an adaptive manner. The phenomenon provides an opportunity for genetic exchange between diverse viruses and it may have important medical and veterinary implications for arboviruses. ISSN: 1471-2180 Article Number: 14 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-14 Record 263 of 726 Author(s): Okiro, EA (Okiro, Emelda A.); White, LJ (White, Lisa J.); Ngama, M (Ngama, Mwanajuma); Cane, PA (Cane, Patricia A.); Medley, GF (Medley, Graham F.); Nokes, DJ (Nokes, D. James) Title: Duration of shedding of respiratory syncytial virus in a community study of Kenyan children Source: BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 10: Art. No. 15 JAN 22 2010 Abstract: Background: Our understanding of the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection will be better informed with improved data on the patterns of shedding in cases not limited only to hospital admissions. Methods: In a household study, children testing RSV positive by direct immunofluorescent antibody test (DFA) were enrolled. Nasal washings were scheduled right away, then every three days until day 14, every 7 days until day 28 and every 2 weeks until a maximum of 16 weeks, or until the first DFA negative RSV specimen. The relationship between host factors, illness severity and viral shedding was investigated using Cox regression methods. Results: From 151 families a total of 193 children were enrolled with a median age of 21 months (range 1-164 months), 10% infants and 46% male. The rate of recovery from infection was 0.22/person/day (95% CI 0.19-0.25) equivalent to a mean duration of shedding of 4.5 days (95% CI 4.0-5.3), with a median duration of shedding of 4 days (IQR 2-6, range 1-14). Children with a history of RSV infection had a 40% increased rate of recovery i.e. shorter duration of viral shedding (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.01-1.86). The rate of cessation of shedding did not differ significantly between males and females, by severity of infection or by age. Conclusion: We provide evidence of a relationship between the duration of shedding and history of infection, which may have a bearing on the relative role of primary versus re-infections in RSV transmission in the ISSN: 1471-2334 Article Number: 15 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-15 Record 264 of 726 Author(s): Yoswathana, N (Yoswathana, N.); Eshtiaghi, MN (Eshtiaghi, M. N.); Ebadi, AG (Ebadi, A. G.) Title: Extraction of Adenosine from Ganoderma lucidum Using Novel Extraction Technologies Source: ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 22 (3): 2349-2355 MAR 2010 Abstract: The aim of this research is to extract adenosine from Ganoderma lucidum (GL) using novel extraction techniques, including high hydrostatic pressure (HIAP), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) in comparison with maceration and Soxhlet. The results showed that the highest adenosine extraction could be achieved using HHP (1.86 mg/g dry sample at 2000 bar, 60 degrees C sample to solvent ratio of 1:60 and very short extraction time of 5 min) followed by Soxhlet (1.77 mg/g dry sample, 3 h extraction time). The effect of pressure and temperature during supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of adenosine were distinct at pressure higher than 400 bar and moderate temperature (0.40 mg/g dry sample at 500 bar and 60 degrees C). The combination of maceration and ultrasonic at moderate temperature (60 degrees C) improved the extractability of adenosine up 1.01 mg/g dry sample. ISSN: 0970-7077 Record 265 of 726 Author(s): Yodyingyong, S (Yodyingyong, Supan); Zhang, QF (Zhang, Qifeng); Park, K (Park, Kwangsuk); Dandeneau, CS (Dandeneau, Christopher S.); Zhou, XY (Zhou, Xiaoyuan); Triampo, D (Triampo, Darapond); Cao, GZ (Cao, Guozhong) Title: ZnO nanoparticles and nanowire array hybrid photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Source: APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 96 (7): Art. No. 073115 FEB 15 2010 Abstract: ZnO nanoparticle-nanowire (NP-NW) array hybrid photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) with NW arrays to serve as a direct pathway for fast electron transport and NPs dispersed between NWs to offer a high specific surface area for sufficient dye adsorption has been fabricated and investigated to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The overall PCE of the ZnO hybrid photoanode DSC with the N3-sensitized has reached similar to 4.2%, much higher than both similar to 1.58% of ZnO NW DSC and similar to 1.31% of ZnO NP DSC, prepared and tested under otherwise identical conditions. ISSN: 0003-6951 Article Number: 073115 DOI: 10.1063/1.3327339 Record 266 of 726 Author(s): Menakongka, A (Menakongka, Apaporn); Suthiphongchai, T (Suthiphongchai, Tuangporn) Title: Involvement of PI3K and ERK1/2 pathways in hepatocyte growth factor-induced cholangiocarcinoma cell invasion Source: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, 16 (6): 713-722 FEB 14 2010 Abstract: AIM: To investigate the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell invasiveness and the mechanisms underlying such cellular responses. METHODS: Effects of HGF on cell invasion and motility were investigated in two human CCA cell lines, HuCCA-1 and KKU-M213, using Transwell in vitro assay. Levels of proteins of interest and their phosphorylated forms were determined by Western blotting. Localization of E-cadherin was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and visualized under confocal microscope. Activities of matrix degrading enzymes were determined by zymography. RESULTS: Both CCA cell lines expressed higher Met levels than the H69 immortalized cholangiocyte cell line. HGF induced invasion and motility of the cell lines and altered E-cadherin from membrane to cytoplasm localization, but did not affect the levels of secreted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and urokinase plasminogen activator, key matrix degrading enzymes involved in cell invasion. Concomitantly, HGF stimulated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation but with slightly different kinetic profiles in the two cell lines. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, markedly suppressed HGF-stimulated invasion of both CCA cell lines, and inhibition of the ERK pathway by U0126 suppressed HGF-induced invasion of the KKU-M213 cell line but had a moderate effect on HuCCA-1 cells. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that HGF promotes CCA cell invasiveness through dys-localization of E-cadherin and induction of cell motility by distinct signaling pathways depending on cell line type. (C) 2010 Baishideng. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1007-9327 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i6.713 Record 267 of 726 Author(s): Akaraviputh, T (Akaraviputh, Thawatchai); Arunakul, S (Arunakul, Satida); Lohsiriwat, V (Lohsiriwat, Varut); Iramaneerat, C (Iramaneerat, Cherdsak); Trakarnsanga, A (Trakarnsanga, Atthaphorn) Title: Surgery for gastrointestinal malignant melanoma: Experience from surgical training center Source: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, 16 (6): 745-748 FEB 14 2010 Abstract: AIM: To characterize clinical features, surgery, outcome, and survival of malignant melanoma (MM) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a surgical training center in Bangkok, Thailand. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for all patients with MM of the GI tract treated at our institution between 1997 and 2007. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had GI involvement either in a metastatic form or as a primary melanoma. Thirteen patients with sufficient data were reviewed. The median age of the patients was 66 years (range: 32-87 years). Ten patients were female and three were male. Seven patients had primary melanomas of the anal canal, stomach and the sigmoid colon (5, 1 and 1 cases, respectively). Seven patients underwent curative resections: three abdominoperineal resections, two wide local excisions, one total gastrectomy and one sigmoidectomy. Six patients had distant metastatic lesions at the time of diagnosis, which made curative resection an inappropriate choice. Patients who underwent curative resection exhibited a longer mean survival time (29.7 mo, range: 10-96 mo) than did patients in the palliative group (4.8 mo, P = 0.0006). CONCLUSION: GI MM had an unfavorable prognosis, except in patients who underwent curative resection (53.8% of cases), who had a mean survival of 29.7 mo. (C) 2010 Baishideng. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1007-9327 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i6.745 Record 268 of 726 Author(s): Netsawang, J (Netsawang, Janjuree); Noisakran, S (Noisakran, Sansanee); Puttikhunt, C (Puttikhunt, Chunya); Kasinrerk, W (Kasinrerk, Watchara); Wongwiwat, W (Wongwiwat, Wiyada); Malasit, P (Malasit, Prida); Yenchitsomanus, PT (Yenchitsomanus, Pa-thai); Limjindaporn, T (Limjindaporn, Thawornchai) Title: Nuclear localization of dengue virus capsid protein is required for DAXX interaction and apoptosis Source: VIRUS RESEARCH, 147 (2): 275-283 FEB 2010 Abstract: Dengue virus capsid protein (DENVC) localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus of dengue virus-infected cells. DENV C contains three nuclear localization signals (NLS), (6)KKAR(9), (KKSK76)-K-73, and the bipartite signal (85)RKeigrmlnilnRRRR(100). Stable HepG2 cells constitutively expressing DENV C, DENV C (Delta 85-100) and DENV C (Delta 73-100) were constructed to clarify whether nuclear translocation of DENV C affected apoptosis in liver cell line. While the wild-type DENV C could translocate into the nuclei of HepG2 cells, the mutant DENV Cs were restricted to the cytoplasm. The loss of nuclear localization of both mutant DENV Cs resulted in the disruption of their interactions with the apoptotic protein Daxx. Interestingly, upon treatment with anti-Fas antibody, the HepG2 cells expressing the wild-type DENV C showed significantly more apoptosis compared with the HepG2 cells expressing either mutant DENV C. To identify the amino acids required for DAXX interaction and apoptosis, substitution mutations either (K73A/K74A) or (R85A/K86A) were introduced into the C-terminal region of DENV C, and tested whether these mutations affected its interaction with Daxx and apoptosis. The results demonstrate that (KK)-K-73 and (RK)-R-85 of DENV C are important for its nuclear localization, interaction with DAXX and induction of apoptosis. This work is the first to demonstrate that nuclear localization of DENV C is required for DAXX interaction and apoptosis. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0168-1702 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.11.012 Record 269 of 726 Author(s): Sawasdidoln, C (Sawasdidoln, Chakrit); Taweechaisupapong, S (Taweechaisupapong, Suwimol); Sermswan, RW (Sermswan, Rasana W.); Tattawasart, U (Tattawasart, Unchalee); Tungpradabkul, S (Tungpradabkul, Sumalee); Wongratanacheewin, S (Wongratanacheewin, Surasakdi) Title: Growing Burkholderia pseudomallei in Biofilm Stimulating Conditions Significantly Induces Antimicrobial Resistance Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (2): Art. No. e9196 FEB 12 2010 Abstract: Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis, was reported to produce biofilm. As the disease causes high relapse rate when compared to other bacterial infections, it therefore might be due to the reactivation of the biofilm forming bacteria which also provided resistance to antimicrobial agents. However, the mechanism on how biofilm can provide tolerance to antimicrobials is still unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings: The change in resistance of B. pseudomallei to doxycycline, ceftazidime, imipenem, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole during biofilm formation were measured as minimum biofilm elimination concentration (MBEC) in 50 soil and clinical isolates and also in capsule, flagellin, LPS and biofilm mutants. Almost all planktonic isolates were susceptible to all agents studied. In contrast, when they were grown in the condition that induced biofilm formation, they were markedly resistant to all antimicrobial agents even though the amount of biofilm production was not the same. The capsule and O-side chains of LPS mutants had no effect on biofilm formation whereas the flagellin-defective mutant markedly reduced in biofilm production. No alteration of LPS profiles was observed when susceptible form was changed to resistance. The higher amount of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) was detected in the high biofilm-producing isolates. Interestingly, the biofilm mutant which produced a very low amount of biofilm and was sensitive to antimicrobial agents significantly resisted those agents when grown in biofilm inducing condition. Conclusions/Significance: The possible drug resistance mechanism of biofilm mutants and other isolates is not by having biofilm but rather from some factors that up-regulated when biofilm formation genes were stimulated. The understanding of genes related to this situation may lead us to prevent B. pseudomallei biofilms leading to the relapse of melioidosis. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e9196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009196 Record 270 of 726 Author(s): Miotto, O (Miotto, Olivo); Heiny, AT (Heiny, A. T.); Albrecht, R (Albrecht, Randy); Garcia-Sastre, A (Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo); Tan, TW (Tan, Tin Wee); August, JT (August, J. Thomas); Brusic, V (Brusic, Vladimir) Title: Complete-Proteome Mapping of Human Influenza A Adaptive Mutations: Implications for Human Transmissibility of Zoonotic Strains Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (2): Art. No. e9025 FEB 3 2010 Abstract: Background: There is widespread concern that H5N1 avian influenza A viruses will emerge as a pandemic threat, if they become capable of human-to-human (H2H) transmission. Avian strains lack this capability, which suggests that it requires important adaptive mutations. We performed a large-scale comparative analysis of proteins from avian and human strains, to produce a catalogue of mutations associated with H2H transmissibility, and to detect their presence in avian isolates. Methodology/Principal Findings: We constructed a dataset of influenza A protein sequences from 92,343 public database records. Human and avian sequence subsets were compared, using a method based on mutual information, to identify characteristic sites where human isolates present conserved mutations. The resulting catalogue comprises 68 characteristic sites in eight internal proteins. Subtype variability prevented the identification of adaptive mutations in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. The high number of sites in the ribonucleoprotein complex suggests interdependence between mutations in multiple proteins. Characteristic sites are often clustered within known functional regions, suggesting their functional roles in cellular processes. By isolating and concatenating characteristic site residues, we defined adaptation signatures, which summarize the adaptive potential of specific isolates. Most adaptive mutations emerged within three decades after the 1918 pandemic, and have remained remarkably stable thereafter. Two lineages with stable internal protein constellations have circulated among humans without reassorting. On the contrary, H5N1 avian and swine viruses reassort frequently, causing both gains and losses of adaptive mutations. Conclusions: Human host adaptation appears to be complex and systemic, involving nearly all influenza proteins. Adaptation signatures suggest that the ability of H5N1 strains to infect humans is related to the presence of an unusually high number of adaptive mutations. However, these mutations appear unstable, suggesting low pandemic potential of H5N1 in its current form. In addition, adaptation signatures indicate that pandemic H1N1/09 strain possesses multiple human-transmissibility mutations, though not an unusually high number with respect to swine strains that infected humans in the past. Adaptation signatures provide a novel tool for identifying zoonotic strains with the potential to infect humans. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e9025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009025 Record 271 of 726 Author(s): Becquart, P (Becquart, Pierre); Wauquier, N (Wauquier, Nadia); Mahlakoiv, T (Mahlakoiv, Tanel); Nkoghe, D (Nkoghe, Dieudonne); Padilla, C (Padilla, Cindy); Souris, M (Souris, Marc); Ollomo, B (Ollomo, Benjamin); Gonzalez, JP (Gonzalez, Jean-Paul); De Lamballerie, X (De Lamballerie, Xavier); Kazanji, M (Kazanji, Mirdad); Leroy, EM (Leroy, Eric M.) Title: High Prevalence of Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among Rural Populations in Gabon Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (2): Art. No. e9126 FEB 9 2010 Abstract: To better understand Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) circulation and transmission to humans, we conducted a large serological survey of rural populations in Gabon, a country characterized by both epidemic and non epidemic regions. The survey lasted three years and covered 4,349 individuals from 220 randomly selected villages, representing 10.7% of all villages in Gabon. Using a sensitive and specific ELISA method, we found a ZEBOV-specific IgG seroprevalence of 15.3% overall, the highest ever reported. The seroprevalence rate was significantly higher in forested areas (19.4%) than in other ecosystems, namely grassland (12.4%), savannah (10.5%), and lakeland (2.7%). No other risk factors for seropositivity were found. The specificity of anti-ZEBOV IgG was confirmed by Western blot in 138 individuals, and CD8 T cells from seven IgG+ individuals were shown to produce IFN-gamma after ZEBOV stimulation. Together, these findings show that a large fraction of the human population living in forested areas of Gabon has both humoral and cellular immunity to ZEBOV. In the absence of identified risk factors, the high prevalence of "immune'' persons suggests a common source of human exposure such as fruits contaminated by bat saliva. These findings provide significant new insights into ZEBOV circulation and human exposure, and raise important questions as to the human pathogenicity of ZEBOV and the existence of natural protective immunization. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e9126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009126 Record 272 of 726 Author(s): Arayasantiparb, R (Arayasantiparb, Raweewan); Tsuchimochi, M (Tsuchimochi, Makoto) Title: Quantification of disc displacement in internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint using magnetic resonance imaging Source: ODONTOLOGY, 98 (1): 73-81 FEB 2010 Abstract: Many measures have been developed to determine the extent of disc displacement in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative method of analyzing disc position and to evaluate the positions of the disc in internal derangements of the TMJ (group 1, with reduction; group 2, without reduction). Magnetic resonance images of 150 TMJs in 20 healthy volunteers and 55 patients with internal derangements were evaluated. The anatomical points of interest of the TMJ, including the anterior (DA) and posterior (DP) points of the disc, were marked on parasagittal magnetic resonance images of the TMJ disc taken in both the closed- and the open-mouth positions. All points were recorded using an x-y coordinate system, with reference to a referral line. In the closed-mouth position, the DP in patients in group 1 was situated in a more-anterior direction than the DP in volunteers. The DP in group 2 was located further anterior and inferior than the DP in group 1. However, the position of the DA did not differ between group 1 and group 2. In the open-mouth position, the DP was displaced anteroinferiorly to a greater extent in group 2 than in group 1 (one-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffe's test; P < 0.0001). The distance between the disc points in the closed- and open-mouth positions was also evaluated. Comparison of the disc point position in the closed- and open-mouth positions in symptomatic and asymptomatic displaced TMJ discs revealed no significant difference. In conclusion, most of our results quantitatively support previously reported findings in imaging, surgical, and histopathological studies of TMJ internal derangement. We suggest that our measure of disc position of the TMJ would be useful to assess the status and response to treatment of internal derangements of the TMJ. ISSN: 1618-1247 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-009-0115-6 Record 273 of 726 Author(s): Barbazan, P (Barbazan, P.); Guiserix, M (Guiserix, M.); Boonyuan, W (Boonyuan, W.); Tuntaprasart, W (Tuntaprasart, W.); Pontier, D (Pontier, D.); Gonzalez, JP (Gonzalez, J. -P.) Title: Modelling the effect of temperature on transmission of dengue Source: MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, 24 (1): 66-73 MAR 2010 Abstract: The main entomological parameters involved in the rate of dengue virus transmission include the longevity of female mosquitoes, the time interval between bites and the extrinsic incubation period of the virus. Field and laboratory data provide estimates for these parameters, but their interactions with other factors (e.g. host population density and environmental parameters) make their integration into a transmission model quite complex. To estimate the impact of these parameters on transmission, we developed a model of virus transmission by a vector population which predicts the number of potentially infective bites under a range of temperatures and entomological parameters, including the daily survival rate of females, the interval between bites and the extrinsic incubation period. Results show that in a stable population, an increase in mosquito longevity disproportionately enhances the number of potential transmissions (e.g. by as much as five times when the survival rate rises from 0.80 to 0.95). Halving the length of the biting interval with a 10-degrees C rise in temperature increases the transmission rate by at least 2.4 times. Accordingly, the model can predict changes in dengue transmission associated with short-term variation in seasonal temperature and also with potentially long-lasting increases in global temperatures. ISSN: 0269-283X Record 274 of 726 Author(s): Kachaiyaphum, P (Kachaiyaphum, Prasit); Howteerakul, N (Howteerakul, Nopporn); Sujirarat, D (Sujirarat, Dusit); Siri, S (Siri, Sukhontha); Suwannapong, N (Suwannapong, Nawarat) Title: Serum Cholinesterase Levels of Thai Chilli-Farm Workers Exposed to Chemical Pesticides: Prevalence Estimates and Associated Factors Source: JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, 52 (1): 89-98 JAN 2010 Abstract: Serum Cholinesterase Levels of Thai Chilli-Farm Workers Exposed to Chemical Pesticides: Prevalence Estimates and Associated Factors: Prasit KACHAIYAPHUM, et al. Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Thailand-Objective: To estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, abnormal serum cholinesterase (SChE) levels among chilli-farm workers in Chatturat District, Chaiyaphum Province Methods: A total of 350 chilli-farm workers aged 18-60 yr were randomly sampled and interviewed A reactive-paper finger-blood test was used to assess SChE levels Results: The prevalence of abnormal SChE levels was 32.0%. The most common pesticide-related symptoms were dizziness (38.0%), headache (30.9%), nausea/vomiting (26.9%), and fever (26.9%) Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed 7 factors were independently associated with abnormal SChE level male gender, single/separated/divorced, being a permanent worker, spraying pesticide more than 3 times per month, having moderate or poor pesticide-use behaviors, and low perceived susceptibility and severity of pesticide use. Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal SChE levels among chilli-farm workers was quite high. It would be beneficial to decrease pesticide use and encourage alternative measures. Effective preventive interventions to increase correct perceptions of pesticide use, the use of personal protective measures and continuing monitoring for blood cholinesterase, especially for male permanent farm workers, are recommended (J Occup Health 2010, 52 89-98) ISSN: 1341-9145 Record 275 of 726 Author(s): Lawung, R (Lawung, Ratana); Charoenwatanachokchai, A (Charoenwatanachokchai, Angkana); Cherdtrakulkiat, R (Cherdtrakulkiat, Rungrot); Thammapiwan, S (Thammapiwan, Sivarak); Mungniponpan, T (Mungniponpan, Tharinda); Bulow, L (Bulow, Leif); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong) Title: Antibiograms and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reactions (RAPD-PCR) as Epidemiological Markers of Gonorrhea Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, 24 (1): 31-37 2010 Abstract: The development of antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae arising from wide dissemination of resistant clones is a major global health problem. In this study, a total of 235 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from patients of Bangrak Hospital were tested for their antibiotic susceptibilities to penicillin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin, and ceftriaxone. Mutation (Ser-91) in the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA and random amplification of the polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) were examined from 145 isolates. Among these, 55 isolates were obtained during January-March 2000, 46 isolates during January-March 2002, and 44 isolates during October-December 2002. The occurrence of combination resistance between penicillin and quinolone was 20% in January-March 2000, which was increased to 57.8% during the period of October-December 2002 (P<0.0001). Mutation of Ser-91 in gyrA could be directly linked with the resistance or declining of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Using RAPD-PCR, we could classify the 145 isolates into 4 and 5 groups by primers D11344 (5'-AGTGAATTCGCGGTGAGATGCCA-3') and D8635 (5'-GAGCGGCCAAAGGGAG-CA GAC-3'), respectively. Combination of the data obtained from these two primers produced 11 fingerprint groups. Our findings conclude that monitoring of the Ser-91 mutation of gyrA and RAPD-PCR methods are most useful for epidemiological screening. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:31-37, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ISSN: 0887-8013 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20355 Record 276 of 726 Author(s): Thongboonkerd, V (Thongboonkerd, Visith) Title: Proteomics in extracorporeal blood purification and peritoneal dialysis Source: JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS, 73 (3): 521-526 Sp. Iss. SI JAN 3 2010 Abstract: Extracorporeal blood purification and peritoneal dialysis are widely used in renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acute kidney injury (AKI). Additionally, extracorporeal blood purification can be used also for treatment of non-renal disorders to remove endogenous or exogenous toxins from the blood circulation. Efforts have been made to characterize these toxins removed by diffusion (dialysis), convection (ultrafiltration), and/or adsorption (toxins are adsorbed onto the dialysis membrane and are thus removed) using different types of dialysis membrane. This review summarizes important findings obtained from recent proteomic studies applied to extracorporeal blood purification and peritoneal dialysis in settings of ESRD, AKI and hepatic failure. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1874-3919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.06.003 Record 277 of 726 Author(s): Sintiprungrat, K (Sintiprungrat, Kitisak); Singhto, N (Singhto, Nilubon); Sinchaikul, S (Sinchaikul, Supachok); Chen, ST (Chen, Shui-Tein); Thongboonkerd, V (Thongboonkerd, Visith) Title: Alterations in cellular proteome and secretome upon differentiation from monocyte to macrophage by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate: Insights into biological processes Source: JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS, 73 (3): 602-618 Sp. Iss. SI JAN 3 2010 Abstract: Monocyte and macrophage are mainly involved in immune response and inflammatory processes. Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream and migrate to various tissues where they can differentiate to macrophages. However, the molecular basis of biological processes involved in this cellular differentiation remains ambiguous. This study was to investigate alterations in cellular and secreted proteins after this differentiation phase. Macrophage was differentiated from U937 human monocytic cell line by treatment with 100 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for 48 h. Cellular and secreted proteins extracted from PMA-treated cells (macrophages) were compared with those of untreated cells (monocytes) using 2-DE (n=5 gels/condition; stained with Deep Purple fluorescence dye). Quantitative intensity analysis revealed 81 and 67 protein spots whose levels were significantly altered in cellular proteome and secretome. These proteins were subsequently identified by Q-TOF MS and/or MS/MS analyses. The altered levels of cellular elongation factor-2 (EF-2) and secreted alpha-tubulin were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Global protein network analysis demonstrated that these altered proteins were involved in cell death, lipid metabolism, cell morphology, cellular movement, and protein folding. our data may provide some insights into molecular mechanisms of biological processes upon differentiation from monocytes to macrophages. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1874-3919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.08.001 Record 278 of 726 Author(s): Atchaneeyasakul, LO (Atchaneeyasakul, La-ongsri); Trinavarat, A (Trinavarat, Adisak); Pituksung, A (Pituksung, Auengporn); Jinda, W (Jinda, Worapoj); Thongnoppakhun, W (Thongnoppakhun, Wanna); Limwongse, C (Limwongse, Chanin) Title: Mutations in the XLRS1 gene in Thai families with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis Source: JAPANESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 54 (1): 89-93 JAN 2010 Abstract: To identify genetic mutations of the XLRS1 gene and to describe the ocular phenotypes in two unrelated Thai patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. Ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity and fundus examination and photography, was performed in all participants. Electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography were performed when possible. All six exons of the XLRS1 gene were amplified, and mutation screening was determined by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing. Two point mutations were identified, a novel missense mutation c.378A > G (p.D126G) in exon 5 and a reported mutation c.637C > T (p.R213W) in exon 6. The first proband with the p.D126G mutation developed vitreous hemorrhage in both eyes at age 7 months. Foveal and peripheral schisis with several inner layer holes were detected in both eyes. The second proband with the p.R213W mutation developed slightly blurred vision at age 10 years. Fundus examination showed numerous fine white dots at the macula without foveal or peripheral schisis. Electronegative ERG results were documented in both probands. A novel p.D126G mutation appeared to be associated with a severe phenotype with vitreous hemorrhage developing in infancy. Both intra- and interfamilial clinical variabilities were recognized in our patients. ISSN: 0021-5155 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-009-0748-6 Record 279 of 726 Author(s): Prabhasawat, P (Prabhasawat, Pinnita); Leelaporn, A (Leelaporn, Amornrut); Tesavibul, N (Tesavibul, Nattaporn); Uiprasertkul, M (Uiprasertkul, Mongkol); Chirapapaisan, C (Chirapapaisan, Chareenun) Title: Molecular identification by 16S rDNA sequencing using excised corneal tissues: A useful diagnostic tool for refractory keratitis Source: JAPANESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 54 (1): 97-100 JAN 2010 ISSN: 0021-5155 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-009-0768-2 Record 280 of 726 Author(s): Nuinoon, M (Nuinoon, Manit); Makarasara, W (Makarasara, Wattanan); Mushiroda, T (Mushiroda, Taisei); Setianingsih, I (Setianingsih, Iswari); Wahidiyat, PA (Wahidiyat, Pustika Amalia); Sripichai, O (Sripichai, Orapan); Kumasaka, N (Kumasaka, Natsuhiko); Takahashi, A (Takahashi, Atsushi); Svasti, S (Svasti, Saovaros); Munkongdee, T (Munkongdee, Thongperm); Mahasirimongkol, S (Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth); Peerapittayamongkol, C (Peerapittayamongkol, Chayanon); Viprakasit, V (Viprakasit, Vip); Kamatani, N (Kamatani, Naoyuki); Winichagoon, P (Winichagoon, Pranee); Kubo, M (Kubo, Michiaki); Nakamura, Y (Nakamura, Yusuke); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat) Title: A genome-wide association identified the common genetic variants influence disease severity in beta(0)-thalassemia/hemoglobin E Source: HUMAN GENETICS, 127 (3): 303-314 MAR 2010 Abstract: beta-Thalassemia/HbE disease is clinically variable. In searching for genetic factors modifying the disease severity, patients were selected based on their disease severities, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed. Genotyping was conducted with the Illumina Human 610-Quad BeadChips array using DNAs from 618 Thai beta(0)-thalassemia/HbE patients who were classified as 383 severe and 235 mild phenotypes by a validated scoring system. Twenty-three SNPs in three independent genes/regions were identified as being significantly associated with the disease severity. The highest association was observed with SNPs in the beta-globin gene cluster (chr.11p15), and rs2071348 of the HBBP1 gene revealed the most significant association [P = 2.96 x 10(-13), odds ratio (OR) = 4.33 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.74-6.84)]. The second was identified in the intergenic region between the HBS1L and MYB genes (chr.6q23), among which rs9376092 was the most significant [P = 2.36 x 10(-10), OR = 3.07 (95% CI, 2.16-4.38)]. The third region was located in the BCL11A gene (chr.2p16.1), and rs766432 showed the most significant association [P = 5.87 x 10(-10), OR = 3.06 (95% CI, 2.15-4.37)]. All three loci were replicated in an independent cohort of 174 Indonesian patients. The associations to fetal hemoglobin levels were also observed with SNPs on these three regions. Our data indicate that several genetic loci act in concert to influence HbF levels of beta(0)-thalassemia/HbE patients. This study revealed that all the three reported loci and the alpha-globin gene locus are the best and common predictors of the disease severity in beta-thalassemia. ISSN: 0340-6717 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0770-2 Record 281 of 726 Author(s): Thamwiriyasati, N (Thamwiriyasati, Niramon); Powthongchin, B (Powthongchin, Busaba); Kittiworakarn, J (Kittiworakarn, Jongrak); Katzenmeier, G (Katzenmeier, Gerd); Angsuthanasombat, C (Angsuthanasombat, Chanan) Title: Esterase activity of Bordetella pertussis CyaC-acyltransferase against synthetic substrates: implications for catalytic mechanism in vivo Source: FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, 304 (2): 183-190 MAR 2010 Abstract: Adenylate cyclase-hemolysin toxin (CyaA) produced from the human respiratory tract pathogen Bordetella pertussis requires fatty-acyl modification by CyaC-acyltransferase to become an active toxin. Previously, the recombinant CyaA pore-forming (CyaA-PF) fragment expressed in Escherichia coli was shown to be hemolytically active upon palmitoylation in vivo by cosynthesized CyaC. Here, the 21-kDa CyaC enzyme separately expressed in E. coli as an inclusion body was solubilized in 8 M urea and successfully refolded into an enzymatically active monomer. In addition to the capability of activating CyaA-PF in vitro, CyaC showed esterase activity against p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP), with preferential hydrolysis toward pNPP when compared with chymotrypsin. A homology-based CyaC structure suggested a conceivable role of a catalytic triad including Ser30, His33 and Tyr66 in substrate catalysis. Alanine substitutions of these individual residues caused a drastic decrease in specific activities of all three mutant enzymes (S30A, H33A and Y66A) toward pNPP, signifying that CyaC-acyltransferase shares a similar mechanism of hydrolysis with a serine esterase in which Ser30 is part of the catalytic triad. ISSN: 0378-1097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01896.x Record 282 of 726 Author(s): Boonchird, C (Boonchird, C.); Mahapanichkul, T (Mahapanichkul, T.); Cherdshewasart, W (Cherdshewasart, W.) Title: Differential binding with ER alpha and ER beta of the phytoestrogen-rich plant Pueraria mirifica Source: BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 43 (2): 195-200 FEB 2010 Abstract: Variations in the estrogenic activity of the phytoestrogen-rich plant, Pueraria mirifica, were determined with yeast estrogen screen (YES) consisting of human estrogen receptors (hER) hER alpha and hER beta and human transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (hTIF2) or human steroid receptor coactivator 1 (hSRC1), respectively, together with the beta-galactosidase expression cassette. Relative estrogenic potency was expressed by determining the beta-galactosidase activity (EC50) of the tuber extracts in relation to 17 beta-estradiol. Twenty-four and 22 of the plant tuber ethanolic extracts interacted with hER alpha and hER beta, respectively, with a higher relative estrogenic potency with hER beta than with hER alpha. Antiestrogenic activity of the plant extracts was also determined by incubation of plant extracts with 17 beta-estradiol prior to YES assay. The plant extracts tested exhibited antiestrogenic activity. Both the estrogenic and the antiestrogenic activity of the tuber extracts were metabolically activated with the rat liver S9-fraction prior to the assay indicating the positive influence of liver enzymes. Correlation analysis between estrogenic potency and the five major isoflavonoid contents within the previously HPLC-analyzed tuberous samples namely puerarin, daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein revealed a negative result. ISSN: 0100-879X Record 283 of 726 Author(s): Nakano, K (Nakano, K.); Nomura, R (Nomura, R.); Taniguchi, N (Taniguchi, N.); Lapirattanakul, J (Lapirattanakul, J.); Kojima, A (Kojima, A.); Naka, S (Naka, S.); Senawongse, P (Senawongse, P.); Srisatjaluk, R (Srisatjaluk, R.); Gronroos, L (Gronroos, L.); Alaluusua, S (Alaluusua, S.); Matsumoto, M (Matsumoto, M.); Ooshima, T (Ooshima, T.) Title: Molecular characterization of Streptococcus mutans strains containing the cnm gene encoding a collagen-binding adhesin Source: ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY, 55 (1): 34-39 JAN 2010 Abstract: Objective: Streptococcus mutans, known to be a major pathogen of dental caries, is also considered to cause infective endocarditis. its 120-kDa Cnm protein binds to type I collagen, which may be a potential virulence factor. In this study, we characterized S. mutans clinical strains focusing on the cnm gene encoding Cnm. Design: A total of 528 S. mutans strains isolated from Japanese, Finnish, and Thai subjects were investigated. Using molecular techniques, the distribution frequency of cnm-positive strains and location of the inserted cnm were analyzed. Furthermore, isogenic mutant strains were constructed by inactivation of the cnm gene, then their biological properties of collagen-binding and glucan-binding were evaluated. Southern hybridization of the genes encoding glucan-binding proteins was also performed. Results: The distribution frequency of cnm-positive strains from Thai subjects was 12%, similar to that previously reported for Japanese and Finnish subjects. Furthermore, the location of insertion of cnm was the same in all cnm-positive clinical isolates. As for the cnm-inactivated mutant strains constructed from 28 clinical isolates, their collagen-binding activity was negligible. in addition, glucan-binding activity in the crim-positive clinical isolates was significantly reduced and corresponded to a lack of gbpA encoding glucan-binding protein A. Conclusions: Our results indicate that strains with cnm genes, the most crucial factor for the collagen-binding property of S. mutans, are detectable at similar frequencies over several different geographic locations. In addition, the common properties of these strains are a high level of collagen-binding activity and tendency for a low level of glucan-binding activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0003-9969 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.11.008 Record 284 of 726 Author(s): Kitani, S (Kitani, Shigeru); Doi, M (Doi, Masashi); Shimizu, T (Shimizu, Tomohito); Maeda, A (Maeda, Asa); Nihira, T (Nihira, Takuya) Title: Control of secondary metabolism by farX, which is involved in the gamma-butyrolactone biosynthesis of Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5 Source: ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY, 192 (3): 211-220 MAR 2010 Abstract: The gamma-butyrolactone signaling system is distributed widely among streptomycetes as an important regulatory mechanism of antibiotic production and/or morphological differentiation. IM-2 [(2R,3R,1'R)-2-(1'-hydroxybutyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butanolide] is a gamma-butyrolactone that switches off the production of d-cycloserine but switches on the production of several nucleoside antibiotics as well as blue pigment in Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5. farX is a member of the afsA-family genes, which are proposed to encode enzymes involved in gamma-butyrolactone biosynthesis. Disruption of farX caused overproduction of d-cycloserine, and abolished production of nucleoside antibiotic and blue pigment with the loss of IM-2 production. The finding that all phenotypic changes observed in the farX disruptant were restored by the addition of exogenous IM-2 suggested that FarX plays a biosynthetic role in IM-2 production. Transcriptional comparison between the wild-type strain and the farX disruptant revealed that, in addition to already known genes farR1 and farR2, several other genes (farR4, farD, and farE) are under the transcriptional regulation of IM-2. Furthermore, the fact that farX transcription is under the control of IM-2 suggested that S. lavendulae FRI-5 has a fine-tuning system to control gamma-butyrolactone production. ISSN: 0302-8933 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0550-3 Record 285 of 726 Author(s): Vongvatcharanon, U (Vongvatcharanon, Uraporn); Khornchatri, K (Khornchatri, Kanjana); Udomuksorn, W (Udomuksorn, Wandee); Kumarnsit, E (Kumarnsit, Ekkasit); Vongvatcharanon, S (Vongvatcharanon, Surapong); Sbhon, P (Sbhon, Prasert) Title: Influence of aging and long-term swimming exercise on parvalbumin distribution in rat hearts Source: ACTA HISTOCHEMICA, 112 (1): 72-80 2010 Abstract: Parvalbumin (PV), which is a small (12 kDa) cytoplasmic calcium-binding protein, has been implicated in mediating relaxation in cardiac myocytes. The influence of aging and exercise on the distribution of PV in rat heart was investigated. Mate Wistar rats aged 3, 6, 12 and 18-months were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. The exercise group underwent exercise in the form of regular swimming for 6 months. The hearts were processed for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The intensity of PV immunoreactivity was strong in the 9 and 12-month hearts and decreased in the 18-month hearts. The smallest amount was detected in the 24-month rat hearts when compared to those of the 9, 12 and 18-month rat hearts. Significantly less PV was detected in the 18 and 24-month hearts compared to the 12-month rat hearts (P<0.05). The intensity of PV immunoreactivity was considerably stronger in hearts of the 9, 12 and 18-months exercised rats than in hearts of age-matched sedentary rats. However, in the hearts of 24-month rats, immunoreactivity was only slightly stronger in the exercised rats in comparison with those of sedentary rats. A significant increase of PV detection in hearts was found in the exercised rats in comparison with sedentary rats in the 9 (P<0.05) and 18-month samples (P<0.01). Our data indicate that IDV is down-regulated in the rat heart during aging. In addition, our data indicate that long-term swimming exercise could induce an increase of PV expression. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0065-1281 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.09.001 Record 286 of 726 Author(s): Vongvatcharanon, U (Vongvatcharanon, Uraporn); Udomuksorn, W (Udomuksorn, Wandee); Vongvatcharanon, S (Vongvatcharanon, Surapong); Sobhon, P (Sobhon, Prasert) Title: Age-related changes in parvalbumin in the heart of female rats Source: ACTA HISTOCHEMICA, 112 (1): 96-100 2010 Abstract: Changes of parvalbumin protein levels and immunolocalisation during the postnatal development of the female rat heart were investigated in order to determine if they were correlated with age-related changes in cardiac function. Hearts from newborn, 3-month-old (young), 6-month-old (young adult) and 12-month-old (adult) female Wistar rats were processed for immunohistochemical localization of parvalbumin and for Western blotting assay. Parvalbumin was detected by both methods in all age groups from newborn to 12-month-old rats. In the newborn rat heart, parvalbumin immunoreactivity did not fully fill the sarcoplasm of the cardiac myocytes and the amount of parvalbumin was tow compared to the adult levels. in contrast, in 3-12-month-old rats, strong parvalbumin immunoreactivity was detected throughout the sarcoplasm of all cardiac myocytes and the amount of parvalbumin increased with increasing age (from newborn to adult). Our study indicates that an increase of parvalbumin levels in the female rat heart with increasing age may be associated with maintenance of proper relaxation of the cardiac myocytes needed to cope with the increasing workload of the heart during postnatal growth. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0065-1281 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.07.004 Record 287 of 726 Author(s): Lohsiriwat, V (Lohsiriwat, Varut) Title: Colonoscopic perforation: Incidence, risk factors, management and outcome Source: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, 16 (4): 425-430 JAN 28 2010 Abstract: This review discusses the incidence, risk factors, management and outcome of colonoscopic perforation (CP). The incidence of CP ranges from 0.016% to 0.2% following diagnostic colonoscopies and could be up to 5% following some colonoscopic interventions. The perforations are frequently related to therapeutic colonoscopies and are associated with patients of advanced age or with multiple comorbidities. Management of CP is mainly based on patients' clinical grounds and their underlying colorectal diseases. Current therapeutic approaches include conservative management (bowel rest plus the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics), endoscopic management, and operative management (open or laparoscopic approach). The applications of each treatment are discussed. Overall outcomes of patients with CP are also addressed. (C) 2010 Baishideng. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1007-9327 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i4.425 Record 288 of 726 Author(s): Thong-On, A (Thong-On, Arunee); Smittipat, N (Smittipat, Nat); Juthayothin, T (Juthayothin, Tada); Yanai, H (Yanai, Hideki); Yamada, N (Yamada, Norio); Yorsangsukkamol, J (Yorsangsukkamol, Jutaporn); Chaiprasert, A (Chaiprasert, Angkana); Rienthong, D (Rienthong, Dhanida); Billamas, P (Billamas, Pamaree); Palittapongarnpim, P (Palittapongarnpim, Prasit) Title: Variable-number tandem repeats typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with low copy numbers of IS6110 in Thailand Source: TUBERCULOSIS, 90 (1): 9-15 JAN 2010 Abstract: Spoligotyping and variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing have been increasingly used for differentiating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with low copy numbers of IS6110. However, there are few studies comparing their potential to type the strains originating from South and Southeast Asia where many of the isolates have only a few copies, or even single copy, of IS6110. Here, we evaluated the genotyping of 187 M. tuberculosis isolates harboring 1-6 copies of IS6110, available from a population-based study in Chiangrai, northern Thailand during 1998-2000, using spoligotyping and VNTR typing. The low-copy-number isolates constituted about 34% of all M. tuberculosis isolated in the province. Discriminating capacities and cluster identification by the two methods were compared with each other and to those obtained by the standard IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. We found that VNTR typing based on the studied 10-loci set generated more distinct patterns (151 patterns) than spoligotyping (54 patterns) and IS6110-RFLP (65 patterns). Most of the RFLP- or spoligotyping-defined clusters were subdivided by VNTR typing. Combining IS6110-RFLP with VNTR typing produced 164 distinct patterns and 21.9% of clustered isolates whereas the combination of IS6110-RFLP and spoligotyping gave 103 different patterns and 59.4% of clustered isolates. Our results confirm the utility of VNTR typing as the secondary method of choice for investigating the epidemiology of M. tuberculosis with low copy numbers of IS6110. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1472-9792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2009.10.006 Record 289 of 726 Author(s): Lowenberg, EC (Lowenberg, Ester C.); Charunwatthana, P (Charunwatthana, Prakaykaew); Cohen, S (Cohen, Sophie); van den Born, BJ (van den Born, Bert-Jan); Meijers, JCM (Meijers, Joost C. M.); Yunus, EB (Yunus, Emran B.); Hassan, MU (Hassan, Mahtab U.); Hoque, G (Hoque, Gofranul); Maude, RJ (Maude, Richard J.); Nuchsongsin, F (Nuchsongsin, Forradee); Levi, M (Levi, Marcel); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.) Title: Severe malaria is associated with a deficiency of von Willebrand factor cleaving protease, ADAMTS13 Source: THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, 103 (1): 181-187 JAN 2010 Abstract: Severe falciparum malaria remains a major killer in tropical countries. Central in the pathophysiology is mechanical obstruction in the microcirculation caused by cytoadherence and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes. However, the pathogenesis of many features complicating severe malaria, including coma, renal failure and thrombocytopenia, remains incompletely understood. These disease manifestations are also key features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a life-threatening disease strongly associated with a deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) cleaving protease, ADAMTS13. We measured plasma ADAMTS13 activity, VWF antigen and VWF propeptide levels in 30 patients with severe falciparum malaria, 12 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and 14 healthy Bangladeshi controls. in patients with severe malaria ADAMTS13 activity levels were markedly decreased in comparison to normal controls (mean [95%CI]: 23% [20-26] vs. 64% [55-72]) and VWF antigen and propeptide concentrations were significantly elevated (VWF antigen: 439% [396-481] vs. 64% [46-83]; VWF propeptide: 576% [481-671] vs. 69% [59-78]). In uncomplicated malaria VWF levels were also increased compared to healthy controls but ADAMTS13 activity was normal. The results suggest that decreased ADAMTS13 activity in combination with increased VWF concentrations may contribute to the complications in severe malaria. ISSN: 0340-6245 DOI: 10.1160/TH09-04-0223 Record 290 of 726 Author(s): Gerdsri, N (Gerdsri, Nathasit); Assakul, P (Assakul, Phensoame); Vatananan, RS (Vatananan, Ronald S.) Title: An activity guideline for technology roadmapping implementation Source: TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, 22 (2): 229-242 2010 Abstract: To strive for sustainability under today's intense business competition, organisations apply technology roadmapping (TRM) as a strategic planning tool to align their technology strategies with business strategies. Many organisations desire to integrate TRM into an ongoing strategic planning process. The consequences of TRM implementation can lead to some changes in the business process, organisational structure, or even working culture. Applying a change management approach will help organisations to understand the basic elements that an individual needs so that some challenges can be addressed in advance before adopting the TRM process. This paper proposes a practical guideline to implement technology roadmapping along with a case example. ISSN: 0953-7325 DOI: 10.1080/09537320903498553 Record 291 of 726 Author(s): Attia, J (Attia, John); Thakkinstian, A (Thakkinstian, Ammarin); McElduff, P (McElduff, Patrick); Milne, E (Milne, Elizabeth); Dawson, S (Dawson, Somer); Scott, RJ (Scott, Rodney J.); de Klerk, N (de Klerk, Nicholas); Armstrong, B (Armstrong, Bruce); Thompson, J (Thompson, John) Title: Detecting Genotyping Error Using Measures of Degree of Hardy-Weinberg Disequilibrium Source: STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 9 (1): Art. No. 5 2010 Abstract: Tests for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) have been used to detect genotyping error, but those tests have low power unless the sample size is very large. We assessed the performance of measures of departure from HWE as an alternative way of screening for genotyping error. Three measures of the degree of disequilibrium (alpha, ,D, and F) were tested for their ability to detect genotyping error of 5% or more using simulations and a real dataset of 184 children with leukemia genotyped at 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms. The simulations indicate that all three disequilibrium coefficients can usefully detect genotyping error as judged by the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve. Their discriminative ability increases as the error rate increases, and is greater if the genotyping error is in the direction of the minor allele. Optimal thresholds for detecting genotyping error vary for different allele frequencies and patterns of genotyping error but allele frequency-specific thresholds can be nominated. Applying these thresholds would have picked up about 90% of genotyping errors in our actual dataset. Measures of departure from HWE may be useful for detecting genotyping error, but this needs to be confirmed in other real datasets. ISSN: 1544-6115 Article Number: 5 DOI: 10.2202/1544-6115.1463 Record 292 of 726 Author(s): Jittapalapong, S (Jittapalapong, Sathaporn); Inpankaew, T (Inpankaew, Tawin); Pinyopanuwat, N (Pinyopanuwat, Nongnuch); Chimnoi, W (Chimnoi, Wissanuwat); Kengradomkij, C (Kengradomkij, Chanya); Wongnarkpet, S (Wongnarkpet, Sirichai); Maruyama, S (Maruyama, Soichi); Lekkla, A (Lekkla, Amorn); Sukthana, Y (Sukthana, Yaowalark) Title: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION OF STRAY CATS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 13-18 JAN 2010 Abstract: The objective of this Study was to investigate the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in stray cats in Bangkok. Sera were collected during 2006 and examined by Sabin-Feldman dye test. Five hundred sixty-four male and 926 female cats in and around monasteries from 50 districts were collected. Toxplasma gondii was detected in 72 (4.8%) of 1,490 cats. The prevalence was significantly higher in females (5.6%) than in males (3.6%). Cats more than 5 years old had the highest infection rate (51%). Fifty-six percent (28/50) of areas were positive for T. gondii in cats. Our results show T. gondii is widespread in stray cats in Bangkok. It is essential to control the number of stray cats in order to reduce the transmission of toxo-plasmosis to animals and humans. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 293 of 726 Author(s): Wilairatana, P (Wilairatana, Polrat); Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha); Tangpukdee, N (Tangpukdee, Noppadon) Title: MANAGEMENT OF PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI MALARIA WITHOUT PCR CONFIRMATION Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 19-21 JAN 2010 Abstract: Plasmodium knowlesi morphologically resembles P. malariae; PCR assays are able to differentiate between the 2 species correctly. However, PCR is not available in many hospitals in P. knowlesi endemic areas, particularly in Southeast Asia. In places where PCR is not available, anti-malarial drugs for P. malariae or other non-P. falciparum or P. falciparum species are effective against P. knowlesi. Even with a wrong diagnosis of another malaria species by light microscopy instead of P. knowlesi, the antimalarial drugs given are still effective for treating P. knowlesi infection. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 294 of 726 Author(s): Sato, M (Sato, Megumi); Pongvongsa, T (Pongvongsa, Tiengkham); Sanguankiat, S (Sanguankiat, Surapol); Yoonuan, T (Yoonuan, Tipparayat); Dekumyoy, P (Dekumyoy, Paron); Kalambaheti, T (Kalambaheti, Thareerat); Keomoungkhoun, M (Keomoungkhoun, Malaythong); Phimmayoi, I (Phimmayoi, Inthava); Boupha, B (Boupha, Boungnong); Moji, K (Moji, Kazuhiko); Waikagul, J (Waikagul, Jitra) Title: COPRO-DNA DIAGNOSIS OF OPISTHORCHIS VIVERRINI AND HAPLORCHIS TAICHUI INFECTION IN AN ENDEMIC AREA OF LAO PDR Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 28-35 JAN 2010 Abstract: The utility of differential copro-DNA diagnosis using modified sample preparation steps of small liver and minute intestinal fluke infections was tested. Fecal samples containing parasite eggs were washed extensively with diluted detergent Solution. Parasite eggs were concentrated by sedimentation and broken by microwaving before DNA extraction. PCR targeting ITS1 and ITS2 regions were performed using primer specific for Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui and other related species. Of 125 fecal samples, 94 were positive for small trematode eggs by a modified cellophane thick smear method. By ITS1-PCR, 52 samples were positive for O. viverrini, 12 H. taichui and 7 mixed infection. By ITS2-PCR, 63 were positive for O. viverrini, 17 H. taichui, and 19 mixed infection. The ITS-PCR assay identified a higher number of opisthorchiasis cases than those with O. viverrini expelled after treatment, but for H. taichui, ITS-PCR identified less than half of the worm expelled cases. These results showed that copro-DNA diagnosis was useful for the differential diagnosis of O. viverrini and H. taichui infection, which could not be discriminated by microscopy. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 295 of 726 Author(s): Sri-Aroon, P (Sri-aroon, Pusadee); Chusongsang, P (Chusongsang, Phiraphol); Chusongsang, Y (Chusongsang, Yupa); Surinthwong, P (Surinthwong, Pornpimol); Butraporn, P (Butraporn, Piyarat); Lohachit, C (Lohachit, Chantima) Title: SNAILS AND TREMATODE INFECTION AFTER INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI IN PHANG-NGA PROVINCE, SOUTHERN THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 48-60 JAN 2010 Abstract: The tsunami and non-tsunami affected areas of Takua Pa District, Phang-Nga Province were investigated for fresh- and brackish-water snails that transmit human parasitic diseases during 2006 and 2007. Among 46 snail species found, 17 species of 8 families were freshwater snails, 28 species of another 7 families were brackish-water snails, and 1 species was a land snail. Of these species, 11 freshwater snails, 4 brackish-water snails and 1 land snail were of medical importance. The fresh-water snails were Pomacea canaliculata, Pila angelica, P. gracilis, P. polita, Filopaludina (S.) martensi, F. (F.) s. polygramma, Melanoides tuberculata, Indoplanorbis exuxtus, Radix rubiginosa, Helicorbis umbilicalis, Gyraulus convexiusculus. Four brackish-water snails were Cerithidea cingulata, C. djadjarensis, C. alata, Sermyla riqueti and Achatina fulica was the land snail. I. exutus, M. tuberculata and F. (F.) s. polygramma harbored Xiphidio, Microcercus, Furocercus, Echinostome cercariae, and cercaria without eyespots or tail with hair. Three species of brackish-water snails, Cerithidia cingulata, C. djadjariensis, and C. alata presented with 6 types of trematode cercariae and rediae. Knowledge of medically important snails and their parasitic diseases, and prevention were given to Takua Pa people by poster, pamphlets and broadcasting through community radio. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 296 of 726 Author(s): Kittigul, L (Kittigul, Leera); Pombubpa, K (Pombubpa, Kannika); Sukonthalux, S (Sukonthalux, Suntharee); Rattanatham, T (Rattanatham, Tippawan); Utrarachkij, F (Utrarachkij, Fuangfa); Diraphat, P (Diraphat, Pornphan) Title: DETECTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS AND BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN RAW OYSTERS IN THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 105-113 JAN 2010 Abstract: This Study was conducted to determine the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in raw oysters (Crassostrea belcheri) using a virus concentration method and reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR). A total of 220 oyster samples were collected from oyster farms and local markets in Thailand. HAV was found in three oyster samples. Nested PCR products of HAV detected in oysters were characterized further by DNA sequencing of the VP1/2A, region and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. All HAV sequences (168 basepairs) were associated with human HAV subgenotype IB (GIB). Fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were determined using the multiple tube fermentation method, to assess the microbiological quality of collected oysters. Among oyster samples tested, 65% had fecal coliforms higher than the standard level for raw shellfish [<20 Most Probable Numbers (MPN)/g]; MPN values in the range of 2-1.0-4.6 x 10(4)/g. Most oyster samples (85%) were contaminated with E. coli in the range of 3.0-4.6 x 10(4) MPN/g. One oyster sample with an acceptable level of fecal coliforms contained HAV GIB. E. coli was found in all HAV-positive oyster samples. The results suggest a significant presence of HAV and bacterial indicators of fecal contamination in raw oysters, which are a health risk for consumers and a source of gastrointestinal illness. Enteric viruses Should also be tested to assess the micro-biological quality of oysters. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 297 of 726 Author(s): Aramaki, M (Aramaki, Maie); Silachamroon, U (Silachamroon, Udomsak); Desakorn, V (Desakorn, Varunee); Maek-A-Nantawat, W (Maek-a-nantawat, Wirach); Waiwaruwut, J (Waiwaruwut, Jirachai); Jutiwarakun, K (Jutiwarakun, Kamonwan); Kim, JH (Kim, Jerome Hahn); Pitisuttithum, P (Pitisuttithum, Punnee) Title: IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN ADULT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS IN THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 138-145 JAN 2010 Abstract: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an important ad verse event among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The epidemiology of IRIS in Thailand has not been well examined, especially among adult HIV-infected patients. In the present Study, we reviewed the medical records of 174 HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive patients older than 15 years (the median CD4 count at commencement of HAART was 37 cells/mm(3)) and compared characteristics of patients with and without IRIS. During a 12-month follow-up period after commencement of HAART, 11 cases (6.3%) of IRIS were identified (4.2/100 patient years HAART). The cases included nine cases with mycobacterial infection, one with cytomegalovirus retinitis and one with cryptococcal meningitis. The patients with IRIS were significantly Younger than those without IRIS (29 vs 36 on medians, p=0.022). The median interval between commencement of HAART and the onset of IRIS was 22 days. Although all patients with IRIS improved with or without corticosteroids, the were more frequently hospitalized during a 12-month folllow-up period while taking HAART (1 vs 0 on medians, p<0.001). The incidence of IRIS in advanced adult HIV-infected patients in Thailand was lower than that reported from Europe and the United States, which may be attributable to deferment of HAART after diagnosing opportunistic infections. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 298 of 726 Author(s): Jayathunge, MPH (Jayathunge, Mangala P. H.); Bowanwatanuwong, C (Bowanwatanuwong, Chureeratana); Maek-a-nantawat, W (Maek-a-nantawat, Wirach); Phonrat, B (Phonrat, Benjaluck); Pitisuttithum, P (Pitisuttithum, Punnee) Title: PSYCHOSOCIAL BURDEN OF ABNORMAL PAP SMEARS AMONG HIV-INFECTED WOMEN AT CHON BURI HOSPITAL, THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 224-234 JAN 2010 Abstract: This retrospective case-control Study assessed the psychological burden of abnormal Pap smears, and their prevalence and characteristics among HIV-infected women attending an HIV clinic. Women with positive (n = 73) and negative Pap-smear results (n = 317) were assessed for psychosocial burden using 4 questionnaires: Psycho-Social Impact of Abnormal Pap Smears (PEAPS-Q), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Work Productivity and Impairment (WPAI) and the EURO-Qol Thermometer. The prevalence of pre-cervical cancer lesions in HIV infected woman was 17.5% (ASCUS 2.9%, LSIL 3.8%, HSIL 7.4%, SCC 1.7%, and atypical glandular cells including adenocarcinoma 17%). HIV infected women with abnormal Pap smears showed higher anxiety levels oil the HADS questionnaire (p = 0.015); this had a significant effect oil regular daily activities (p = 0.009) per the WPAI questionnaire compared to HIV positive women with normal Pap smear. Ever married HIV infected woman with all abnormal Pap smear had a significantly lower psychosocial burden using the PEAPS-Q questionnaire (p<0.001). After adjusting for age and duration since last Pap smear, the education level of the patient was a strong predictor for anxiety. Patients, with a college education had significantly lower anxiety (p = 0.001, 95% CI -5.74 to -1.37) than those with lower or higher education. Women with HSIL were more anxious (p = 0.014, 95%, CI 0.491-4.39) than those with low grade or normal lesions. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 299 of 726 Author(s): Rirattanapong, P (Rirattanapong, Praphasri); Smutkeeree, A (Smutkeeree, Apiwan); Surarit, R (Surarit, Rudee); Saendsirinavin, C (Saendsirinavin, Chavenkiat); Kunanantsak, V (Kunanantsak, Vilasinee) Title: EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE DENTIFRICE ON REMINERALIZATION OF DEMINERALIZED PRIMARY ENAMEL Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 243-249 JAN 2010 Abstract: This Study was performed to compare the remineralizing effects of various concentrations of fluoride containing dentifrices against artificial demineralization of primary enamel. One hundred twenty primary incisors were partly covered with a nail varnish, leaving a 1x1 mm window, then placed in demineralizing Solution for 96 hours to produce artificial carious lesions 60-100 mu m in depth. They were assigned to 8 groups (A to H; n=15). Groups A-D were exposed to a half pea-sized portion of dentifrice (0.16 g) and groups E-H were exposed to a pea-sized portion of dentifrice (0.32 g), both groups with fluoride concentrations of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 ppm. The pH-cycling method was carried Out for 7 days, then the teeth were cut through the lesions and examined under a polarized light microscope; photographs were taken and analyzed. Lesion depth was measured using a Computerized method using the Image-Pro (R) Plus Program. The results were analyzed using the One way ANOVA and LSD tests. The mean lesion depth in the 2 non-fluoridated control groups (A and E) were significantly deeper than in the fluoridated groups. There were no differences found between the half pea-sized and pea-sized dentifrice. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 300 of 726 Author(s): Saiwichai, T (Saiwichai, Tawee); Sangalangkarn, V (Sangalangkarn, Vanida); Kawahara, K (Kawahara, Ko-ichi); Oyama, Y (Oyama, Yoko); Chaichalotornkul, S (Chaichalotornkul, Sirintip); Narkpinit, S (Narkpinit, Somphong); Harnyuttanakorn, P (Harnyuttanakorn, Pongchai); Singhasivanon, P (Singhasivanon, Pratap); Maruyama, I (Maruyama, Ikuro); Tancharoen, S (Tancharoen, Salunya) Title: GREEN TEA EXTRACT SUPPLEMENT INHIBITION OF HMGB1 RELEASE IN RATS EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (1): 250-258 JAN 2010 Abstract: Tobacco-smoke exposure is linked to carcinogenic, oxidative and inflammatory cellular reactions. Green tea has been reported to have anti-release properties against various pro-inflammatory cytokines. To determine the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on serum high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels in rats exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), we divided rats into 4 treatment groups: (1) CS only, (2) dietary supplement with GTE (3 mg/d) and CS (GCSI.), (3) dietary supplement with GTE (4.5 mg/d) and CS (GCS2) and (4) a control group. HMGB1 and cotinine serum levels were analyzed by ELISA. The average serum HMGB1 level in the CS group was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.01), indicating the release of HMGB1 into the blood was stimulated by CS exposure, while GTE consumption suppressed HMGB1 levels. Rats exposed to CS had an average serum cotinine level of 37 ng/ml, indicating tobacco related compounds were present in the rats' blood. However, treatment with GTE did not reduce cotinine levels in all groups. Cotinine stimulated HMGB1 secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and HMGB1 levels were suppressed by GTE in murine macrophage cell lines. Our results show GTE supplementation may offer beneficial systemic effects and suppress HMGB1 by protecting against cell inflammation. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 301 of 726 Author(s): Price, EP (Price, Erin P.); Hornstra, HM (Hornstra, Heidie M.); Limmathurotsakul, D (Limmathurotsakul, Direk); Max, TL (Max, Tamara L.); Sarovich, DS (Sarovich, Derek S.); Vogler, AJ (Vogler, Amy J.); Dale, JL (Dale, Julia L.); Ginther, JL (Ginther, Jennifer L.); Leadem, B (Leadem, Benjamin); Colman, RE (Colman, Rebecca E.); Foster, JT (Foster, Jeffrey T.); Tuanyok, A (Tuanyok, Apichai); Wagner, DM (Wagner, David M.); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.); Pearson, T (Pearson, Talima); Keim, P (Keim, Paul) Title: Within-Host Evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Four Cases of Acute Melioidosis Source: PLOS PATHOGENS, 6 (1): Art. No. e1000725 JAN 2010 Abstract: Little is currently known about bacterial pathogen evolution and adaptation within the host during acute infection. Previous studies of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, have shown that this opportunistic pathogen mutates rapidly both in vitro and in vivo at tandemly repeated loci, making this organism a relevant model for studying short-term evolution. In the current study, B. pseudomallei isolates cultured from multiple body sites from four Thai patients with disseminated melioidosis were subjected to fine-scale genotyping using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). In order to understand and model the in vivo variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) mutational process, we characterized the patterns and rates of mutations in vitro through parallel serial passage experiments of B. pseudomallei. Despite the short period of infection, substantial divergence from the putative founder genotype was observed in all four melioidosis cases. This study presents a paradigm for examining bacterial evolution over the short timescale of an acute infection. Further studies are required to determine whether the mutational process leads to phenotypic alterations that impact upon bacterial fitness in vivo. Our findings have important implications for future sampling strategies, since colonies in a single clinical sample may be genetically heterogeneous, and organisms in a culture taken late in the infective process may have undergone considerable genetic change compared with the founder inoculum. ISSN: 1553-7366 Article Number: e1000725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000725 Record 302 of 726 Author(s): Antia, BS (Antia, Bassey S.); Pansanit, A (Pansanit, Acharavadee); Ekpa, OD (Ekpa, Okon D.); Ekpe, UJ (Ekpe, Udofot J.); Mahidol, C (Mahidol, Chulabhorn); Kittakoop, P (Kittakoop, Prasat) Title: alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Aromatase Inhibitory, and Antiplasmodial Activities of a Biflavonoid GB1 from Garcinia kola Stem Bark Source: PLANTA MEDICA, 76 (3): 276-277 FEB 2010 Abstract: The biflavonoid, 3 '',4',4''',5,5 '',7,7 ''-heptahydroxy-3,8-biflavanone, known as GB1 (1), was isolated as amajor constituent from Garcinia kola stem bark. GB1 (1) exhibited alpha-glucosidase and aromatase inhibitory activities, as well as antiplasmodial activity, but was not toxic against cell lines tested. GB1 (1) may be a potential dietary supplement or phytomedicine for the prevention of breast cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ISSN: 0032-0943 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1186081 Record 303 of 726 Author(s): Nimitphak, T (Nimitphak, Tongchai); Meemetta, W (Meemetta, Watcharachai); Arunrut, N (Arunrut, Narong); Senapin, S (Senapin, Saengchan); Kiatpathomchai, W (Kiatpathomchai, Wansika) Title: Rapid and sensitive detection of Penaeus monodon nucleopolyhedrovirus (PemoNPV) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral-flow dipstick Source: MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES, 24 (1): 1-5 FEB 2010 Abstract: Several methods such as traditional PCR or nested-PCR, immuno assay and histopathology have been developed for detection of Penaeus monodon nucleopolyhedrovirus (PemoNPV) formerly called monodon baculovirus (MBV). However, these methods have various disadvantages including low sensitivity, long assay time, use of toxic substances or unsuitability for field diagnosis. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of target nucleotide sequences under isothermal conditions, combined with amplicon detection by chromatographic lateral-flow dipsticks allows for more efficient, field friendly detection within 75 min (not including DNA preparation time). In this study, the LAMP amplicon was biotinylated via an inner LAMP primer designed from a BamHI fragment B, a hypothetical protein gene of PemoNPV under isothermal condition at 63 degrees C for 1 h. Next, the LAMP product was hybridized at 63 degrees C for 5 min with an optimal FITC-labeled probe that was designed specifically for the LAMP amplicons. The FITC-labeled biotinylated LAMP product picked up gold-labeled, anti-FITC near the LFD origin and the whole, triple-labeled complex was captured by an immobilized biotin-binding protein to yield a red nano-gold stripe at the LFD test line. With a DNA template extracted from PemoNPV-infected shrimp, the LAMP-LFD detection limit was 0.1 pg, whereas one-step PCR and nested-PCR followed with gel electrophoresis was 1 pg. The LAMP-LFD method gave negative test results with buffer and DNA from shrimp infected with other common shrimp DNA viruses including, Penaeus monodon densovirus (PmDNV) formerly called hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDNV) formerly called infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). The test platform can be adapted easily for rapid detection of other shrimp viruses, since the LAMP-LFD combination system was a highly sensitive, specific, convenient, and does not require sophisticated instruments. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0890-8508 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2009.09.004 Record 304 of 726 Author(s): Lee, YJ (Lee, Yong Jik); Kitani, S (Kitani, Shigeru); Nihira, T (Nihira, Takuya) Title: Null mutation analysis of an afsA-family gene, barX, that is involved in biosynthesis of the gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator in Streptomyces virginiae Source: MICROBIOLOGY-SGM, 156: 206-210 Part 1 JAN 2010 Abstract: Virginiae butanolide (VB) is a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator that triggers production of the streptogramin antibiotic virginiamycin in Streptomyces virginiae. Our previous studies suggested that the barX gene, an afsA-family gene, is likely to participate in the regulatory pathway for the production of VB, rather than in the biosynthetic pathway of VB itself, in contrast to the function of other afsA-family genes. Mutation analysis now shows that BarX at least plays an enzymic role in the VB biosynthetic pathway. Heterologous expression of the afsA gene from Streptomyces griseus into the barX mutant partially restored the deficiency of virginiamycin production, suggesting that afsA-family genes have a common ability to synthesize the gamma-butyrolactone autoregulators. Taken together with previous works relating to the function of an afsA-family gene, these results support the idea that streptomycetes have two biosynthetic pathways for the butyrolactone autoregulators. ISSN: 1350-0872 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.032003-0 Record 305 of 726 Author(s): Suzuki, T (Suzuki, Takuya); Osaka, N (Osaka, Noboru); Endo, H (Endo, Hitoshi); Shibayama, M (Shibayama, Mitsuhiro); Ikeda, Y (Ikeda, Yuko); Asai, H (Asai, Hanako); Higashitani, N (Higashitani, Norihito); Kokubo, Y (Kokubo, Yota); Kohjiya, S (Kohjiya, Shinzo) Title: Nonuniformity in Cross-Linked Natural Rubber as Revealed by Contrast-Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Source: MACROMOLECULES, 43 (3): 1556-1563 FEB 9 2010 Abstract: The microscopic structures of cross-linked natural rubber (NR) were investigated by means of contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS) coupled with "visualization-by-swelling method" as a function of dicumyl peroxide (DCP; cross-linker) content. where the various types of inhomogeneities in the rubber were visualized by swelling with deuterated solvent. Detailed analyses of the partial scattering functions of each component confirm the existence of network inhomogeneities due to cluster-like structures of polyisoprene chains as well as larger inhomogeneities of protein aggregates. The observed partial scattering functions of polyisoprene with different DCP contents clearly exhibited that (1) the network inhomogeneities were strongly suppressed by DCP addition and (2) the structure of protein aggregates was not significantly influenced by the introduction of the peroxide cross-linking. These nanoscopic structural aspects with respect to the content of cross-linker provide better understanding of the elastic properties of NR. ISSN: 0024-9297 DOI: 10.1021/ma9019416 Record 306 of 726 Author(s): Amornsakchai, T (Amornsakchai, Taweechai); Pattarachindanuwong, S (Pattarachindanuwong, Sutawadee) Title: Surface Grafting of Polyethylene Fiber for Improved Adhesion to Acrylic Resin Source: JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES, 29 (1): 149-158 JAN 2010 Abstract: Surface grafting of polyethylene (PE) fiber with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AAc) were prepared with two-stage method. Functionalization was first carried out in aqueous solution of potassium peroxydisulfate at 80 degrees C. The fiber was then surface grafted with MMA and AAc. Single fiber composite of grafted fibers/Orthocryl (R) acrylic resin were prepared and adhesion evaluated with pull-out test. Acrylic matrix was prepared in two methods. In the first method, acrylic powder was bonded together with acetone. In the second, the powder was mixed with liquid monomer to form self-cure material. It was found that in the former case, in which only interdiffusion of polymer chains can occur, MMA-modified polyethylene fiber had slightly higher pull-out strength than AAc-modified fiber. In the latter case, in which chemical reaction occurred, AAc-modified fiber provided much higher pull-out strength than MMA-modified fiber. The difference in adhesion level is discussed. ISSN: 0731-6844 DOI: 10.1177/0731684408097780 Record 307 of 726 Author(s): Kongkathip, N (Kongkathip, Ngampong); Pradidphol, N (Pradidphol, Narathip); Hasitapan, K (Hasitapan, Komkrit); Grigg, R (Grigg, Ronald); Kao, WC (Kao, Wei-Chun); Hunte, C (Hunte, Carola); Fisher, N (Fisher, Nicholas); Warman, AJ (Warman, Ashley J.); Biagini, GA (Biagini, Giancarlo A.); Kongsaeree, P (Kongsaeree, Palangpon); Chuawong, P (Chuawong, Pitak); Kongkathip, B (Kongkathip, Boonsong) Title: Transforming Rhinacanthin Analogues from Potent Anticancer Agents into Potent Antimalarial Agents Source: JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, 53 (3): 1211-1221 FEB 11 2010 Abstract: Twenty-six novel naphthoquinone aliphatic esters were synthesized by esterification of 1,4-naphthoquinone alcohols with various aliphatic acids. The 1,4-naphthoquinone alcohols were prepared from 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid in nine steps with excellent yields. Twenty-four of the novel synthetic naphthoquinone esters showed significant antimalarial activity with IC50 values in the range of 0.03-16.63 mu M. The length of the aliphatic chain and the presence of C-2' substituents on the propyl chain affected the activity. Interestingly, compounds 31 and 37 showed very good antimalarial activity and were not toxic to normal Vero cells, and the PTI values of 31 (> 1990.38) and 37 (1825.94) are excellent. Both 31 and 37 showed potent inhibition against P.falciparum 3D7 cyt be, and no inhibition on rat cyt be,. They showed IC50 values in the nanomolar range, providing full inhibition of cyt bc(1) with one molecule inhibitor bound per cyt be, monomer at the Q(o) site. ISSN: 0022-2623 DOI: 10.1021/jm901545z Record 308 of 726 Author(s): Treeprasertsuk, S (Treeprasertsuk, Sombat); Silachamroon, U (Silachamroon, Udomsak); Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha); Huntrup, A (Huntrup, Arun); Suwannakudt, P (Suwannakudt, Plengsakoon); Vannaphan, S (Vannaphan, Suparp); Wilairatana, P (Wilairatana, Polrat) Title: Ursodeoxycholic acid and artesunate in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria patients with jaundice Source: JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, 25 (2): 362-368 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background and Aims: Plasmodium falciparum (PF) infection can lead to severe complications. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is increasingly used for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. The present study aims to determine the effects of combined UDCA and artesunate compared to placebo and artesunate on the improvement of liver tests in severe PF jaundiced patients. Methods: All severe PF jaundiced patients, aged >= 15 years and diagnosed as having severe malaria according to WHO 2000 criteria, were enrolled. Patients with evidence of biliary obstruction, other cholestatic liver diseases and those who were pregnant were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive either oral UDCA or placebo for 2 weeks in additional to artesunate. All patients were admitted for at least 14 days to monitor the result of the treatment. Results: Seventy-four severe PF malaria patients with jaundice were enrolled. Both groups had similar demographic and laboratory tests, with the exception being more males in the UDCA group than in the placebo group (P = 0.04). The median of percentage change of total bilirubin and aminotransferase levels at the end of weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed no difference between the two groups. Only the median of percentage change of alkaline phosphatase at the end of week one compared with the baseline values showed less increment in the UDCA group than in the placebo group (P = 0.04). No serious adverse events were seen during the 4 weeks of follow up. Conclusions: In severe PF malaria patients with jaundice, combined therapy with UDCA and artesunate is safe, but does not significantly improve liver tests compared to placebo and artesunate. ISSN: 0815-9319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06007.x Record 309 of 726 Author(s): Thawornwisit, S (Thawornwisit, S.); Charmondusit, K (Charmondusit, K.); Rempel, GL (Rempel, G. L.); Hinchiranan, N (Hinchiranan, N.); Prasassarakich, P (Prasassarakich, P.) Title: Poly(Methyl Methacrylate-co-Styrene) Modified with Hydrogenated Natural Rubber Source: JOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS, 42 (1): 35-47 JAN 2010 Abstract: The mechanical properties of brittle polymers are improved by blending with rubbers. Due to C C in the rubber structure, polymer/rubber blends have poor thermal and oxidative resistance. In this research, the mechanical and physical properties including the morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) sheet modified by blending with hydrogenated natural rubber were investigated. The optimum styrene content in copolymer sheets for improving the mechanical properties was 20% (w/w) and inclusion of hydrogenated natural rubber at 1% (w/w) exhibited a higher thermal resistance. This implies that hydrogenated natural rubber can be used as an impact modifier and thermal resistance improver for acrylic plastics. ISSN: 0095-2443 DOI: 10.1177/0095244309345407 Record 310 of 726 Author(s): Amnuaypornsri, S (Amnuaypornsri, Sureerut); Tarachiwin, L (Tarachiwin, Lucksanaporn); Sakdapipanich, JT (Sakdapipanich, Jitladda T.) Title: Character of Long-Chain Branching in Highly Purified Natural Rubber Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 115 (6): 3645-3650 MAR 15 2010 Abstract: The nature of long-chain branching in natural rubber (NR) from Hevea brasiliensis was analyzed for NR purified by enzymatic deproteinization in the latex state followed by acetone extraction in the solid state to remove the proteins and neutral lipids, respectively. The treatment of purified NR in a toluene solution with a polar solvent, such as methanol or acetic acid, resulted in a clear decrease in the molecular weight, gel content, and Huggins' constant; this was caused by the decomposition of branch points in the purified rubber. This finding clearly showed that long-chain branching in the purified NR was mainly derived from the association of phospholipids linked with both terminal groups in the rubber chain via hydrogen bonds. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 3645-3650, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31419 Record 311 of 726 Author(s): Anancharungsuk, W (Anancharungsuk, Waranya); Taweepreda, W (Taweepreda, Wirach); Wirasate, S (Wirasate, Supa); Thonggoom, R (Thonggoom, Rattaporn); Tangboriboonrat, P (Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan) Title: Reduction of Surface Friction of Natural Rubber Film Coated with PMMA Particle: Effect of Particle Size Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 115 (6): 3680-3686 MAR 15 2010 Abstract: The friction coefficient of the sulphur-prevulcanized natural rubber (SPNR) film could be effectively reduced by deposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. The nanoscale surface roughness of rubber, determined by atomic force microscope, was directly proportional to the particle size of PMMA particle at 12% surface coverage (Cs). The %Cs and surface roughness of the modified SPNR increased, while the friction coefficient decreased, with increasing PMMA latex concentration and immersion time. By using a mixture of latexes having both large and small sizes, the increase in the amount of small particles resulted in the better distribution of large particles deposited on the rubber surface. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115:3680-3686, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31459 Record 312 of 726 Author(s): Kaewboonchoo, O (Kaewboonchoo, Orawan); Morioka, I (Morioka, Ikuharu); Saleekul, S (Saleekul, Sumlee); Miyai, N (Miyai, Nobuyuki); Chaikittiporn, C (Chaikittiporn, Chalermchai); Kawai, T (Kawai, Toshio) Title: Blood Lead Level and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Bus Drivers in Bangkok, Thailand Source: INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, 48 (1): 61-65 JAN 2010 Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the role of blood lead level (Pb-B) as one of the cardiovascular risk factors. To evaluate the cardiovascular risk the second derivative finger photo-plethysmogram (SDPTG) was used. The subjects comprised of 420 male bus drivers in Thailand. The subjects' age ranged from 20 to 60 yr. Mean age (+/- standard deviation) were 41.6 (+/- 7.7) yr. Mean working years was 8.8 (+/- 6.8) yr. Pb-B ranged from 2.5 to 16.2 mu g/dl with the mean Pb-B of 6.3 (+/- 2.2) mu g/dl. The mean of aging index of SDPTG (SDPTG-AI) were -0.50 (+/- 0.30). The SDPTG-AI increases with age, Pb-B, smoking and alcohol consumption. There was significant correlation between Pb-B and SDPTG-AI after controlling for age, body mass index and lifestyle factors. These results suggest that Pb-B is possibly an independent cardiovascular risk factor for bus drivers exposed to lower level of lead. ISSN: 0019-8366 Record 313 of 726 Author(s): Anunmana, C (Anunmana, Chuchai); Anusavice, KJ (Anusavice, Kenneth J.); Mecholsky, JJ (Mecholsky, John J., Jr.) Title: Interfacial toughness of bilayer dental ceramics based on a short-bar, chevron-notch test Source: DENTAL MATERIALS, 26 (2): 111-117 FEB 2010 Abstract: Objective. The objective of this study was to test the null hypothesis that the interfacial toughness of each of two types of bonded core-veneer bilayer ceramics is not significantly different from the apparent fracture toughness of the control monolithic glass veneer. Methods. T-shaped short-bars of a lithia-disilicate glass-ceramic core (LC) and yttria-stabilized polycrystalline zirconia core ceramic (ZC) were prepared according to the manufacturer's recommendations. V-shaped notches were prepared by using 25-mu m-thick palladium foil, leaving the chevron-notch area exposed, and the bars were veneered with a thermally compatible glass veneer (LC/GV and ZC/GV). Additionally, we also bonded the glass veneer to itself as a control group (GV/GV). Specimens were kept in distilled water for 30 days before testing in tension. Eight glass veneer bars were prepared for the analysis of fracture toughness test using the indentation-strength technique. Results. The mean interfacial toughness of the LC/GV group was 0.69 MPa m(1/2) (0.11), and did not significantly differ from that of the GV/GV control group, 0.74 MP am(1/2) (0.17) (p > 0.05). However, the difference between the mean interfacial toughness of the ZC/GV group, 0.13 MPa m(1/2) (0.07), and the LC/GV and the GV/GV groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Significance. For bilayer all-ceramic restorations with high-strength core materials, the veneering ceramics are the weakest link in the design of the structure. Since all-ceramic restorations often fail from chipping of veneer layers or crack initiation at the interface, the protective effects of thermal mismatch stresses oral prosthesis design should be investigated. (C) 2009 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0109-5641 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.09.003 Record 314 of 726 Author(s): Phomphrai, K (Phomphrai, Khamphee); Chumsaeng, P (Chumsaeng, Phongnarin); Sangtrirutnugul, P (Sangtrirutnugul, Preeyanuch); Kongsaeree, P (Kongsaeree, Palangpon); Pohmakotr, M (Pohmakotr, Manat) Title: Reverse orders of reactivities in the polymerization of cyclic esters using N2O2 aluminium alkoxide complexes Source: DALTON TRANSACTIONS, 39 (7): 1865-1871 2010 Abstract: Three aluminium alkoxide complexes containing N2O2 bis(phenoxy)-amine ligands were synthesized from reactions of the corresponding N2O2 ligands with Al((OPr)-Pr-i)(3) in toluene. Different amine side chains of the ligands included pyridine (1), CH2NMe2 (2), and CH2NEt2 (3). The related chloro aluminium analog (4) was prepared from a reaction between AlCl3 and the potassium salt of the N2O2 ligand having CH2NMe2 side chain. X-Ray crystallography reveals that complexes 3 and 4 have a monomeric five-coordinate aluminium center. Complexes 1-3 catalyzed the polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) at 70 degrees C in toluene with the relative reactivities of 1 < 2 < 3. In contrary, only complex 1 was active for the polymerization of lactide under the same polymerization conditions. H-1 NMR spectroscopy shows that treatment of 2 with 1 equivalent of lactide afforded the ring-opened product (LAl)-Al-2-OCH(Me)C(O)OCH(Me)C(O)(OPr)-Pr-i. Electronic effects are believed to be responsible for the observed trend in the epsilon-CL polymerization rates. On the other hand, steric hindrance at the amine side chain is the main contributor to the observed rates of lactide polymerization. ISSN: 1477-9226 DOI: 10.1039/b919340e Record 315 of 726 Author(s): Hanson, J (Hanson, Josh); Lee, SJ (Lee, Sue J.); Mohanty, S (Mohanty, Sanjib); Faiz, MA (Faiz, M. A.); Anstey, NM (Anstey, Nicholas M.); Charunwatthana, P (Charunwatthana, Prakaykaew); Yunus, EB (Yunus, Emran Bin); Mishra, SK (Mishra, Saroj K.); Tjitra, E (Tjitra, Emiliana); Price, RN (Price, Ric N.); Rahman, R (Rahman, Ridwanur); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois); Htut, Y (Htut, Ye); Hoque, G (Hoque, Gofranul); Chau, TTH (Chau, Tran Thi Hong); Phu, NH (Phu, Nguyen Hoan); Hien, TT (Hien, Tran Tinh); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.) Title: A Simple Score to Predict the Outcome of Severe Malaria in Adults Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (5): 679-685 MAR 1 2010 Abstract: Background. World Health Organization treatment guidelines recommend that adults with severe malaria be admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). However, ICU facilities are limited in the resource-poor settings where most malaria occurs. Identification of patients at greater risk of complications may facilitate their triage and resource allocation. Methods. With use of data from a trial conducted in Southeast Asia (n = 868), a logistic regression model was built to identify independent predictors of mortality among adults with severe malaria. A scoring system based on this model was tested in the original dataset and then validated in 2 series from Bangladesh (n = 188) and Vietnam (n = 292). Results. Acidosis (base deficit) and cerebral malaria (measured as Glasgow Coma Score) were the main independent predictors of outcome. The 5-point Coma Acidosis Malaria (CAM) score was simply derived from these 2 variables. Mortality increased steadily with increasing score. A CAM score <2 predicted survival with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.8% (95% confidence interval [ CI], 93%-97.7%). Of the 14 of 331 patients who died with a CAM score <2, 11 (79%) had renal failure and death occurred late after hospital admission (median, 108 h; range, 40-360 h). Substitution of plasma bicarbonate as the measure of acidosis only slightly reduced the prognostic value of the model. Use of respiratory rate was inferior, but a score <2 still predicted survival with a PPV of 92.2% (95% CI, 89.1%-94.7%). Conclusions. Patients with a CAM score <2 at hospital admission may be safely treated in a general ward, provided that renal function can be monitored. ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/649928 Record 316 of 726 Author(s): Blacksell, SD (Blacksell, Stuart D.); Jenjaroen, K (Jenjaroen, Kemajittra); Phetsouvanh, R (Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone); Wuthiekanun, V (Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Newton, PN (Newton, Paul N.); Ching, WM (Ching, Wei-Mei) Title: Accuracy of AccessBio Immunoglobulin M and Total Antibody Rapid Immunochromatographic Assays for the Diagnosis of Acute Scrub Typhus Infection Source: CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY, 17 (2): 263-266 FEB 2010 Abstract: Using archived samples, we assessed the diagnostic capacity of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi IgM and total antibodies to aid with the diagnosis of acute scrub typhus infection in febrile patients in Laos. The sensitivity and the specificity of the ICT for the detection of IgM were 96.8% (121/125 samples; 95% confidence interval [CI], 92.1 to 99.1%) and 93.3% (98/105 samples; 95% CI, 86.7 to 97.3%), respectively. For the detection of total antibodies, the sensitivity was 97.6% (122/125 samples; 95% CI, 93.1 to 99.5%), but the specificity was much lower, at 71.4% (75/105 samples; 95% CI, 61.8 to 79.8%). ISSN: 1556-6811 DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00448-08 Record 317 of 726 Author(s): Boonyos, P (Boonyos, Patcharaporn); Soonsanga, S (Soonsanga, Sumarin); Boonserm, P (Boonserm, Panadda); Promdonkoy, B (Promdonkoy, Boonhiang) Title: Role of cysteine at positions 67, 161 and 241 of a Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin BinB Source: BMB REPORTS, 43 (1): 23-28 JAN 31 2010 Abstract: Binary toxin consisting of BinA and BinB from Bacillus sphaericus is toxic to mosquito larvae. BinB is responsible for specific binding to the larval gut cell membrane while BinA is crucial for toxicity. To investigate functional role of cysteine in BinB, three cysteine residues at positions 67, 161, and 241 were replaced by alanine or serine. Mutations at these positions did not affect protein production and overall structure of BinB. These cysteine residues are not involved in disulfide bond formation between BinB molecules. Mosquito-larvicidal assays revealed that C67 and C161 are essential for toxicity, whereas C241 is not Mutations at C67 and C161 resulted in weaker BinA-BinB interaction. The loss of toxicity may be due to the reduction of interactions between BinA and BinB or BinB and its receptor. C67 and C161 could also play a part during conformational changes or internalization of the binary toxin into the target cell. [BMB reports 2010; 43(1): 23-28] ISSN: 1976-6696 Record 318 of 726 Author(s): Limsuwan, A (Limsuwan, A.); Wongwandee, R (Wongwandee, R.); Khowsathit, P (Khowsathit, P.) Title: Correlation between 6-min walk test and exercise stress test in healthy children Source: ACTA PAEDIATRICA, 99 (3): 438-441 MAR 2010 Abstract: Aim: To investigate the correlation between 6-min walk test (SMWT) and incremental treadmill exercise stress test (EST) as indicators for the functional capacity in children. Methods: Healthy children aged 9-12 years were included. The anthropometric data, SMWT and EST were prospectively measured using the standard protocols. Various parameters were analysed to define the correlation between SMWT and EST. Results: A total of 100 subjects (53 boys) aged 10.3 +/- 1.0 years participated in the study. The SMWT distance was 586.1 +/- 44.0 m. Height (r = 0.59, R-2 = 35%), length of the leg (r = 0.64, R-2 = 41%), heart rate at the end of SMWT (r = 0.59, R-2 = 35%) and heart rate difference at the end of SMWT (r = 0.71, R-2 = 50%) were found to have significant correlation with SMWT distance. The estimated maximal oxygen consumption (eVO2) obtained during the EST tended to be greater in boys than in girls. Among the parameters obtained during EST, maximal heart rate (r = 0.33, R-2 = 11%) and the eVO2 (r = 0.54, R-2 = 53%) were found to have significant correlation with SMWT. Conclusions: SMWT distance is significantly correlated with the eVO2 obtained during the EST. This indicates that SMWT is also one of the predictive markers for EST performance. ISSN: 0803-5253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01602.x Record 319 of 726 Author(s): Kunkeaw, S (Kunkeaw, S.); Tangphatsornruang, S (Tangphatsornruang, S.); Smith, DR (Smith, D. R.); Triwitayakorn, K (Triwitayakorn, K.) Title: Genetic linkage map of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) based on AFLP and SSR markers Source: PLANT BREEDING, 129 (1): 112-115 FEB 2010 Abstract: To generate a genetic linkage map of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), 58 F-1 progenies from a cross between Rayong 90 (female) and Rayong 5 (male) were examined in amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses. A total of 469 polymorphic markers consisting of 378 AFLPs generated from 76 primer combinations and 91 SSRs were identified. These markers were analyzed using the joinmap (R) 3.0 package program to construct a genetic linkage map. A total of 33 linkage groups of a common map were constructed from 119 AFLPs and 18 SSRs, spanning 1095 cM with an average of 7.99 cM between markers. The genetic linkage map generated in this study will be useful for genetic studies in cassava particularly for the identification of genetic markers linked to traits of interest, although the complex cassava genome suggests that maybe a long term objective. ISSN: 0179-9541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01623.x Record 320 of 726 Author(s): Manuyakorn, W (Manuyakorn, Wiparat); Direkwattanachai, C (Direkwattanachai, Chalerat); Benjaponpitak, S (Benjaponpitak, Suwat); Kamchaisatian, W (Kamchaisatian, Wasu); Sasisakulporn, C (Sasisakulporn, Cherapat); Teawsomboonkit, W (Teawsomboonkit, Wanlapa) Title: Sensitivity of Turbutester and Accuhaler tester in asthmatic children and adolescents Source: PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, 52 (1): 118-125 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background: Dry powder inhalers (DPI) are alternative devices for delivering medication for treatment of asthma. The amount of drug delivery to the lungs is directly influenced by peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR). A minimum PIFR of -30 L/min is needed for the Turbuhaler and Accuhaler. Methods: In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the Turbutester and Accuhaler tester in detecting the minimum and optimum PIFR for the Turbuhaler and Accuhaler in asthmatic children, PIFR was measured using the In-Check Dial through the internal resistance of the Turbuhaler and Accuhaler and compared according to the child's ability to make a whistle sound via both testers. Results: A total of 259 asthmatic children were studied: 20 pre-school children, aged 5-6 years; 174 school-age children, aged 7-12 years; and 65 adolescents, aged 13-18 years. The sensitivity of the Turbutester and Accuhaler tester to detect optimum PIFR were 98.40% and 97.2%, respectively. In the comparison among age groups, the sensitivity of the Accuhaler tester to detect optimum or minimum PIFR for the Accuhaler was 95%, 97.7% and 95.4%, respectively. The sensitivity of the Turbutester to detect optimum PIFR for the Turbuhaler was 94.4%, 98.8% and 98.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the Turbutester to detect minimum PIFR for the Turbuhaler was 94.7%, 100% and 100%, respectively. There were no significant differences in percentage of having optimum or minimum PIFR among asthma severity and current device usage in all age groups. Conclusions: Most children aged at least 5 years could generate enough PIFR to use dry powder inhaler devices. Both the Turbutester and Accuhaler tester were found to have high sensitivity in detecting optimum and minimum required PIFR. ISSN: 1328-8067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.02904.x Record 321 of 726 Author(s): Buie, T (Buie, Timothy); Campbell, DB (Campbell, Daniel B.); Fuchs, GJ (Fuchs, George J., III); Furuta, GT (Furuta, Glenn T.); Levy, J (Levy, Joseph); Van de Water, J (Van de Water, Judy); Whitaker, AH (Whitaker, Agnes H.); Atkins, D (Atkins, Dan); Bauman, ML (Bauman, Margaret L.); Beaudet, AL (Beaudet, Arthur L.); Carr, EG (Carr, Edward G.); Gershon, MD (Gershon, Michael D.); Hyman, SL (Hyman, Susan L.); Jirapinyo, P (Jirapinyo, Pipop); Jyonouchi, H (Jyonouchi, Harumi); Kooros, K (Kooros, Koorosh); Kushak, R (Kushak, Rafail); Levitt, P (Levitt, Pat); Levy, SE (Levy, Susan E.); Lewis, JD (Lewis, Jeffery D.); Murray, KF (Murray, Katherine F.); Natowicz, MR (Natowicz, Marvin R.); Sabra, A (Sabra, Aderbal); Wershil, BK (Wershil, Barry K.); Weston, SC (Weston, Sharon C.); Zeltzer, L (Zeltzer, Lonnie); Winter, H (Winter, Harland) Title: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Individuals With ASDs: A Consensus Report Source: PEDIATRICS, 125: S1-S18 Suppl. S JAN 2010 Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common and clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Gastrointestinal disorders and associated symptoms are commonly reported in individuals with ASDs, but key issues such as the prevalence and best treatment of these conditions are incompletely understood. A central difficulty in recognizing and characterizing gastrointestinal dysfunction with ASDs is the communication difficulties experienced by many affected individuals. A multidisciplinary panel reviewed the medical literature with the aim of generating evidence-based recommendations for diagnostic evaluation and management of gastrointestinal problems in this patient population. The panel concluded that evidence-based recommendations are not yet available. The consensus expert opinion of the panel was that individuals with ASDs deserve the same thoroughness and standard of care in the diagnostic workup and treatment of gastrointestinal concerns as should occur for patients without ASDs. Care providers should be aware that problem behavior in patients with ASDs may be the primary or sole symptom of the underlying medical condition, including some gastrointestinal disorders. For these patients, integration of behavioral and medical care may be most beneficial. Priorities for future research are identified to advance our understanding and management of gastrointestinal disorders in persons with ASDs. Pediatrics 2010; 125: S1-S18 ISSN: 0031-4005 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-1878C Record 322 of 726 Author(s): Nakwan, N (Nakwan, Narongsak); Nakwan, N (Nakwan, Narongwit); Chokephaibulkit, K (Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya) Title: Pasteurella Multocida Infection in the Neonates Source: PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL, 29 (2): 192-192 FEB 2010 ISSN: 0891-3668 Record 323 of 726 Author(s): Prachayasittikul, S (Prachayasittikul, Supaluk); Wongsawatkul, O (Wongsawatkul, Orapin); Worachartcheewan, A (Worachartcheewan, Apilak); Nantasenamat, C (Nantasenamat, Chanin); Ruchirawat, S (Ruchirawat, Somsak); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong) Title: Elucidating the Structure-Activity Relationships of the Vasorelaxation and Antioxidation Properties of Thionicotinic Acid Derivatives Source: MOLECULES, 15 (1): 198-214 JAN 2010 Abstract: Nicotinic acid, known as vitamin B-3, is an effective lipid lowering drug and intense cutaneous vasodilator. This study reports the effect of 2-(1-adamantylthio) nicotinic acid (6) and its amide 7 and nitrile analog 8 on phenylephrine-induced contraction of rat thoracic aorta as well as antioxidative activity. It was found that the tested thionicotinic acid analogs 6-8 exerted maximal vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner, but their effects were less than acetylcholine (ACh)-induced nitric oxide (NO) vasorelaxation. The vasorelaxations were reduced, apparently, in both N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin (INDO). Synergistic effects were observed in the presence of L-NAME plus INDO, leading to loss of vasorelaxation of both the ACh and the tested nicotinic acids. Complete loss of the vasorelaxation was noted under removal of endothelial cells. This infers that the vasorelaxations are mediated partially by endothelium-induced NO and prostacyclin. The thionicotinic acid analogs all exhibited antioxidant properties in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays. Significantly, the thionicotinic acid 6 is the most potent vasorelaxant with ED50 of 21.3 nM and is the most potent antioxidant (as discerned from DPPH assay). Molecular modeling was also used to provide mechanistic insights into the vasorelaxant and antioxidative activities. The findings reveal that the thionicotinic acid analogs are a novel class of vasorelaxant and antioxidant compounds which have potential to be further developed as promising therapeutics. ISSN: 1420-3049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15010198 Record 324 of 726 Author(s): Maingat, F (Maingat, Ferdinand); Viappiani, S (Viappiani, Serena); Zhu, Y (Zhu, Yu); Vivithanaporn, P (Vivithanaporn, Pornpun); Ellestad, KK (Ellestad, Kristofor K.); Holden, J (Holden, Janet); Silva, C (Silva, Claudia); Power, C (Power, Christopher) Title: Regulation of Lentivirus Neurovirulence by Lipopolysaccharide Conditioning: Suppression of CXCL10 in the Brain by IL-10 Source: JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 184 (3): 1566-1574 FEB 1 2010 Abstract: Lentivirus infections including HIV and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) cause neurovirulence, which is largely mediated by innate immunity. To investigate the interactions between neurovirulence and repeated conditioning by innate immune activation, models of lentivirus infection were exposed to LPS. Gene expression in HIV-infected (HIV+) and control (HIV-) patient brains was compared by real time RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Supernatants from mock and HIV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to LPS were applied to human neurons. FIV-infected (FIV+) and control (FIV-) animals were exposed repeatedly to LPS postinfection together with concurrent neurobehavioral testing, viral load, and host gene analyses. Brains from HIV+ individuals exhibited induction of CD3 epsilon, CXCL10, and granzyme A expression (p < 0.05). Supernatants from HIV+ monocyte-derived macrophages induced CXCL10 expression in neurons, which was diminished by IL-10 treatment (p < 0.05). LPS-exposed FIV+ animals demonstrated lower plasma and brain viral loads (p < 0.05). Neuronal CXCL10 expression was increased in FIV+ animals but was suppressed by LPS exposure, together with reduced brain CD3E and granzyme A expression (p < 0.05). In conjunction with preserved NeuN-positive neuronal counts in parietal cortex (p < 0.05), FIV+ animals exposed to LPS also showed less severe neurobehavioral deficits (p < 0.05). Repeated LPS exposures suppressed CXCL10 in the brain and ensuing T cell infiltration with a concomitant reduction in neurovirulence. Thus, innate immune chronic conditioning exerted beneficial effects on neurovirulence through suppression of a specific chemotactic factor, CXCL10, mediated by IL-10, leading to reduced leukocyte infiltration and release of neurotoxic factors. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 1566-1574. ISSN: 0022-1767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902575 Record 325 of 726 Author(s): Pimpha, N (Pimpha, Nuttaporn); Sunintaboon, P (Sunintaboon, Panya); Inphonlek, S (Inphonlek, Supharat); Tabata, Y (Tabata, Yasuhiko) Title: Gene Delivery Efficacy of Polyethyleneimine-Introduced Chitosan Shell/Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Core Nanoparticles for Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source: JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION, 21 (2): 205-223 2010 Abstract: This work investigated polyethyleneimine (PEI)-introduced chitosan (CS) (CS/PEI) nanoparticles as non-viral carrier of plasmid DNA for rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The CS/PEI nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer induced by a small amount of t-butyl hydroperxide in the presence of different concentrations of PEI mixed with CS. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by their surface properties and buffering capacity. In vitro gene transfection was also evaluated. The introduction of PEI affected the surface charge, dispersing stability and buffering capacity of the nanoparticles. The CS/PEI nanoparticles formed a complex upon mixing with a plasmid DNA of luciferase. The complex enhanced the level of gene transfection and prolonged the time period of expression for MSCs, compared with those of plasmid DNA-original CS and PEI nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity of CS/PEI complexes with plasmid DNA was significantly low, depending on the amount of PEI introduced. It is concluded that the CS/PEI nanoparticle was a promising carrier for gene delivery of MSCs. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 ISSN: 0920-5063 DOI: 10.1163/156856209X415503 Record 326 of 726 Author(s): Prachayasittikul, S (Prachayasittikul, Supaluk); Saraban, P (Saraban, Puttirat); Cherdtrakulkiat, R (Cherdtrakulkiat, Rungrot); Ruchirawat, S (Ruchirawat, Somsak); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong) Title: NEW BIOACTIVE TRITERPENOIDS AND ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF DIOSPYROS RUBRA LEC. Source: EXCLI JOURNAL, 9: 1-10 2010 Abstract: The first investigation of the chemical constituents and bioactivities of Diospyros rubra Lec. is reported. D. rubra extracts were screened for antimicrobial, antimalarial and cytotoxic activities. They were only shown to be active antimalarials. The extracts with good antimalarial activity were isolated and extensively purified to give lupeol (1), lupenone (2), betulin (3), lupeol acetate (4), 28-O-acetylbetulin (5), beta-sitosteryl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) and a mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Some of the isolates were tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic actions. Betulin (3) displayed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 85 mu g/mL. Interestingly, bioactive fractions all selectively exerted some antimicrobial activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 10356 with the MIC range of 64-256 mu g/mL. The study provides data to support the medicinal importance of the D. rubra. ISSN: 1611-2156 Record 327 of 726 Author(s): White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Turner, GDH (Turner, Gareth D. H.); Medana, IM (Medana, Isabelle M.); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.) Title: The murine cerebral malaria phenomenon Source: TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY, 26 (1): 11-15 JAN 2010 Abstract: P.berghei ANKA infection in CBA or CB57BL/6 mice is used widely as a murine 'model' of human cerebral malaria (HCM), despite markedly different histopathological features. The pathology of the murine model is characterised by marked inflammation with little or no intracerebral sequestration of parasitised erythrocytes, whereas HCM is associated with intense intracerebral sequestration, often with little inflammatory response. There are now more than ten times as many studies each year of the murine model than on HCM. Of 48 adjunctive interventions evaluated in the murine model, 44 (92%) were successful, compared with only 1 (6%) of 17 evaluated in HCM during the same period. The value of the mouse model in identifying pathological processes or therapeutic interventions in human cerebral malaria is questionable. ISSN: 1471-4922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2009.10.007 Record 328 of 726 Author(s): Tan, PT (Tan, Paul ThiamJoo); Heiny, AT (Heiny, A. T.); Miotto, O (Miotto, Olivo); Salmon, J (Salmon, Jerome); Marques, ETA (Marques, Ernesto T. A., Jr.); Lemonnier, F (Lemonnier, Francois); August, JT (August, J. Thomas) Title: Conservation and Diversity of Influenza A H1N1 HLA-Restricted T Cell Epitope Candidates for Epitope-Based Vaccines Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (1): Art. No. e8754 JAN 18 2010 Abstract: Background: The immune-related evolution of influenza viruses is exceedingly complex and current vaccines against influenza must be reformulated for each influenza season because of the high degree of antigenic drift among circulating influenza strains. Delay in vaccine production is a serious problem in responding to a pandemic situation, such as that of the current H1N1 strain. Immune escape is generally attributed to reduced antibody recognition of the viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins whose rate of mutation is much greater than that of the internal non-structural proteins. As a possible alternative, vaccines directed at T cell epitope domains of internal influenza proteins, that are less susceptible to antigenic variation, have been investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings: HLA transgenic mouse strains expressing HLA class I A*0201, A*2402, and B*0702, and class II DRB1*1501, DRB1*0301 and DRB1*0401 were immunized with 196 influenza H1N1 peptides that contained residues of highly conserved proteome sequences of the human H1N1, H3N2, H1N2, H5N1, and avian influenza A strains. Fifty-four (54) peptides that elicited 63 HLA-restricted peptide-specific T cell epitope responses were identified by IFN-gamma ELISpot assay. The 54 peptides were compared to the 2007-2009 human H1N1 sequences for selection of sequences in the design of a new candidate H1N1 vaccine, specifically targeted to highly-conserved HLA-restricted T cell epitopes. Conclusions/Significance: Seventeen (17) T cell epitopes in PB1, PB2, and M1 were selected as vaccine targets based on sequence conservation over the past 30 years, high functional avidity, non-identity to human peptides, clustered localization, and promiscuity to multiple HLA alleles. These candidate vaccine antigen sequences may be applicable to any avian or human influenza A virus. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e8754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008754 Record 329 of 726 Author(s): Hasthanasombut, S (Hasthanasombut, Supaporn); Ntui, V (Ntui, Valentine); Supaibulwatana, K (Supaibulwatana, Kanyaratt); Mii, M (Mii, Masahiro); Nakamura, I (Nakamura, Ikuo) Title: Expression of Indica rice OsBADH1 gene under salinity stress in transgenic tobacco Source: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS, 4 (1): 75-83 JAN 2010 Abstract: Glycine betaine has been reported as an osmoprotectant compound conferring tolerance to salinity and osmotic stresses in plants. We previously found that the expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene (OsBADH1), encoding a key enzyme for glycine betaine biosynthesis pathway, showed close correlation with salt tolerance of rice. In this study, the expression of the OsBADH1 gene in transgenic tobacco was investigated in response to salt stress using a transgenic approach. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the OsBADH1 gene were generated under the control of a promoter from the maize ubiquitin gene. Three homozygous lines of T-2 progenies with single transgene insert were chosen for gene expression analysis. RT-PCR and western blot analysis results indicated that the OsBADH1 gene was effectively expressed in transgenic tobacco leading to the accumulation of glycine betaine. Transgenic lines demonstrated normal seed germination and morphology, and normal growth rates of seedlings under salt stress conditions. These results suggest that the OsBADH1 gene could be an excellent candidate for producing plants with osmotic stress tolerance. ISSN: 1863-5466 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-009-0123-6 Record 330 of 726 Author(s): Pothitirat, W (Pothitirat, Werayut); Chomnawang, MT (Chomnawang, Mullika Traidej); Supabphol, R (Supabphol, Roongtawan); Gritsanapan, W (Gritsanapan, Wandee) Title: Free radical scavenging and anti-acne activities of mangosteen fruit rind extracts prepared by different extraction methods Source: PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY, 48 (2): 182-186 FEB 2010 Abstract: The ethanol extracts of mangosteen fruit rinds prepared by several extraction methods were examined for their contents of bioactive compounds, DPPH-scavenging activity, and anti-acne producing bacteria against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The dried powder of the fruit rind was extracted with 95% ethanol by maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and extraction using a magnetic stirrer. Soxhlet extraction promoted the maximum contents of crude extract (26.60% dry weight) and alpha-mangostin (13.51%, w/w of crude extract), and also gave the highest anti-acne activity with MIC 7.81 and 15.63 mu g/mL and MBC 15.53 and 31.25 mu g/mL against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, respectively. Ethanol 70% and 50% (v/v) were also compared in Soxhlet extraction. Ethanol 50% promoted the extract with maximum amounts of total phenolic compounds (26.96 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g extract) and total tannins (46.83 g tannic acid equivalents/100 g extract), and also exhibited the most effective DPPH-scavenging activity (EC50 12.84 mu g/mL). Considering various factors involved in the process, Soxhlet extraction carried a low cost in terms of reagents and extraction time. It appears to be the recommended extraction method for mangosteen fruit rind. Ethanol 50% should be the appropriate solvent for extracting free radical-scavenging components, phenolic compounds, and tannins, while 95% ethanol is recommended for extraction of alpha-mangostin, a major anti-acne component from this plant. ISSN: 1388-0209 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903062671 Record 331 of 726 Author(s): Barzi, F (Barzi, F.); Woodward, M (Woodward, M.); Czernichow, S (Czernichow, S.); Lee, CMY (Lee, C. M. Y.); Kang, JH (Kang, J. H.); Janus, E (Janus, E.); Lear, S (Lear, S.); Patel, A (Patel, A.); Caterson, I (Caterson, I.); Patel, J (Patel, J.); Lam, TH (Lam, T. H.); Suriyawongpaisal, P (Suriyawongpaisal, P.); Huxley, R (Huxley, R.) Title: The discrimination of dyslipidaemia using anthropometric measures in ethnically diverse populations of the Asia-Pacific Region: The Obesity in Asia Collaboration Source: OBESITY REVIEWS, 11 (2): 127-136 FEB 2010 Abstract: Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is only detectable through blood testing, which may not be feasible in resource-poor settings. As dyslipidaemia is commonly associated with excess weight, it may be possible to identify individuals with adverse lipid profiles using simple anthropometric measures. A total of 222 975 individuals from 18 studies were included as part of the Obesity in Asia Collaboration. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between measures of body size and dyslipidaemia. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist : hip ratio (WHR) and waist : height ratio were continuously associated with the lipid variables studied, but the relationships were consistently stronger for triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The associations were similar between Asians and non-Asians, and no single anthropometric measure was superior at discriminating those individuals at increased risk of dyslipidaemia. WHR cut-points of 0.8 in women and 0.9 in men were applicable across both Asians and non-Asians for the discrimination of individuals with any form of dyslipidaemia. Measurement of central obesity may help to identify those individuals at increased risk of dyslipidaemia. WHR cut-points of 0.8 for women and 0.9 for men are optimal for discriminating those individuals likely to have adverse lipid profiles and in need of further clinical assessment. ISSN: 1467-7881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00605.x Record 332 of 726 Author(s): Thongtan, T (Thongtan, Thananya); Cheepsunthorn, P (Cheepsunthorn, Poonlarp); Chaiworakul, V (Chaiworakul, Voravasa); Rattanarungsan, C (Rattanarungsan, Chutima); Wikan, N (Wikan, Nitwara); Smith, DR (Smith, Duncan R.) Title: Highly permissive infection of microglial cells by Japanese encephalitis virus: a possible role as a viral reservoir Source: MICROBES AND INFECTION, 12 (1): 37-45 JAN 2010 Abstract: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus, is a major cause of acute encephalitis, and neurons have been proposed to be the principle JEV target cells in the central nervous system. However, clinically, infection with JEV leads to increased levels of cytokines and chemokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the levels of which correlate with the mortality rate of patients. This research aimed to study the role of microglial cells in JEV infection. Mouse microglial cells (BV-2) supported the replication of JEV with extracellular production of virus by 10 h post-infection, and virus titer reached a maximum (2.55 x 10(10) pfu/ml) by day 3 post-infection. While apoptosis was induced in response to virus infection, no alteration in nitric oxide production was observed. Microglial cells remained productively infected with JEV for up to 16 weeks without significant morphological alterations, and the released virions were infectious to mouse neuroblastoma (NA) cells. The high virus production and long persistence of JEV in microglial cells suggests that these cells may serve as viral reservoirs for the infection of neurons in the CNS. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1286-4579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.013 Record 333 of 726 Author(s): Cordell, HJ (Cordell, Heather J.); Darlay, R (Darlay, Rebecca); Charoen, P (Charoen, Pimphen); Stewart, A (Stewart, Aisling); Gullett, AM (Gullett, Ambrose M.); Lambert, HJ (Lambert, Heather J.); Malcolm, S (Malcolm, Sue); Feather, SA (Feather, Sally A.); Goodship, THJ (Goodship, Timothy H. J.); Woolf, AS (Woolf, Adrian S.); Kenda, RB (Kenda, Rajko B.); Goodship, JA (Goodship, Judith A.) Group Author(s): UK VUR Study Grp Title: Whole-Genome Linkage and Association Scan in Primary, Nonsyndromic Vesicoureteric Reflux Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY, 21 (1): 113-123 JAN 2010 Abstract: Primary vesicoureteric reflux accounts for approximately 10% of kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplantation, and sibling studies suggest a large genetic component. Here, we report a whole-genome linkage and association scan in primary, nonsyndromic vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy. We used linkage and family-based association approaches to analyze 320 white families (661 affected individuals, generally from families with two affected siblings) from two populations (United Kingdom and Slovenian). We found modest evidence of linkage but no clear overlap with previous studies. We tested for but did not detect association with six candidate genes (AGTR2, HNF1B, PAX2, RET, ROBO2, and UPK3A). Family-based analysis detected associations with one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the UK families, with three SNPs in the Slovenian families, and with three SNPs in the combined families. A case-control analysis detected associations with three additional SNPs. The results of this study, which is the largest to date investigating the genetics of reflux, suggest that major loci may not exist for this common renal tract malformation within European populations. ISSN: 1046-6673 DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2009060624 Record 334 of 726 Author(s): Suwanjang, W (Suwanjang, Wilasinee); Phansuwan-Pujito, P (Phansuwan-Pujito, Pansiri); Govitrapong, P (Govitrapong, Piyarat); Chetsawang, B (Chetsawang, Banthit) Title: The protective effect of melatonin on methamphetamine-induced calpain-dependent death pathway in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cultured cells Source: JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, 48 (2): 94-101 MAR 2010 Abstract: Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant drug that may cause neuronal cell degeneration. The underlying mechanisms of METH-induced neuronal toxicity remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated an important role of calpain-dependent cascades in methamphetamine-induced toxicity in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cultured cell lines. In addition, the protective effect of melatonin against METH-induced calpain-dependent death pathway was also investigated. The results of this study show that METH significantly decreased cell viability and tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cultured cells. Melatonin reversed the toxic effect of METH by inducing cell viability. In addition, melatonin was able to restore the reduction in mitochondrial function and phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in SH-SY5Y treated cells. An induction of calpain expression and activity but a reduction of calpain inhibitor (calpastatin) protein levels were observed in SH-SY5Y cells treated with METH but these effects were diminished by melatonin. These results implicated calpain-dependent death pathways in the processes of METH-induced toxicity and also indicated that melatonin has the capacity to reverse this toxic effect in SH-SY5Y cultured cells. ISSN: 0742-3098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2009.00731.x Record 335 of 726 Author(s): Stepniewska, K (Stepniewska, Kasia); Ashley, E (Ashley, Elizabeth); Lee, SJ (Lee, Sue J.); Anstey, N (Anstey, Nicholas); Barnes, KI (Barnes, Karen I.); Tran, QB (Tran Quang Binh); D'Alessandro, U (D'Alessandro, Umberto); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); de Vries, PJ (de Vries, Peter J.); Dorsey, G (Dorsey, Grant); Guthmann, JP (Guthmann, Jean-Paul); Mayxay, M (Mayxay, Mayfong); Newton, PN (Newton, Paul N.); Olliaro, P (Olliaro, Piero); Osorio, L (Osorio, Lyda); Price, RN (Price, Ric N.); Rowland, M (Rowland, Mark); Smithuis, F (Smithuis, Frank); Taylor, WRJ (Taylor, Walter R. J.); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.) Title: In Vivo Parasitological Measures of Artemisinin Susceptibility Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 201 (4): 570-579 FEB 15 2010 Abstract: Parasite clearance data from 18,699 patients with falciparum malaria treated with an artemisinin derivative in areas of low (n = 14,539), moderate (n = 2077), and high (n = 2083) levels of malaria transmission across the world were analyzed to determine the factors that affect clearance rates and identify a simple in vivo screening measure for artemisinin resistance. The main factor affecting parasite clearance time was parasite density on admission. Clearance rates were faster in high-transmission settings and with more effective partner drugs in artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs). The result of the malaria blood smear on day 3 (72 h) was a good predictor of subsequent treatment failure and provides a simple screening measure for artemisinin resistance. Artemisinin resistance is highly unlikely if the proportion of patients with parasite densities of <100,000 parasites/mu L given the currently recommended 3-day ACT who have a positive smear result on day 3 is <3%; that is, for n patients the observed number with a positive smear result on day 3 does not exceed. (n + 60)/24. ISSN: 0022-1899 DOI: 10.1086/650301 Record 336 of 726 Author(s): Watcharananan, S (Watcharananan, Siriorn); Kiertiburanakul, S (Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin); Chantratita, W (Chantratita, Wasun) Title: Rapid influenza diagnostic test during the outbreak of the novel influenza A/H1N1 2009 in Thailand: An Experience with Better Test Performance in Resource Limited Setting Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTION, 60 (1): 86-87 JAN 2010 ISSN: 0163-4453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.10.049 Record 337 of 726 Author(s): Suanarunsawat, T (Suanarunsawat, Thamolwan); Ayutthaya, WDN (Ayutthaya, Watcharaporn Devakul Na); Songsak, T (Songsak, Thanapat); Thirawarapan, S (Thirawarapan, Suwan); Poungshompoo, S (Poungshompoo, Somlak) Title: Antioxidant Activity and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Essential Oils Extracted from Ocimum sanctum L. Leaves in Rats Fed with a High Cholesterol Diet Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION, 46 (1): 52-59 JAN 2010 Abstract: It has been reported that Ocimum sanctum L. (OS) leaves decrease serum lipid profile in normal and diabetic animals. No experimental evidences support the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative actions against hypercholesterolemia. Moreover the identity of the specific chemical ingredients in OS leaves responsible for these pharmacological effects are unknown. Since OS leaves are rich in essential oil (EO). Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative activities of EO extracted from OS leaves in rats fed with high cholesterol (HC) diet. EO was extracted by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical constituents were then identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The experiment was performed in Male Wistar rats fed with 2.5 g%(w/w) of cholesterol diet for seven weeks. During the last 3 weeks, rats were daily fed with EO. The results showed that phenyl propanoid compounds including eugenol and methyl eugenol were the major constituents of EO. EO suppressed the high serum lipid profile and atherogenic index as well as serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB subunit without significant effect on high serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in rats fed with HC diet. In addition, EO was found to decrease the high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) without impacting catalase (CAT) in the cardiac tissue while in the liver, it decreased high level of TBARS without significantly effecting GPx, SOD and CAT. Histopathological results confirmed that EO preserved the myocardial tissue. It can be concluded that EO extracted from OS leaves has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the heart against hypercholesterolemia. Eugenol that is contained in EO likely contribute to these pharmacological effects. ISSN: 0912-0009 Record 338 of 726 Author(s): Manuskiatti, W (Manuskiatti, Woraphong); Siriphukpong, S (Siriphukpong, Sujittra); Varothai, S (Varothai, Supenya); Wanitphakdeedecha, R (Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima); Fitzpatrick, RE (Fitzpatrick, Richard E.) Title: Effect of pulse width of a variable square pulse (VSP) erbium: YAG laser on the treatment outcome of periorbital wrinkles in Asians Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, 49 (2): 200-206 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background Uses of appropriate laser parameters are essential for an optimum outcome with minimal risks of complications. Objective To evaluate the effect of pulse width of a variable square pulse (VSP) Er:YAG laser on the treatment outcome. Methods Twenty-four Thais with periorbital wrinkles received two treatments with a low-fluence, VSP Er:YAG laser resurfacing 1 month apart. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and treated with two different parameters including a pulse width of 0.3 ms (short pulse, SP) for one group and a pulse width of 250 ms (super-long pulse, SL) for the other group. Assessments were evaluated at baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Results After one treatment, 63.7% and 33.4% of the subjects in the SP and SL groups, respectively, were assessed to have obvious to marked improvement of their wrinkles. After two treatments, a higher percentage of the subjects were rated to have obvious to marked improvement including 91% and 66.7% in the SP and SL groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in therapeutic outcome between the SP and SL groups. Conclusions There was no significant difference in efficacy and side effects, between the SP and SL groups. However, a trend toward better response with the shorter pulse width was observed. ISSN: 0011-9059 Record 339 of 726 Author(s): Matangkasombut, O (Matangkasombut, Oranart); Wattanawaraporn, R (Wattanawaraporn, Roongtiwa); Tsuruda, K (Tsuruda, Keiko); Ohara, M (Ohara, Masaru); Sugai, M (Sugai, Motoyuki); Mongkolsuk, S (Mongkolsuk, Skorn) Title: Cytolethal Distending Toxin from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Induces DNA Damage, S/G(2) Cell Cycle Arrest, and Caspase-Independent Death in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Source: INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, 78 (2): 783-792 FEB 2010 Abstract: Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a bacterial toxin that induces G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, cell distension, and/or apoptosis in mammalian cells. It is produced by several Gram-negative species and may contribute to their pathogenicity. The catalytic subunit CdtB has homology with DNase I and may act as a genotoxin. However, the mechanism by which CdtB leads to cell death is not yet clearly understood. Here, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to study the molecular pathways involved in the function of CdtB from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a cause of aggressive periodontitis. We show that A. actinomycetemcomitans CdtB (AaCdtB) expression induces S/G(2) arrest and death in a DNase-catalytic residue and nuclear localization-dependent manner in haploid yeasts. Yeast strains defective in homologous recombination (HR) repair, but not other DNA repair pathways, are hypersensitive to AaCdtB, suggesting that HR is required for survival upon CdtB expression. In addition, yeast does not harbor the substrate for the other activity proposed for CdtB function, which is phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate phosphatase. Thus, these results suggest that direct DNA-damaging activity alone is sufficient for CdtB toxicity. To investigate how CdtB induces cell death, we examined the effect of CdtB in yeast strains with mutations in apoptotic regulators. Our results suggest that yeast death occurs independently of the yeast metacaspase gene YCA1 and the apoptosis-inducing factor AIF1 but is partially dependent on histone H2B serine 10 phosphorylation. Therefore, we report here the evidence that AaCdtB causes DNA damage that leads to nonapoptotic death in yeast and the first mutation that confers resistance to CdtB. ISSN: 0019-9567 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00857-09 Record 340 of 726 Author(s): Mahittikorn, A (Mahittikorn, Aongart); Wickert, H (Wickert, Hannes); Sukthana, Y (Sukthana, Yaowalark) Title: Toxoplasma gondii: Simple duplex RT-PCR assay for detecting SAG1 and BAG1 genes during stage conversion in immunosuppressed mice Source: EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY, 124 (2): 225-231 FEB 2010 Abstract: Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is caused by reactivation of dormant bradyzoites into rapidly dividing tachyzoites of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in immune-compromised hosts. Diagnosis of this life-threatening disease is complicated, since it is difficult to distinguish between these two stages. It is, therefore, mainly based on a test positive for T gondii antibodies, and specific clinical symptoms. We developed a duplex RT-PCR to detect the expression of bradyzoite (BAG1) and tachyzoite (SAG1) specific genes simultaneously during tachyzoite/bradyzoite stage conversion. The conversion reaction was observed in many organs of experimental mice, indicated by tachyzoites in the cerebrum, cerebellum, heart and lung, beginning in week 1 after the suppression period, and continuing until the end. Bradyzoites were also detected in nearly all organs throughout the study, suggesting that during the reactivation period, bradyzoites not only escape from cysts and reinvade neighboring cells as tachyzoites, but are also driven into developing new bradyzoites. The results of our study show that duplex RT-PCR is an easy, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible method, which is particularly valuable when numerous samples must be analyzed. This technique may usefully serve as an alternate tool for diagnosing TE in severely immunocompromised patients. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-4894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.10.003 Record 341 of 726 Author(s): Wangsomboonsiri, W (Wangsomboonsiri, Wittaya); Mahasirimongkol, S (Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth); Chantarangsu, S (Chantarangsu, Soranun); Kiertiburanakul, S (Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin); Charoenyingwattana, A (Charoenyingwattana, Angkana); Komindr, S (Komindr, Surat); Thongnak, C (Thongnak, Chupong); Mushiroda, T (Mushiroda, Taisei); Nakamura, Y (Nakamura, Yusuke); Chantratita, W (Chantratita, Wasun); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, Somnuek) Title: Association between HLA-B(star)4001 and Lipodystrophy among HIV-Infected Patients from Thailand Who Received a Stavudine-Containing Antiretroviral Regimen Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (4): 597-604 FEB 15 2010 Abstract: Background. Stavudine-containing antiretroviral regimens are widely used in developing countries. Stavudine-associated lipodystrophy commonly occurs, without a clear predictable pattern owing to the unknown interaction between stavudine and the host, among patients who received this regimen. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical risk factors and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated with stavudine-associated lipodystrophy. Methods. A case-control, cross-sectional study was conducted for HIV-infected patients receiving stavudine-containing antiretroviral regimens. Clinical assessments for lipodystrophy by physical examination, anthropometry, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were obtained. On the basis of their clinical assessment, the patients were classified into 2 groups: the case group (moderated to severe lipodystrophy) and the control group (absent to mild lipodystrophy). The clinical characteristics and allelic distribution of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DPB1 were compared between the case group and the control group, to determine the possible association with stavudine-associated lipodystrophy. Results. There were 103 patients; 55 patients were in the case group, and 48 patients were in the control group. By use of forward stepwise logistic regression, the presence of HLA-B(star)4001 (odds ratio [OR], 14.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.57-76.59; P = .002) and a longer duration of stavudine treatment (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04; P = .02) were significantly associated with stavudine-associated lipodystrophy, whereas a higher body mass index during treatment (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.86; P < .001) was associated with a lower risk for lipodystrophy. HLA-B(star)4001 has a high specificity (95.8%) and a positive predictive value (88.9%) for lipodystrophy. Conclusions. HLA-B(star)4001 is a strong genetic risk factor for stavudine-associated lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients in Thailand. HLA-B(star)4001 may be used as a genetic marker to predict which patients will develop stavudine-associated lipodystrophy, to avoid or shorten the duration of stavudine use. This finding needs to be confirmed in further replication studies. ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/650003 Record 342 of 726 Author(s): Kiatboonsri, S (Kiatboonsri, Sumalee); Kiatboonsri, C (Kiatboonsri, Charn); Theerawit, P (Theerawit, Pongdhep) Title: Fatal Respiratory Events Caused by Zanamivir Nebulization Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (4): 620-620 FEB 15 2010 ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/650176 Record 343 of 726 Author(s): Nantawanit, N (Nantawanit, Nantawan); Chanchaichaovivat, A (Chanchaichaovivat, Arun); Panijpan, B (Panijpan, Bhinyo); Ruenwongsa, P (Ruenwongsa, Pintip) Title: Induction of defense response against Colletotrichum capsici in chili fruit by the yeast Pichia guilliermondii strain R13 Source: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, 52 (2): 145-152 FEB 2010 Abstract: Pichia guilliermondii strain R13, a yeast isolated from Thai rambutan, has been shown to suppress the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum capsici in harvested chili. Its multiple modes of action include nutrient competition, tight attachment to the fungus, and hydrolytic enzyme secretion. This study investigated the ability of the P. guilliermondii strain R13 to induce resistance against C. capsici in chili fruit. The pretreatment of chili with the yeast antagonist, physically separated from the fungus by known distances, significantly reduced disease incidence and lesion diameter caused by C. capsici. Compared to the controls, the yeast treatment also significantly enhanced the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase, and beta-1,3-glucanase, and the accumulation of capsidiol phytoalexin in chili tissue. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the morphology of C. capsici spores and hyphae were abnormal and that the pathogen had restricted growth on chili tissue adjacent to the yeast-inoculated sites. The results indicate that the induction of resistance may be another mechanism by which the yeast antagonist suppresses C. capsici. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1049-9644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.10.011 Record 344 of 726 Author(s): Saksmerprome, V (Saksmerprome, Vanvimon); Puiprom, O (Puiprom, Orapim); Noonin, C (Noonin, Chadanat); Flegel, TW (Flegel, Timothy W.) Title: Detection of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in farmed Australian Penaeus monodon by PCR analysis and DNA sequencing Source: AQUACULTURE, 298 (3-4): 190-193 JAN 7 2010 Abstract: Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) of shrimp has recently been classified as Penaeus stylirostris brevidensovirus (PstDNV) in the family Parvoviridae. Genetic variants have been reported in the Black Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon over its natural range from East Africa to Australasia. Previous reports from Australia have suggested that a distinct, non-infectious type of IHHNV that is inserted into the shrimp host genome is the only type of IHHNV that occurs there. Here we describe an infectious type of IHHNV identified from farmed P. monodon in Australia in April 2008 by PCR amplification from two regions of the IHHNV genome, one reported to be discriminatory for the infectious type of IHHNV and the other (from IHHNV ORF1/2) not described in the non-infectious, inserted type. In addition, we used overlapping PCR primers to amplify all of the ORFs of the IHHNV genome (approximately 3.6 kb) from the Australian samples, except for the hairpin loop ends (GQ475529). Comparison of the maximum possible portion of this sequence with 8 GenBank records of IHHNV isolates reported from Asia (2814 bases relative to positions 588 to 3413 of GenBank AF273215) revealed 94-95% identity in nucleic acid sequence and 96 to 97% identity in amino acid sequence. These results were in agreement with an official report by the World Organization for Animal Health in July 2008 for the presence of infectious IHHNV in Australia. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0044-8486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.11.012 Record 345 of 726 Author(s): Singkaravanit, S (Singkaravanit, Suthitar); Kinoshita, H (Kinoshita, Hiroshi); Ihara, F (Ihara, Fumio); Nihira, T (Nihira, Takuya) Title: Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes in entomopathogenic fungi Source: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 85 (5): 1463-1472 FEB 2010 Abstract: Based on comparative amino-acid sequence alignment of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase from filamentous fungi, degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed for searching GGPP synthase gene(s) in entomopathogenic fungi. Polymerase chain reaction with the designed primers amplified GGPP synthase homologues from five representative entomopathogenic fungi: Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium lecanii, Paecilomyces farinosus, and Nomuraea rileyi. Sequence comparison of the amplified of GGPP synthase homologue fragments revealed that M. anisopliae and B. bassiana have at least two different types of the GGPP synthase gene homologues. The first type (designated as ggs1), which is highly conserved among the five strains, has a unique Ser-rich region, SSXSSVSGSSS (X refers to L, A, V, or S), and is constitutively expressed throughout growth. In contrast, the second type of GGPP synthase gene homologue (ggs2) was discovered only in some strains, and genes of this type possessed high similarity to each other but showed relatively weak similarity to the ggs1 genes, with no detectable transcription under the cultivation conditions applied in this experiment. The ggs1 cloned from M. anisopliae, which encoded a putative protein of 359 amino acid residues, was heterologously expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein showed activity to synthesize GGPP from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. These results strongly suggested that the ggs1 gene encodes a GGPP synthase involved in primary metabolism. ISSN: 0175-7598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2171-9 Record 346 of 726 Author(s): Kaewkhomdee, N (Kaewkhomdee, Nattikarn); Mounicou, S (Mounicou, Sandra); Szpunar, J (Szpunar, Joanna); Lobinski, R (Lobinski, Ryszard); Shiowatana, J (Shiowatana, Juwadee) Title: Characterization of binding and bioaccessibility of Cr in Cr-enriched yeast by sequential extraction followed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection Source: ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 396 (3): 1355-1364 FEB 2010 Abstract: Sequential extraction (water, Driselase, protease XIV) and extraction with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids were proposed to characterize the binding and the bioaccessibility of chromium in two commercial food supplements obtained by incorporation of this element into yeast. Chromium in Cr-enriched yeast was found to be hardly extractable with water, Driselase, or simulated gastric fluid (recoveries of approximately 10-20%), but proteolysis or gastrointestinal fluid digestion released more than half of the chromium present. Fractionation with size-exclusion chromatography with Cr-specific detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) allowed the distinction of two fractions: one below approximately 1 kDa and one 1-5 kDa; they contained the entirety of the released Cr with proportions varying as a function of the extracting solution and the origin of sample. When collected and investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-ICP MS, the low molecular mass fraction was found to release Cr(III), whereas the heavier one showed most of Cr bound in fairly stable hydrophobic complexes. However, an attempt of their identification by electrospray ionization MS/MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MS was not successful. ISSN: 1618-2642 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3285-8 Record 347 of 726 Author(s): Harris, SR (Harris, Simon R.); Feil, EJ (Feil, Edward J.); Holden, MTG (Holden, Matthew T. G.); Quail, MA (Quail, Michael A.); Nickerson, EK (Nickerson, Emma K.); Chantratita, N (Chantratita, Narisara); Gardete, S (Gardete, Susana); Tavares, A (Tavares, Ana); Day, N (Day, Nick); Lindsay, JA (Lindsay, Jodi A.); Edgeworth, JD (Edgeworth, Jonathan D.); de Lencastre, H (de Lencastre, Herminia); Parkhill, J (Parkhill, Julian); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.); Bentley, SD (Bentley, Stephen D.) Title: Evolution of MRSA During Hospital Transmission and Intercontinental Spread Source: SCIENCE, 327 (5964): 469-474 JAN 22 2010 Abstract: Current methods for differentiating isolates of predominant lineages of pathogenic bacteria often do not provide sufficient resolution to define precise relationships. Here, we describe a high-throughput genomics approach that provides a high-resolution view of the epidemiology and microevolution of a dominant strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This approach reveals the global geographic structure within the lineage, its intercontinental transmission through four decades, and the potential to trace person-to-person transmission within a hospital environment. The ability to interrogate and resolve bacterial populations is applicable to a range of infectious diseases, as well as microbial ecology. ISSN: 0036-8075 DOI: 10.1126/science.1182395 Record 348 of 726 Author(s): Bienvenu, F (Bienvenu, Frederic); Jirawatnotai, S (Jirawatnotai, Siwanon); Elias, JE (Elias, Joshua E.); Meyer, CA (Meyer, Clifford A.); Mizeracka, K (Mizeracka, Karolina); Marson, A (Marson, Alexander); Frampton, GM (Frampton, Garrett M.); Cole, MF (Cole, Megan F.); Odom, DT (Odom, Duncan T.); Odajima, J (Odajima, Junko); Geng, Y (Geng, Yan); Zagozdzon, A (Zagozdzon, Agnieszka); Jecrois, M (Jecrois, Marie); Young, RA (Young, Richard A.); Liu, XS (Liu, X. Shirley); Cepko, CL (Cepko, Constance L.); Gygi, SP (Gygi, Steven P.); Sicinski, P (Sicinski, Piotr) Title: Transcriptional role of cyclin D1 in development revealed by a genetic-proteomic screen Source: NATURE, 463 (7279): 374-378 JAN 21 2010 Abstract: Cyclin D1 belongs to the core cell cycle machinery, and it is frequently overexpressed in human cancers(1,2). The full repertoire of cyclin D1 functions in normal development and oncogenesis is unclear at present. Here we developed Flag-and haemagglutinin-tagged cyclin D1 knock-in mouse strains that allowed a high-throughput mass spectrometry approach to search for cyclin D1-binding proteins in different mouse organs. In addition to cell cycle partners, we observed several proteins involved in transcription. Genome-wide location analyses (chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to DNA microarray; ChIP-chip) showed that during mouse development cyclin D1 occupies promoters of abundantly expressed genes. In particular, we found that in developing mouse retinas-an organ that critically requires cyclin D1 function(3,4)-cyclin D1 binds the upstream regulatory region of the Notch1 gene, where it serves to recruit CREB binding protein (CBP) histone acetyltransferase. Genetic ablation of cyclin D1 resulted in decreased CBP recruitment, decreased histone acetylation of the Notch1 promoter region, and led to decreased levels of the Notch1 transcript and protein in cyclin D1-null (Ccnd1(-/-)) retinas. Transduction of an activated allele of Notch1 into Ccnd1(-/-) retinas increased proliferation of retinal progenitor cells, indicating that upregulation of Notch1 signalling alleviates the phenotype of cyclin D1-deficiency. These studies show that in addition to its well-established cell cycle roles, cyclin D1 has an in vivo transcriptional function in mouse development. Our approach, which we term 'genetic-proteomic', can be used to study the in vivo function of essentially any protein. ISSN: 0028-0836 DOI: 10.1038/nature08684 Record 349 of 726 Author(s): Kruavit, A (Kruavit, Arthi); Visuthikosol, V (Visuthikosol, Vivat) Title: TEMPOROPARIETAL FASCIAL FREE FLAP FOR CORRECTION OF FIRST WEB SPACE ATROPHY Source: MICROSURGERY, 30 (1): 8-12 2010 Abstract: Fourteen temporoparietal fascial free flaps were used for correction of first web space atrophy from ulnar nerve palsy in 13 patients. Ten sustained ulnar nerve injuries and three suffered from leprosy. The procedures were performed under general anesthesia except one leprosy patient with bilateral ulnar nerve palsy in which local anesthesia and brachial block were employed to harvest bilateral free flaps and recipient site preparations, respectively. The follow-up time varied from 4 to 64 months. The postoperative results were satisfactory and there was no resorption of the free flaps. The consistency of the augmented first web space was soft and compressible like natural feel. The size of the flap was more than enough for augmentation of first web space and donor site morbidity was minimal and accepted by all patients. We conclude that temporoparietal fascial free flap is an ideal autogenous tissue for correction of first web space atrophy. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:8-12, 2010. ISSN: 0738-1085 DOI: 10.1002/micr.20677 Record 350 of 726 Author(s): Thaweboon, B (Thaweboon, B.); Laohapand, P (Laohapand, P.); Amornchat, C (Amornchat, C.); Matsuyama, J (Matsuyama, J.); Sato, T (Sato, T.); Nunez, PP (Nunez, P. P.); Uematsu, H (Uematsu, H.); Hoshino, E (Hoshino, E.) Title: Host beta-globin gene fragments in crevicular fluid as a biomarker in periodontal health and disease Source: JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, 45 (1): 38-44 FEB 2010 Abstract: Background and Objective: Leukocytes and epithelium are the first line of defense in preventing bacterial invasion into periodontium. Some of these cells die in gingival crevicular fluid, whereupon their DNA is spilled out. The present study was designed to investigate the profile of host beta-globin gene fragments in the gingival crevicular fluid of various periodontal conditions. Material and Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid from 40 teeth with chronic periodontitis, 30 with gingivitis and 22 that were clinically healthy were centrifuged (3000g, 10 min). The supernatant (cell-free gingival crevicular fluid) was centrifuged again (13,000g, 10 min), resulting in the pellet and the supernatant as debris and debris-free fractions, respectively. Specific primers for amplifying 110 bp, 536 bp and 2 kb amplicons of human beta-globin gene were used to investigate host DNA by quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The periodontitis group showed the largest amount of host beta-globin gene fragments, while the healthy group had the lowest. In the debris and debris-free fractions, the 536 bp and 2 kb amplicons were more often detected in the periodontitis group than in the other groups. Interestingly, the presence of 2 kb amplicon in the debris fraction could be used to discriminate periodontitis from gingivitis and healthy groups because we found it in 85% of periodontitis samples but only in 13% of gingivitis samples, and it was absent in the healthy group. Conclusion: This study shows the different DNA profiles of cell-free gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease. It suggests that the quantity and quality of host DNA are dependent on the disease conditions. Therefore, the beta-globin gene fragments in cell-free gingival crevicular fluid may be a potential biomarker of periodontal disease progression. ISSN: 0022-3484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01197.x Record 351 of 726 Author(s): Gaudin, K (Gaudin, Karen); Millet, P (Millet, Pascal); Fawaz, F (Fawaz, Fawaz); Olliaro, P (Olliaro, Piero); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Cassus-Coussere, C (Cassus-Coussere, Celine); Agbahoungha, U (Agbahoungha, Ulrich); Dubost, JP (Dubost, Jean-Pierre) Title: Investigation of porous graphitic carbon at high-temperature liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection for the analysis of the drug combination artesunate-Azithromycin for the treatment of severe malaria Source: JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, 1217 (1): 75-81 JAN 1 2010 Abstract: Artesunate combined therapies represent the best option for the treatment of malaria and require the development of new methods of analysis. Retention, selectivity and detection with high-temperature liquid chromatography-porous graphitic carbon-evaporative light scattering detection was studied for artesunate and azithromycin separation. Organic solvent, concentration of organic modifiers, temperature and flow rate were all relevant parameters to optimize this separation. The behaviour of artesunate in the tested conditions appeared close to a neutral compound. In CH3OH, only azithromycin retention was dramatically altered depending on the [triethylamine]/[formic acid] ratio and on the temperature, whereas in CH3CN, azithromycin, artesunate. artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin retentions decreased with the temperature increase whatever the organic modifier ratio. The best efficiency was obtained with CH3CN. 25% variation of the concentration values of the organic modifiers did not significantly influenced the retention. The sensitivity of ELSD increased with the flow rate decrease. Peak area and S/N ratio dramatically decreased with the flow rate increase by 10- and 5-fold for artesunate and azithromycin, respectively. Non-linear calibration curves were obtained for both artesunate and azithromycin. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0021-9673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.015 Record 352 of 726 Author(s): Mitrevski, BS (Mitrevski, Blagoj S.); Wilairat, P (Wilairat, Prapin); Marriott, PJ (Marriott, Philip J.) Title: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography improves separation and identification of anabolic agents in doping control Source: JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, 1217 (1): 127-135 JAN 1 2010 Abstract: The application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOFMS) for the analysis of six anabolic agents (AAs) in doping control is investigated in this work. A non-polar-polar column configuration with 0.2 mu m film thickness (d(f)) second dimension (D-2) column was employed, offering much better spread of the components on D-2 when compared to the alternative 0.1 mu m d(r) D-2 column. The proposed method was tested on the "key" AA that the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) had listed at the low ngmL(-1) levels (clenbuterol, 19-norandrosterone, epimethendiol, 17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 3'-OH-stanozolol). The compounds were spiked in a blank urine extract obtained by solid-phase extraction, hydrolysis and liquid-liquid extraction; prior to analysis they were converted to the corresponding trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The limit of detection (LOD) was below or equal to the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of 2 ng mL(-1) defined by WADA, and the correlation coefficient was in the range from 0.995 to 0.999. The method allows choosing an ion from the full mass spectra which shows the least interference from the matrix and/or the best sensitivity: this can only be done if full scan mass spectral data are available. The advantage of GC x GC over classical one-dimensional GC (1D GC), in terms of separation efficiency and sensitivity, is demonstrated on a positive urine control sample at a concentration of 5 ng mL-1. The obtained similarity to the in-house created TOFMS spectra library at this level of concentration was in the range from 822 to 932 (on the scale from 0 to 999). Since full mass spectral information are recorded, the method allows the retro-search of non-target compounds or new "designer steroids", which cannot be detected with established GC-MS methods that use selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0021-9673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.075 Record 353 of 726 Author(s): Wajanavisit, W (Wajanavisit, Wiwat); Woratanarat, P (Woratanarat, Patarawan); Woratanarat, T (Woratanarat, Thira); Aroonjaruthum, K (Aroonjaruthum, Kitti); Kulachote, N (Kulachote, Noratep); Leelapatana, W (Leelapatana, Wajana); Laohacharoensombat, W (Laohacharoensombat, Wichien) Title: The evaluation of short fusion in idiopathic scoliosis Source: INDIAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS, 44 (1): 28-34 JAN-MAR 2010 Abstract: Background: Selective thoracic fusion in type II curve has been recommended by King et al. since 1983. They suggested that care must be taken to use the vertebra that is neutral and stable so that the lower level of fusion is centered over the sacrum. Since then there has been the trend to do shorter and selective fusion of the major curve. This study was conducted to find out whether short posterior pedicle instrumentation alone could provide efficient correction and maintain trunk balance comparing to the anterior instrumentation. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted during 2005-2007 on 39 consecutive cases with idiopathic scoliosis cases King 2 and 3 (Lenke 1A, 1B), 5C and miscellaneous. Only the major curve was instrumented unless both curves were equally rigid and of the same magnitude. The level of fusion was planned as the end vertebra (EVB) to EVB fusion, although minor adjustment was modified by the surgeons intraoperatively. The most common fusion levels in major thoracic curves were T6-T12, whereas the most common fusion levels in the thoraco-lumbar curves were T10-L3. Fusion was performed from the posterior only approach and the implants utilized were uniformly plate and pedicle screw system. All the patients were followed at least 2 years till skeletal maturity. The correction of the curve were assessed according to type of curve (lenke IA, IB and 5), severity of curve (less than 450, 450-890 and more than 900), age at surgery (14 or less and 15 or more) and number of the segment involved in instrumentation (fusion level less than curve, fusion level as of the curve and fusion more than the curve). Results: The average long-term curve correction for the thoracic was 40.4% in Lenke 1A, 52.2% in Lenke 1B and 56.3% in Lenke 5. The factors associated with poorer outcome were younger age at surgery (<11 years or Risser 0), fusion at wrong levels (shorter than the measured end vertebra) and rigid curve identified by bending study. However, all patients had significant improved trunk balance and coronal hump at the final assessment at maturity. Two patients underwent late extension fusion because of junctional scoliosis. Conclusions: With modern instrumentations, the EVB of the major curve can be used at the end of the instrumentation in most cases of idiopathic scoliosis. In those cases with either severe trunk shift, younger than 11 years old, or extreme rigid curve, an extension of one or more levels might be safer. In particular situations, the concept of centering the lowest vertebra over the sacrum should be adopted. ISSN: 0019-5413 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.58603 Record 354 of 726 Author(s): Laohacharoensombat, W (Laohacharoensombat, Wichien); Wajanavisit, W (Wajanavisit, Wiwat); Woratanarat, P (Woratanarat, Patarawan) Title: Cervical neurofibromatosis with quadriparesis: Management by fibular strut graft Source: INDIAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS, 44 (1): 95-97 JAN-MAR 2010 Abstract: This is a case report of an eight-year old boy with neurofibromatosis and a 120 dystrophic kyphosis of the cervical spine. He presented with progressive quadriparesis caused by spondyloptosis of the C2/C3, and was successfully treated by skull traction and one-stage anterior fibular strut graft lying between the tubercle of the atlas through the C2 body slot and lower vertebrae. At seven years follow-up there was, loosening of lower vertebral screws which allowed growth and residual mobility of lower vertebral joints while the fusion of upper cervical spines was still solid. ISSN: 0019-5413 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.54968 Record 355 of 726 Author(s): Opatrna, S (Opatrna, Sylvie); Chiangjong, W (Chiangjong, Wararat); Korabecna, M (Korabecna, Marie); Sintiprungrat, K (Sintiprungrat, Kitisak); Sinchaikul, S (Sinchaikul, Supachok); Chen, ST (Chen, Shui-Tein); Matejovic, M (Matejovic, Martin); Thongboonkerd, V (Thongboonkerd, Visith) Title: Plasma proteome profiling of von Hippel-Lindau disease after total and subtotal nephrectomy: A preliminary study Source: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 43 (1-2): 142-149 JAN 2010 Abstract: Objectives: Common treatment of renal cell carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is total (bilateral) or subtotal nephrectomy. Whereas total nephrectomy is associated with absolutely no residual renal function, subtotal nephrectomy frequently leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD) with some residual renal functions. However, molecular mechanisms underlying CKD remain unclear and the diagnosis of CKD is frequently accomplished at its late stage. Design and methods: We performed a plasma proteomics study to compare the plasma proteome profile of VHL patient who underwent total nephrectomy to the profiles of VHL patient with subtotal nephrectomy and healthy control. Totally 100 mu g proteins from each sample was resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in triplicate and visualized with SYPRO Ruby fluorescence stain. Results: The normal plasma proteome profile markedly differed from the profiles of VHL patients. Comparative analysis between total versus subtotal nephrectomized patients revealed significant differences in levels of 20 plasma proteins. Pathway analysis revealed two important networks involving in lipid metabolism, molecular transport, carbohydrate metabolism, cellular growth and proliferation, and small molecule biochemistry, in which these identified and other proteins interplayed. Conclusions: Our data identified potential biomarkers for CKD. Further characterization of these identified proteins might also lead to better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying CKD. (c) 2009 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0009-9120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.08.010 Record 356 of 726 Author(s): Vanavanan, S (Vanavanan, Somlak); Santanirand, P (Santanirand, Pitak); Chaichanajarernkula, U (Chaichanajarernkula, Upsorn); Chittamma, A (Chittamma, Anchalee); DuBois, JA (DuBois, Jeffrey A.); Shirey, T (Shirey, Terry); Heinz, M (Heinz, Mark) Title: Performance of a new interference-resistant glucose meter Source: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 43 (1-2): 186-192 JAN 2010 Abstract: Objectives: Glucose meters are widely used in self and hospital monitoring of blood glucose. We examined the analytical performance of a StatStrip glucose monitoring system. Design and methods: Linearity, % recovery and within-run imprecision were studied using glucose-spiked whole blood. A total of 120 heparinized samples were used in method comparison using a plasma hexokinase on the Dimension RxL MAX analyzer as the comparison method. Common interferences were tested on the StatStrip, Accu-Chek Advantage and the MediSense Optium glucose meters at low, middle and high glucose levels. Results: The StatStrip assay showed excellent linearity and recovery. The coefficient of variations for imprecision were <5%. This meter correlated well with the comparison method (y=0.994X+0.03; r=0.995, S-y/x=0.05 mmol/L, bias=-0.01 mmol/L). Of the three meters tested, only the StatStrip showed interference <10% for all spiked levels of acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, maltose and hematocrit at three levels of glucose tested. Conclusions: The StatStrip meter showed good performance and is suitable for point-of-care hospital glucose testing. (C) 2009 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0009-9120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.010 Record 357 of 726 Author(s): Nuntapornsak, A (Nuntapornsak, Amporn); Wongdee, K (Wongdee, Kannikar); Thongbunchoo, J (Thongbunchoo, Jirawan); Krishnamra, N (Krishnamra, Nateetip); Charoenphandhu, N (Charoenphandhu, Narattaphol) Title: Changes in the mRNA expression of osteoblast-related genes in response to beta(3)-adrenergic agonist in UMR106 cells Source: CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, 28 (1): 45-51 JAN 2010 Abstract: Activation of adrenergic receptors (AR) was demonstrated to result in either bone gain or bone loss depending on the activated AR subtypes and concentrations of agonists used. While beta(2)-AR agonist was extensively investigated as an osteopenic agent, effects Of beta(3)-AR activation on osteoblasts were still elusive. Rat osteoblast-like UMR106 cells were herein found to express several AR subtypes, including beta(3)-AR. After exposure to a low-dose beta(3)-AR agonist BRL37344 (10 nmol L-1), UMR106 cells downregulated the mRNA expression of transcription factors Runx2 and Dlx5, which are important for initiation of osteoblast differentiation. Low-dose BRL37344 also decreased the expression ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) over osteoprotegerin (OPG), suggesting the protective effect Of beta(3)-AR agonist against bone resorption. Alkaline phosphatase expression was markedly decreased, whereas expressions of osteocalcin and osteopontin were increased by 100 nmol L-1 BRL37344, indicating that beta(3)-AR activation could accelerate the transition of matrix maturation stage to mineralization stage. In conclusion, beta(3)-AR activation in rat osteoblasts induced alteration in the expression of osteoblast-related transcription factor genes as well as genes required for bone formation and resorption. The present results also suggest that, besides beta(2)-AR, beta(3)-AR is another AR subtype responsible for the sympathetic nervous system-induced bone remodeling. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISSN: 0263-6484 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1617 Record 358 of 726 Author(s): Jearawiriyapaisarn, N (Jearawiriyapaisarn, Natee); Moulton, HM (Moulton, Hong M.); Sazani, P (Sazani, Peter); Kole, R (Kole, Ryszard); Willis, MS (Willis, Monte S.) Title: Long-term improvement in mdx cardiomyopathy after therapy with peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers Source: CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH, 85 (3): 444-453 FEB 1 2010 Abstract: Aims The cardiomyopathy found in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is responsible for death due to heart failure in similar to 30% of patients and additionally contributes to many DMD morbidities. Strategies to bypass DMD-causing mutations to allow an increase in body-wide dystrophin have proved promising, but increasing cardiac dystrophin continues to be challenging. The purpose of this study was to determine if therapeutic restoration of cardiac dystrophin improved the significant cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction identified in X-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) dystrophin-null mouse due to a truncation mutation over time after treatment. Methods and results Mice lacking dystrophin due to a truncation mutation (mdx) were given an arginine-rich, cell-penetrating, peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PPMO) that delivered a splice-switching oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping therapy to restore dystrophin in mdx mice before the development of detectable cardiomyopathy. PPMO successfully restored cardiac dystrophin expression, preserved cardiac sarcolemma integrity, and prevented the development of cardiac pathology that develops in mdx-null mice over time. By echocardiography and Doppler analysis of the mitral valve, we identified that PPMO treatment of mdx mice prevented the cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction identified in sham-treated, age-matched mdx mice, characteristic of DMD patients early in the disease process, in as little as 5-6 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Surprisingly, despite the short-term replacement of cardiac dystrophin (<1% present after 12 weeks by immunodetection), PPMO therapy also provided a durable cardiac improvement in cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction for up to 7 months after the initiation of treatment. Conclusion These results demonstrate for the first time that PPMO-mediated exon skipping therapy early in the course of DMD may effectively prevent or slow down associated cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction with significant long-term impact. ISSN: 0008-6363 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp335 Record 359 of 726 Author(s): Chaiyen, P (Chaiyen, Pimchai) Title: Flavoenzymes catalyzing oxidative aromatic ring-cleavage reactions Source: ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS, 493 (1): 62-70 Sp. Iss. SI JAN 2010 Abstract: 2-Methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid (MHPC) oxygenase (MHPCO) and 5-pyridoxic acid oxygenase are flavoenzymes catalyzing an aromatic hydroxylation and a ring-cleavage reaction. Both enzymes are involved in biodegradation of vitamin B6 in bacteria. Oxygen-tracer experiments have shown that the enzymes are monooxygnases since only one atom of molecular oxygen is incorporated into the products. Kinetics of MHPCO has shown that the enzyme is similar to single-component flavoprotein hydroxylases in that the binding of MHPC is required prior to the flavin reduction by NADH, and C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD and C4a-hydroxy-FAD are found as intermediates. Investigation on the protonation status of the substrate upon binding to the enzyme has shown that only the tri-ionic form of MHPC is bound at the MHPCO active site. Using a series of FAD analogues with substituents at the 8-position of the isoalloxazine ring, the oxygenation of MHPC by the C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD was shown to occur via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. Recently. the X-ray structures of MHPCO and a complex of MHPC-MHPCO at 2.1 angstrom have been reported and show the presence of nine water molecules in the enzyme active site. Based on structural data, a few residues, Tyr82, Tyr223, Arg181, were suggested to be important for catalysis of MHPCO. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0003-9861 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.08.021 Record 360 of 726 Author(s): Pongtippatee, P (Pongtippatee, Pattira); Luppanakane, R (Luppanakane, Roengsak); Thaweethamsewee, P (Thaweethamsewee, Pinij); Kirirat, P (Kirirat, Pornpimol); Weerachatyanukul, W (Weerachatyanukul, Wattana); Withyachumnarnkul, B (Withyachumnarnkul, Boonsirm) Title: Delay of the egg activation process in the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon by manipulation of magnesium levels in spawning water Source: AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, 41 (2): 227-232 JAN 18 2010 Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether magnesium (Mg2+) in seawater is required for egg activation of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and whether manipulation of Mg2+ levels can be used to delay the process and thereby synchronize egg activation. Female P. monodon brood-stock were allowed to spawn in artificial seawater containing Mg2+ at varying levels with respect to the normal (100%) level: 100%, 50%, 20% and 0%. Egg activation occurred normally at 100% Mg2+, incompletely at 50% and 20% Mg2+ levels and did not occur at all with 0% Mg2+. The fertilization rate with 100% Mg2+ was observed to be 83%, but fertilization failed to take place in all the other groups. The fertilization rate was restored from 0% to 76% following the 20% Mg2+ level treatment when Mg2+ levels returned to normal (100%) as soon as spawning was completed. This study suggests that the level of Mg2+ in seawater plays a vital role in P. monodon egg activation, and that commencement of this process could be delayed by manipulation of the Mg2+ level during and immediately after spawning. ISSN: 1355-557X DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02322.x Record 361 of 726 Author(s): Rakbud, J (Rakbud, Jitti); Chaisuriya, P (Chaisuriya, Pachara) Title: SCHATTEN CLASSES OF MATRICES IN A GENERALIZED B(l(2)) Source: JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, 47 (1): 29-40 JAN 2010 Abstract: In this paper, we study a generalization of the Banach space B(l(2)) of all bounded linear operators on l(2). Over this space, we present some reasonable ways to define Schatten-type classes which are generalizations of the classical Schatten classes of compact operators on l(2). ISSN: 0304-9914 DOI: 10.4134/JKMS.2010.47.1.029 Record 362 of 726 Author(s): Morrison, D (Morrison, Dennis); Legg, TJ (Legg, Thomas J.); Billings, CW (Billings, Christopher W.); Forrat, R (Forrat, Remi); Yoksan, S (Yoksan, Sutee); Lang, J (Lang, Jean) Title: A Novel Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Is Well Tolerated and Immunogenic against All 4 Serotypes in Flavivirus-Naive Adults Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 201 (3): 370-377 FEB 1 2010 Abstract: Background. Sanofi Pasteur has developed a tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) against the world's most common arbovirus infection. Methods. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the TDV in healthy adults randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received 3 TDV injections at months 0, 4, and 12-15; group 2 received saline placebo at month 0 and then 2 TDV injections at months 4 and 12-15. Adverse events were recorded, and biological parameters and viremia levels were measured. Neutralizing antibodies against 4 World Health Organization (WHO) reference strains were measured before and after vaccinations. Results. A total of 33 participants were enrolled in each group. Demographic characteristics were comparable. No vaccine-related serious adverse event was reported. The most common systemic reactions were headache, malaise, and myalgia. Low viremia levels were detected, mainly of serotype 4. Immune response increased with successive vaccine doses. All participants seroconverted against all 4 serotypes after receiving 3 doses at 0, 4, and 12-15-months, and almost all seroconverted after 2 doses given 8-11 months apart. Conclusions. Sanofi Pasteur's TDV was well tolerated and induced full seroconversion against all WHO reference strain serotypes after 3 doses. ISSN: 0022-1899 DOI: 10.1086/649916 Record 363 of 726 Author(s): Seubsman, SA (Seubsman, Sam-ang); Lim, LLY (Lim, Lynette L-Y.); Banwell, C (Banwell, Cathy); Sripaiboonkit, N (Sripaiboonkit, Nintita); Kelly, M (Kelly, Matthew); Bain, C (Bain, Christopher); Sleigh, AC (Sleigh, Adrian C.) Title: Socioeconomic Status, Sex, and Obesity in a Large National Cohort of 15-87-Year-Old Open University Students in Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 20 (1): 13-20 JAN 2010 Abstract: Background: As obesity increases, middle-income Countries are undergoing a health-risk transition. We examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and emerging obesity if, Thailand, and ascertain if all inverse relationship between SES and obesity has appeared. Methods: The data derived front 87 134 individuals (54% female; median age, 29 years) in a national col-fort of distance-learning Open University students aged 15-87 years and living throughout Thailand. We calculated adjusted odds ratios for associations of SES with obesity (body mass index, >= 25) across 3 age groups by sex, after controlling for marital status, age, and urbanization. Results: Obesity increased with age and was more prevalent among males than females (22.7% vs 9.9%); more females were underweight (21.8% vs 6.2%). Annual income was 2000 to 3000 US dollars for most participants. High SES, defined by education, income, household assets, and housing type, associated strongly with obesity-positively for males and inversely for Females-especially for participants younger than 40 years. The OR for obesity associated with income was as high as 1.54 for males and as low as 0.68 for Females (P for trend <0.001). Conclusions: Our national Thai cohort has passed a tipping point and assumed a pattern seen in developed Countries, ie, all inverse association between SES and obesity in females. We expect the overall population of Thailand to follow this pattern, as education spreads and incomes rise. A public health problem Of underweight females Could emerge. Recognition of these patterns is important for programs combating obesity. Many middle income Countries are undergoing similar transitions. ISSN: 0917-5040 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20090014 Record 364 of 726 Author(s): Singkhamanan, K (Singkhamanan, Kamonnut); Promdonkoy, B (Promdonkoy, Boonhiang); Chaisri, U (Chaisri, Urai); Boonserm, P (Boonserm, Panadda) Title: Identification of amino acids required for receptor binding and toxicity of the Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin Source: FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, 303 (1): 84-91 FEB 2010 Abstract: Bacillus sphaericus produces a mosquito-larvicidal binary toxin composed of BinB and BinA subunits. BinA is important for toxicity, whereas BinB acts as a specific receptor-binding component. To study the functional significance of two regions that are only present in BinB, four block mutations and two single mutations were initially introduced: 111YLD113 ->(111)AAA(113), 115NNH117 ->(115)AAA(117), (143)GEQ(145) ->(143)AAA(145), (147)FQFY(150)->(147)AAAA(150), N114A and F146A. Only the replacements at (147)FQFY(150) resulted in a total loss of toxicity to Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Further single alanine substitutions in this region, F147A, Q148A, F149A and Y150A, were introduced to identify residues playing a critical role in mosquito-larvicidal activity. Larvicidal activity assays revealed that only F149A and Y150A mutants exhibited a total loss of toxicity. The in vitro interaction assays demonstrated that all BinB mutants are able to interact with BinA. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that only the Y150A mutant was unable to bind to the larval midgut, suggesting an important role of this residue in receptor binding of the BinB subunit. Conservative aromatic substitutions at F149 and Y150 resulted in full recovery of larvicidal activity, indicating that the aromaticity of F149 and Y150 is a key determinant of larvicidal activity, possibly playing a key role in the membrane interaction and receptor binding. ISSN: 0378-1097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01865.x Record 365 of 726 Author(s): Vaccari, M (Vaccari, Mentore); Collivignarelli, C (Collivignarelli, Carlo); Tharnpoophasiam, P (Tharnpoophasiam, Prapin); Vitali, F (Vitali, Francesco) Title: Wells sanitary inspection and water quality monitoring in Ban Nam Khem (Thailand) 30 months after 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami Source: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 161 (1-4): 123-133 FEB 2010 Abstract: This paper reports the results of a study conducted in Ban Nam Khem village, the most hit in Thailand by 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, aimed to evaluate either the actual state and operation of numerous domestic wells present in the village or the quality of drawn groundwater. Data show that most critical chemical-physical parameters are turbidity, total organic carbon and iron, whereas conductivity has greatly decreased in comparison with the February 2005 monitoring campaign. Furthermore, a high faecal contamination related to both constructive and operational deficiencies was detected in most monitored wells; therefore, measures aimed at improving habits in well operation and favouring water domestic treatment are necessary. ISSN: 0167-6369 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0732-5 Record 366 of 726 Author(s): Lee, N (Lee, Nelson); Wong, CK (Wong, Chun Kwok); Chan, PKS (Chan, Paul K. S.); Lindegardh, N (Lindegardh, Niklas); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Hayden, FG (Hayden, Frederick G.); Wong, EHC (Wong, Edward H. C.); Wong, KS (Wong, Ka Shing); Cockram, CS (Cockram, Clive S.); Sung, JJY (Sung, Joseph J. Y.); Hui, DSC (Hui, David S. C.) Title: Acute Encephalopathy Associated with Influenza A Infection in Adults Source: EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 16 (1): 139-142 JAN 2010 Abstract: We report acute encephalopathy associated with influenza A infection in 3 adults. We detected high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma concentrations of CXCL8/IL-8 and CCL2/MCP-1 (CSF/plasma ratios >3), and interleukin-6, CXCL10/IP-10, but no evidence of viral neuroinvasion. Patients recovered without sequelae. Hyperactivated cytokine response may play a role in pathogenesis. ISSN: 1080-6040 DOI: 10.3201/eid1601.090077 Record 367 of 726 Author(s): Goldhaber-Fiebert, JD (Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D.); Li, H (Li, H.); Ratanawijitrasin, S (Ratanawijitrasin, S.); Vidyasagar, S (Vidyasagar, S.); Wang, XY (Wang, X. Y.); Aljunid, S (Aljunid, S.); Shah, N (Shah, N.); Wang, Z (Wang, Z.); Hirunrassamee, S (Hirunrassamee, S.); Bairy, KL (Bairy, K. L.); Wang, J (Wang, J.); Saperi, S (Saperi, S.); Nur, AM (Nur, A. M.); Eggleston, K (Eggleston, K.) Title: Inpatient treatment of diabetic patients in Asia: evidence from India, China, Thailand and Malaysia Source: DIABETIC MEDICINE, 27 (1): 101-108 JAN 2010 Abstract: Aims The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has grown rapidly, but little is known about the drivers of inpatient spending in low-and middle-income countries. This study aims to compare the clinical presentation and expenditure on hospital admission for inpatients with a primary diagnosis of Type 2 DM in India, China, Thailand and Malaysia. Methods We analysed data on adult, Type 2 DM patients admitted between 2005 and 2008 to five tertiary hospitals in the four countries, reporting expenditures relative to income per capita in 2007. Results Hospital admission spending for diabetic inpatients with no complications ranged from 11 to 75% of per-capita income. Spending for patients with complications ranged from 6% to over 300% more than spending for patients without complications treated at the same hospital. Glycated haemoglobin was significantly higher for the uninsured patients, compared with insured patients, in India (8.6 vs. 8.1%), Hangzhou, China (9.0 vs. 8.1%), and Shandong, China (10.9 vs. 9.9%). When the hospital admission expenditures of the insured and uninsured patients were statistically different in India and China, the uninsured always spent less than the insured patients. Conclusions With the rising prevalence of DM, households and health systems in these countries will face greater economic burdens. The returns to investment in preventing diabetic complications appear substantial. Countries with large out-of-pocket financing burdens such as India and China are associated with the widest gaps in resource use between insured and uninsured patients. This probably reflects both overuse by the insured and underuse by the uninsured. ISSN: 0742-3071 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02874.x Record 368 of 726 Author(s): Ryan, DP (Ryan, Devon P.); da Silva, MRD (da Silva, Magnus R. Dias); Soong, TW (Soong, Tuck Wah); Fontaine, B (Fontaine, Bertrand); Donaldson, MR (Donaldson, Matt R.); Kung, AWC (Kung, Annie W. C.); Jongjaroenprasert, W (Jongjaroenprasert, Wallaya); Liang, MC (Liang, Mui Cheng); Khoo, DHC (Khoo, Daphne H. C.); Cheah, JS (Cheah, Jin Seng); Ho, SC (Ho, Su Chin); Bernstein, HS (Bernstein, Harold S.); Maciel, RMB (Maciel, Rui M. B.); Brown, RH (Brown, Robert H., Jr.); Ptacek, LJ (Ptacek, Louis J.) Title: Mutations in Potassium Channel Kir2.6 Cause Susceptibility to Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis Source: CELL, 140 (1): 88-98 JAN 8 2010 Abstract: Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis (TPP) is characterized by acute attacks of weakness, hypokalemia, and thyrotoxicosis of various etiologies. These transient attacks resemble those of patients with familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypoKPP) and resolve with treatment of the underlying hyperthyroidism. Because of the phenotypic similarity of these conditions, we hypothesized that TPP might also be a channelopathy. While sequencing candidate genes, we identified a previously unreported gene (not present in human sequence databases) that encodes an inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel, Kir2.6. This channel, nearly identical to Kir2.2, is expressed in skeletal muscle and is transcriptionally regulated by thyroid hormone. Expression of Kir2.6 in mammalian cells revealed normal Kir currents in whole-cell and single-channel recordings. Kir2.6 mutations were present in up to 33% of the unrelated TPP patients in our collection. Some of these mutations clearly alter a variety of Kir2.6 properties, all altering muscle membrane excitability leading to paralysis. ISSN: 0092-8674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.024 Record 369 of 726 Author(s): Rahman, W (Rahman, W.); Chotivanich, K (Chotivanich, K.); Silamut, K (Silamut, K.); Tanomsing, N (Tanomsing, N.); Hossain, A (Hossain, A.); Faiz, MA (Faiz, M. A.); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, A. M.); Maude, RJ (Maude, R. J.) Title: Plasmodium malariae in Bangladesh Source: TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 104 (1): 78-80 JAN 2010 Abstract: We describe a 32-year-old Bangladeshi male presenting with severe malaria caused by a mono-infection with Plasmodium malariae. Rosetting of infected and uninfected erythrocytes, a putative virulence factor in falciparum malaria, was observed in the blood slide. Severe disease caused by P. malariae is extremely rare. The patient made a rapid recovery with intravenous quinine treatment. (c) 2009 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0035-9203 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.06.014 Record 370 of 726 Author(s): Puthanakit, T (Puthanakit, Thanyawee); Chokephaibulkit, K (Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya); Suntarattiwong, P (Suntarattiwong, Piyarat); Gorowara, M (Gorowara, Meena); Vanprapar, N (Vanprapar, Nirun); Leawsrisuk, P (Leawsrisuk, Pimsiri); Suwanlerk, T (Suwanlerk, Tulathip); Boonrak, P (Boonrak, Pitch); Ruxrungtham, K (Ruxrungtham, Kiat) Title: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING OF LOPINAVIR IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED CHILDREN RECEIVING ADULT TABLETS Source: PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL, 29 (1): 79-82 JAN 2010 Abstract: Because of the lack of a lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) pediatric formulation, 54 HIV-infected children were given generic LPV/r adult tablets. Of 54 children, 21 took cut pills to get the appropriate dose. The median (interquartile range) LPV trough serum concentration (C-trough) was 6.7 (5.0-9.9) mg/L. All the children had C-trough>1.0 mg/L and 96% had values >4.0 mg/L. LPV/r adult tablets can be used in children when it is necessary. ISSN: 0891-3668 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181b21040 Record 371 of 726 Author(s): Tangnararatchakit, K (Tangnararatchakit, Kanchana); Chuansumrit, A (Chuansumrit, Ampaiwan); Chaiyaratana, W (Chaiyaratana, Wathanee); Lertwongrath, S (Lertwongrath, Sarapee); Gajaseeni, N (Gajaseeni, Narumoll); Udomchaisakul, R (Udomchaisakul, Rungnapa); O-Prasertsawat, P (O-Prasertsawat, Pratak); Yoksan, S (Yoksan, Sutee) Title: Excessive Menstrual Bleeding in Adolescents With Dengue Infection Source: PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL, 29 (1): 92-93 JAN 2010 ISSN: 0891-3668 Record 372 of 726 Author(s): Tantirungrotechai, J (Tantirungrotechai, Jonggol); Chotmongkolsap, P (Chotmongkolsap, Pannapat); Pohmakotr, M (Pohmakotr, Manat) Title: Synthesis, characterization, and activity in transesterification of mesoporous Mg-Al mixed-metal oxides Source: MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, 128 (1-3): 41-47 MAR 2010 Abstract: In this work, a series of Mg-Al mixed-metal oxides with Mg/Al ratios of 0.125-8 were synthesized via a sol-gel method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template. All oxide samples were characterized by XRD, XRF, IR, DTA-TGA, TEM, and N-2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The phases of the Mg-Al mixed-metal oxides are the mixture of gamma-Al2O3 and periclase (MgO) or the mixture of hydrotalcite (Mg6Al2CO3(OH)(16)center dot 4H(2)O) and periclase depending on the Mg/Al ratio. The Mg-Al oxides have mesoporous structure with surface areas in the range of 120-270 m(2)/g. These oxides were also impregnated with KI to increase their base strength, and their activities for biodiesel production were tested via the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The KI impregnated Mg-Al mixed-metal oxide at Mg/Al ratio of 4:1 has base strength in the range of 9.8 <= pK(BH)(+) <= 15 and, of all the catalysts tested, it is the most efficient catalyst for transesterification of soybean on with methanol (>90% conversion after 8 h). (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1387-1811 DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.08.001 Record 373 of 726 Author(s): Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, Kovit); Noulsri, E (Noulsri, Egarit); Lerdwana, S (Lerdwana, Surada); Sukapirom, K (Sukapirom, Kasama); Onlamoon, N (Onlamoon, Nattawat); Tassaneetrithep, B (Tassaneetrithep, Boonrat) Title: The Use of Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Chicken Red Blood Cells as Counting Beads for Performing Affordable Single-Platform CD4(+) T-Lymphocyte Count in HIV-1-Infected Patients Source: JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES, 53 (1): 47-54 JAN 1 2010 Abstract: CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count is an important marker in management of HIV-1-infected patients. The standard single-platform (SP) flow cytometric (FCM) CD4(+) testing that uses the known reference microbeads is expensive; more affordable alternatives are therefore needed. We evaluated the use of glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken red blood cells (CRBCs) as counting beads as an alternative for enumerating CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts in 87 HIV-1-infected patients. Linear regression analyses revealed an excellent correlation of the SP FCM using CRBCs with the standard SP bead-based FCM method (percentages, r(2) > 0.99; absolute counts, r(2) > 0.98) over the entire range including the clinically relevant range. Mean percent bias for the CRBC method was +0.35% [limits of agreement (LOA): -1.86% to +2.57%]. For absolute CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, the mean biases was -47.76 cells per microliter (LOA: -191.34 to +98.81 cells/mu L) with much lower bias for CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts <200 cells per microliter (LOA: -31.92 to +22.95 cells/mu L). The use of CRBCs is comparable with the use of commercial microbeads. This has resulted in major cost savings to resource-limited countries where the health care system is under increasing pressure to operate cost effectively. This can greatly facilitate and ensure the success of the ongoing antiretroviral therapy program in these countries. ISSN: 1525-4135 Record 374 of 726 Author(s): Li, X (Li, Xiao); Breukers, C (Breukers, Christian); Ymeti, A (Ymeti, Aurel); Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, Kovit); Sukapirom, K (Sukapirom, Kasama); Terstappen, LWMM (Terstappen, Leon W. M. M.); Greve, J (Greve, Jan) Title: Clinical Evaluation of a Simple Image Cytometer for CD4 Enumeration on HIV-Infected Patients Source: CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY, 78B (1): 31-36 JAN 2010 Abstract: Background: Affordable, easy-to-use, and reliable CD4(+) T lymphocyte enumeration systems are needed in resource-constrained settings to monitor HIV. Methods: A simple image cytometer was used to count fluorescently labeled CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T lymphocytes from CD3 immunomagnetically selected cells on blood specimens of 460 HIV-1-infected patients in Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Results were compared with flow cytometry (FCM). Results: CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts by image cytometer were comparable (R >= 0.97) with those by the FACSCount and the FACScan with a bias of 7.3 and 9.1%, respectively. At very low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (<= 50/mu l) some over-count outliers were observed by the FACScan and image cytometer when compared with the FACSCount. For CD8 enumeration, the image cytometer showed a good correlation (R = 0.96) and a consistent undercount (similar to 17%) when compared with the FACSCount. Conclusions: Evaluation of the image cytometer for CD4 and CD8 enumeration demonstrated comparable results with FCM on a population of HIV-1-infected patients. The image cytometer is a good alternative method for point-of-care settings in resource-constrained countries. (C) 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society ISSN: 1552-4949 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20488 Record 375 of 726 Author(s): Ponkham, P (Ponkham, Pornpimol); Daduang, S (Daduang, Sakda); Kitimasak, W (Kitimasak, Wachira); Krittanai, C (Krittanai, Chartchai); Chokchaichamnankit, D (Chokchaichamnankit, Daranee); Srisomsap, C (Srisomsap, Chantragan); Svasti, J (Svasti, Jisnuson); Kawamura, S (Kawamura, Shunsuke); Araki, T (Araki, Tomohiro); Thammasirirak, S (Thammasirirak, Sompong) Title: Complete amino acid sequence of three reptile lysozymes Source: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY, 151 (1): 75-83 JAN 2010 Abstract: To study the structure and function of reptile lysozymes, we have reported their purification, and in this study we have established the amino acid sequence of three egg white lysozymes in soft-shelled turtle eggs (SSTL A and SSTL B from Trionyx sinensis, ASTL from Amyda cartilaginea) by using the rapid peptide mapping method. The established amino acid sequence of SSTL A, SSTL B, and ASTL showed substitutions of 43,42, and 44 residues respectively when compared with the HEWL (hen egg white lysozyme) sequence. In these reptile lysozymes, SSTL A had one substitution compared with SSTL B (Gly126Asp) and had an N-terminal extra Gly and 11 substitutions compared with ASTL SSTL B had an N-terminal extra Gly and 10 residues different from ASTL The sequence of SSTL B was identical to soft-shelled turtle lysozyme from STIL (Trionyx sinensis japonicus). The Ile residue at position 93 of ASTL is the first report in all C-type lysozymes. Furthermore, amino acid substitutions (Phe34His, Arg45Tyr, Thr47Arg, and Arg114Tyr) were also found at subsites E and F when compared with HEWL The time course using N-acetylglucosamine pentamer as a substrate exhibited a reduction of the rate constant of glycosidic cleavage and increase of binding free energy for subsites E and F, which proved the contribution for amino acids mentioned above for substrate binding at subsites E and F. Interestingly, the variable binding free energy values occurred on ASTI., may be contributed from substitutions at outside of subsites E and F. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1532-0456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.08.010 Record 376 of 726 Author(s): Watthanachaiyingcharoen, R (Watthanachaiyingcharoen, Rith); Komatsu, K (Komatsu, Katsuko); Zhu, S (Zhu, Shu); Vajragupta, O (Vajragupta, Opa); Leelamanit, W (Leelamanit, Wichet) Title: Authentication of Coscinium fenestratum among the Other Menispermaceae Plants Prescribed in Thai Folk Medicines Source: BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, 33 (1): 91-94 JAN 2010 Abstract: In Ayurveda and Thai traditional medicines, material from Coscinium fenestratum is commonly prescribed as active ingredients with diverse therapeutic purposes. However, C fenestratum is also a seriously endangered medicinal liana. Thus, its crude material is very rare and is being substituted with substances from Arcangelisia flava or Fibraurea tinctoria (Menispermaceae), which have high morphological similarity. In this current study, nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-PFLPs) technique were exploited to identify these three species. The nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences of C. fenestratum, A. flava, and E tinctoria consisted of 1809, 1805, and 1809 base pairs (bps), respectively, while their ITS gene regions were 694, 622, and 631 bps in length, respectively. The 18S rRNA gene of C fenestratum digested with SmaI restriction enzyme displayed the electrophoresis profile of 729 and 790 bps; for A. flava and E tinctoria, the digested products showed fragments of 1519 bps. Although the ITS gene regions of A. flava and E tinctoria had unrecognized sequences with SalI, the SalI-digested ITS of C. fenestratum exhibited fragments of approximately 599 bp. Thus, the 18S rRNA gene and ITS gene sequences with PCR-RFLPs were proven to be powerful molecular markers for identifying C. fenestratum and distinguishing it from the other two Menispermaceae plants. ISSN: 0918-6158 Record 377 of 726 Author(s): Wattanakrai, P (Wattanakrai, Penpun); Mornchan, R (Mornchan, Ratchathorn); Eimpunth, S (Eimpunth, Sasima) Title: Low-Fluence Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (1,064 nm) Laser for the Treatment of Facial Melasma in Asians Source: DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, 36 (1): 76-87 JAN 2010 Abstract: BACKGROUND Pigment lasers have been used in melasma with unsatisfactory results. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and safety of 1,064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS-Nd:YAG) laser treatment of melasma in Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS Split-face randomized study comparing combination QS-Nd:YAG laser and 2% hydroquinone with topical treatment in dermal or mixed-type melasma. Twenty-two patients were treated with 1,064-nm QS-Nd:YAG laser, 6-mm spot size, 3.0- to 3.8-J/cm2 fluence for five sessions at 1-week intervals. Pigmentation was objectively recorded using a colorimeter (lightness index score), and subjective assessments were evaluated using the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score. RESULTS After five laser treatments, statistically significant improvement of melasma from baseline was observed in colorimeter (p <.001) and mMASI score (p <.001) on the laser side. The laser side achieved an average 92.5% improvement in relative lightness index and 75.9% improvement in mMASI, compared with 19.7% and 24%, respectively, on the control side (p <.001). Mottled hypopigmentation developed in three patients. During follow-up, four of 22 patients developed rebound hyperpigmentation, and all patients had recurrence of melasma. CONCLUSION QS-Nd:YAG laser treatment for melasma in Asians produced only temporary improvement and had side effects. Common complications were hypopigmentation, melasma recurrence, and rebound hyperpigmentation. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. ISSN: 1076-0512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01383.x Record 378 of 726 Author(s): Batra, R (Batra, Rahul); Cooper, BS (Cooper, Ben S.); Whiteley, C (Whiteley, Craig); Patel, AK (Patel, Amita K.); Wyncoll, D (Wyncoll, Duncan); Edgeworth, JD (Edgeworth, Jonathan D.) Title: Efficacy and Limitation of a Chlorhexidine-Based Decolonization Strategy in Preventing Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an Intensive Care Unit Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (2): 210-217 JAN 15 2010 Abstract: Background. Surface-active antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine, are increasingly being used as part of intervention programs to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission, despite limited evidence and potential for resistance. We report on the effect of an antiseptic protocol on acquisition of both endemic MRSA and an outbreak strain of MRSA sequence type 239 (designated TW). Methods. Interrupted time-series data on MRSA acquisitions in two 15-bed intensive care units were analyzed using segmented regression models to estimate the effects of sequential introduction of an educational campaign, cohorting, and a chlorhexidine-based antiseptic protocol on transmission of TW and non-TW MRSA strains. Representative TW and non-TW MRSA strains were assessed for carriage of qacA/B genes and antiseptic susceptibility. Results. The antiseptic protocol was associated with a highly significant, immediate 70% reduction in acquisition of non-TW MRSA strains ( estimated model-averaged incidence rate ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.47) and an increase in acquisition of TW MRSA strains ( estimated model-averaged incidence rate ratio, 3.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-18.59). There was only weak evidence of an effect of other interventions on MRSA transmission. All TW MRSA strains ( 21 of 21 isolates) and <5% ( 1 of 21 isolates) of non-TW MRSA strains tested carried the chlorhexidine resistance loci qacA/B. In vitro chlorhexidine minimum bactericidal concentrations of TW strains were 3-fold higher than those of non-TW MRSA strains, and in vivo, only patients with non-TW MRSA demonstrated a reduction in the number of colonization sites in response to chlorhexidine treatment. Conclusion. A chlorhexidine-based surface antiseptic protocol can interrupt transmission of MRSA in the intensive care unit, but strains carrying qacA/B genes may be unaffected or potentially spread more rapidly. ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/648717 Record 379 of 726 Author(s): Maude, RJ (Maude, Richard J.); Hassan, MU (Hassan, Mahtab Uddin); Ghose, A (Ghose, Aniruddha); Douthwaite, ST (Douthwaite, Samuel T.); Faiz, MA (Faiz, M. Abul); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.) Title: Studies on Severe Malaria Are Still Possible and Essential Source: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 50 (2): 281-282 JAN 15 2010 ISSN: 1058-4838 DOI: 10.1086/649547 Record 380 of 726 Author(s): Yong, HH (Yong, Hua-Hie); Foong, K (Foong, Kin); Borland, R (Borland, Ron); Omar, M (Omar, Maizurah); Hamann, S (Hamann, Stephen); Sirirassamee, B (Sirirassamee, Buppha); Fong, GT (Fong, Geoffrey T.); Fotuhi, O (Fotuhi, Omid); Hyland, A (Hyland, Andrew) Title: Support for and Reported Compliance Among Smokers With Smoke-Free Policies in Air-Conditioned Hospitality Venues in Malaysia and Thailand: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey Source: ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 22 (1): 98-109 JAN 2010 Abstract: This study examined support for and reported compliance with smoke-free policy in air-conditioned restaurants and other similar places among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand. Baseline data (early 2005) from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey (ITC-SEA), conducted face-to-face in Malaysia and Thailand (n = 4005), were used. Among those attending venues, reported total smoking bans in indoor air-conditioned places such as restaurants, coffee shops, and karaoke lounges were 40% and 57% in Malaysia and Thailand, respectively. Support for a total ban in air-conditioned venues was high and similar for both countries (82% Malaysian and 90% Thai smokers who believed there was a total ban), but self-reported compliance with bans in such venues was significantly higher in Thailand than in Malaysia (95% vs 51%, P < .001). As expected, reporting a ban in air-conditioned venues was associated with a greater support for a ban in such venues in both countries. ISSN: 1010-5395 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509351303 Record 381 of 726 Author(s): Mwesigwa, J (Mwesigwa, Julia); Parikh, S (Parikh, Sunil); McGee, B (McGee, Bryan); German, P (German, Polina); Drysdale, T (Drysdale, Troy); Kalyango, JN (Kalyango, Joan N.); Clark, TD (Clark, Tamara D.); Dorsey, G (Dorsey, Grant); Lindegardh, N (Lindegardh, Niklas); Annerberg, A (Annerberg, Anna); Rosenthal, PJ (Rosenthal, Philip J.); Kamya, MR (Kamya, Moses R.); Aweeka, F (Aweeka, Francesca) Title: Pharmacokinetics of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Artesunate-Amodiaquine in Children in Kampala, Uganda Source: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 54 (1): 52-59 JAN 2010 Abstract: The World Health Organization recommends the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. The two most widely adopted ACT regimens are artemether (AR)lumefantrine (LR) (the combination is abbreviated AL) and amodiaquine (AQ)-artesunate (AS). Pharmacokinetic (PK) data informing the optimum dosing of these drug regimens is limited, especially in children. We evaluated PK parameters in Ugandan children aged 5 to 13 years with uncomplicated malaria treated with AL (n = 20) or AQ-AS (n = 21), with intensive venous sampling occurring at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 120 h following administration of the last dose of 3-day regimens of AL (twice daily) or AQ-AS ( once daily). AS achieved an estimated maximum concentration in plasma (C-max) of 51 ng/ml and an area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) of 113 ng . h/ml; and its active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), achieved a geometric mean C-max of 473 ng/ml and an AUC(0-infinity) of 1,404 ng . h/ml. AR-DHA exhibited a C-max of 34/119 ng/ml and an AUC(0-infinity) of 168/382 ng . h/ml, respectively. For LR, C-max and AUC(0-infinity) were 6,757 ng/ml and 210 mu g . h/ml, respectively. For AQ and its active metabolite, desethylamodiaquine (DEAQ), the C(max)s were 5.2 ng/ml and 235 ng/ml, respectively, and the AUC(0-infinity)s were 39.3 ng . h/ml and 148 mu g . h/ml, respectively. Comparison of the findings of the present study to previously published data for adults suggests that the level of exposure to LR is lower in children than in adults and that the level of AQ-DEAQ exposure is similar in children and adults. For the artemisinin derivatives, differences between children and adults were variable and drug specific. The PK results generated for children must be considered to optimize the dosing strategies for these widely utilized ACT regimens. ISSN: 0066-4804 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00679-09 Record 382 of 726 Author(s): Karema, C (Karema, Corine); Imwong, M (Imwong, Mallika); Fanello, CI (Fanello, Caterina I.); Stepniewska, K (Stepniewska, Kasia); Uwimana, A (Uwimana, Aline); Nakeesathit, S (Nakeesathit, Supatchara); Dondorp, A (Dondorp, Arjen); Day, NP (Day, Nicholas P.); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.) Title: Molecular Correlates of High-Level Antifolate Resistance in Rwandan Children with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Source: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 54 (1): 477-483 JAN 2010 Abstract: Antifolate drugs have an important role in the treatment of malaria. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase enzymes cause resistance to the antifol and sulfa drugs, respectively. Rwanda has the highest levels of antimalarial drug resistance in Africa. We correlated the efficacy of chlorproguanil-dapsone plus artesunate (CPG-DDS+A) and amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ+SP) in children with uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites with pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations, which are known to confer reduced drug susceptibility, in two areas of Rwanda. In the eastern province, where the cure rates were low, over 75% of isolates had three or more pfdhfr mutations and two or three pfdhps mutations and 11% had the pfdhfr 164-Leu polymorphism. In the western province, where the cure rates were significantly higher (P < 0.001), the prevalence of multiple resistance mutations was lower and the pfdhfr I164L polymorphism was not found. The risk of treatment failure following the administration of AQ+SP more than doubled for each additional pfdhfr resistance mutation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 5.55; P = 0.048) and each pfdhps mutation (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.54; P = 0.008). The risk of failure following CPG-DDS+A treatment was 2.2 times higher (95% CI = 1.34 to 3.7) for each additional pfdhfr mutation, whereas there was no association with mutations in the pfdhps gene (P = 0.13). The pfdhfr 164-Leu polymorphism is prevalent in eastern Rwanda. Antimalarial treatments with currently available antifol-sulfa combinations are no longer effective in Rwanda because of high-level resistance. ISSN: 0066-4804 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00498-09 Record 383 of 726 Author(s): Srisawasdi, P (Srisawasdi, Pornpen); Vanavanan, S (Vanavanan, Somlak); Charoenpanichkit, C (Charoenpanichkit, Charaslak); Kroll, MH (Kroll, Martin H.) Title: The Effect of Renal Dysfunction on BNP, NT-proBNP, and Their Ratio Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, 133 (1): 14-23 JAN 2010 Abstract: We examined the effect of renal dysfunction on B-natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal (NT)-proBNP, and their molar ratio at varying severities of cardiac function in 94 Thai patients with chest pain (52 men; 32 women), also measuring creatinine and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Renal function was classified into 5 stages by estimated glomerular filtration rate. The molar NT-proBNP/BNP ratio was calculated Cardiac status was classified by LVEF (normal, >50%; moderate, 35%-50%; severe, <35%). BNP, NT-proBNP, and their ratio corresponded to renal disease stage exponential (0.51, 1.05, and 0.54, respectively; correlation coefficients, >= 0.95). BNP and the ratio are affected less than NT-proBNP by renal dysfunction, starting in stage III; NT-proBNP expresses effects starting in stage II. NT-proBNP is more sensitive than BNP to renal disease stage. For log of geometric means vs stage of renal disease, the BNP slopes and correlation coefficients vary considerably (slopes, 0.036-0.531; r(2), 0.017-0.99). The NT-proBNP slopes and regression coefficients vary considerably (slopes, 0.18-0.71; r(2), 0.33-0.99). For the ratio, the slopes show low variation (0.148-0.33 7), r(2) greater than 0.96, women differing from men (P = .012). The effect of renal disease differs by gender. BNP and NT-proBNP increase by stage III for women but not for men. One must consider renal function, gender, and LVEF when using BNP or NT-proBNP as cardiac biomarkers. The ratio of the 2 peptides is the most consistent marker across LVEFs. ISSN: 0002-9173 DOI: 10.1309/AJCP60HTPGIGFCNK Record 384 of 726 Author(s): Ittiprasert, W (Ittiprasert, Wannaporn); Miller, A (Miller, Andre); Myers, J (Myers, Jocelyn); Nene, V (Nene, Vish); El-Sayed, NM (El-Sayed, Najib M.); Knight, M (Knight, Matty) Title: Identification of immediate response genes dominantly expressed in juvenile resistant and susceptible Biomphalaria glabrata snails upon exposure to Schistosoma mansoni Source: MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY, 169 (1): 27-39 JAN 2010 Abstract: Resistance or susceptibility of the snail host Biomphalaria glabrata to Schistosoma mansoni is determined by the genetics of both the snail and parasite. Although Mendelian genetics governs adult resistance to infection, juvenile resistance and susceptibility are complex traits. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to construct forward and reverse cDNA libraries to identify genes involved in the immediate response of juvenile resistant (BS-90), non-susceptible (LAC2) snails, and susceptible (NMRI) snails after early exposure to S. mansoni. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were generated from the repertoire of enriched transcripts. In resistant snails, several ESTs corresponded to transcripts involved in immune regulation/defense response. While no defense related transcripts were found among juvenile susceptible snail ESTs, we detected transcripts involved in negative regulation of biological process/morphogenesis/proliferation. Differential gene expression and temporal regulation of representative transcripts were compared among snails pre- and post-exposure to either normal or attenuated miracidia using quantitative real time RT-PCR. Results showed that several transcripts, such as fibrinolytic C terminal domain, cytidine deaminase, macrophage expressed gene 1, protein kinase C receptor, anti-microbial peptide; theromacin and Fas remained up-regulated regardless of whether or not snails were exposed to normal or attenuated miracidia. While ESTs related to C-type lectin and low-density lipoprotein receptor were induced only by exposure to normal miracidia. By comparing changes in gene expression between resistant and susceptible juvenile snails responding either to normal or attenuated parasites, we can conclude that the transcription of genes associated with the intra-dermal penetration process of the snail host by invading miracidia may need to be taken into account when assessing differential gene expression between resistant and susceptible strains of B. glabrata in relation to S. mansoni exposure. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0166-6851 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.09.009 Record 385 of 726 Author(s): Zhou, J (Zhou, J.); Li, PCK (Li, P. C. K.); Kumarasamy, N (Kumarasamy, N.); Boyd, M (Boyd, M.); Chen, YMA (Chen, Y. M. A.); Sirisanthana, T (Sirisanthana, T.); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, S.); Oka, S (Oka, S.); Tau, G (Tau, G.); Phanuphak, P (Phanuphak, P.); Saphonn, V (Saphonn, V.); Zhang, FJ (Zhang, F. J.); Omar, SFS (Omar, S. F. S.); Lee, CKC (Lee, C. K. C.); Ditangco, R (Ditangco, R.); Merati, TP (Merati, T. P.); Lim, PL (Lim, P. L.); Choi, JY (Choi, J. Y.); Law, MG (Law, M. G.); Pujari, S (Pujari, S.) Group Author(s): TREAT Asia HIV Observational Datab Title: Deferred modification of antiretroviral regimen following documented treatment failure in Asia: results from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) Source: HIV MEDICINE, 11 (1): 31-39 JAN 2010 Abstract: Objective The aim of the study was to examine the rates and predictors of treatment modification following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) failure in Asian patients with HIV enrolled in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD). Methods Treatment failure (immunological, virological and clinical) was defined by World Health Organization criteria. Countries were categorized as high or low income by World Bank criteria. Results Among 2446 patients who initiated cART, 447 were documented to have developed treatment failure over 5697 person-years (7.8 per 100 person-years). A total of 253 patients changed at least one drug after failure (51.6 per 100 person-years). There was no difference between patients from high- and low-income countries [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.02; P=0.891]. Advanced disease stage [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) category C vs. A; adjusted HR 1.38, P=0.040], a lower CD4 count (>= 51 cells/mu L vs. < 50 cells/mu L; adjusted HR 0.61, P=0.022) and a higher HIV viral load (>= 400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL vs. < 400 copies/mL; adjusted HR 2.69, P < 0.001) were associated with a higher rate of treatment modification after failure. Compared with patients from low-income countries, patients from high-income countries were more likely to change two or more drugs (67% vs. 49%; P=0.009) and to change to a protease-inhibitor-containing regimen (48% vs. 16%; P < 0.001). Conclusions In a cohort of Asian patients with HIV infection, nearly half remained on the failing regimen in the first year following documented treatment failure. This deferred modification is likely to have negative implications for accumulation of drug resistance and response to second-line treatment. There is a need to scale up the availability of second-line regimens and virological monitoring in this region. ISSN: 1464-2662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00738.x Record 386 of 726 Author(s): Govitrapong, P (Govitrapong, Piyarat); Boontem, P (Boontem, Parichart); Kooncumchoo, P (Kooncumchoo, Patcharee); Pinweha, S (Pinweha, Sirinthorn); Namyen, J (Namyen, Jatuporn); Sanvarinda, Y (Sanvarinda, Yupin); Vatanatunyakum, S (Vatanatunyakum, Smith) Title: Increased blood oxidative stress in amphetamine users Source: ADDICTION BIOLOGY, 15 (1): 100-102 JAN 2010 Abstract: Amphetamine derivatives have been shown to be a potential brain neurotoxin based on the production of free radicals that occurs after administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the blood of amphetamine users. The plasma lipid peroxidation was determined and reported as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and was significantly increased (+21%), whereas the activities of the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased (-32%, -14% and -31%, respectively) in amphetamine users. These results implicated the potential role of oxidative stress in amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. ISSN: 1355-6215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00176.x Record 387 of 726 Author(s): Chokkhanchitchai, S (Chokkhanchitchai, Surachai); Tangarunsanti, T (Tangarunsanti, Tanee); Jaovisidha, S (Jaovisidha, Suphaneewan); Nantiruj, K (Nantiruj, Kanokrat); Janwityanujit, S (Janwityanujit, Suchela) Title: The effect of religious practice on the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis Source: CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY, 29 (1): 39-44 JAN 2010 Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of religious practice on the prevalence, severity, and patterns of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a Thai elderly population with the same ethnicity and culture but different religions. A house-to-house survey was conducted in two subdistricts of Phranakhon Sri Ayutthaya province where inhabitants are a mixture of Buddhists and Muslims. One hundred fifty-three Buddhists and 150 Muslims aged a parts per thousand yen 50 years were evaluated demographically, physically, and radiographically. Those suffering knee pains were questioned about severity using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and examined for their range of knee motion. Radiographic knee OA (ROA) was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grade a parts per thousand yen2 while symptomatic knee OA (SOA) was defined as knee symptoms of at least 1 month in a knee with ROA. Muslims had on average a higher number of daily religious practices than their Buddhist neighbors (p < 0.001). The prevalence of knee pain and ROA was significantly higher in Buddhists than in Muslims (67.11 vs. 55.80, p = 0.02 for knee pain; 85.62 vs. 70.67, p = 0.02 for ROA). For SOA, Buddhists showed a trend towards higher prevalence than Muslims (47.71 vs. 37.32, p = 0.068). No significant difference was found when the range of motion and WOMAC scores were compared between the two groups. Muslims had a lower prevalence of OA than their Buddhists counterparts with the same ethnicity but different religious practice. The Muslim way of praying since childhood, forcing the knees into deep flexion, may stretch the soft tissue surrounding the knee and decrease stiffness and contact pressure of the articular cartilage. ISSN: 0770-3198 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-009-1295-8 Record 388 of 726 Author(s): Baker, RL (Baker, Robert L.); Tindell, S (Tindell, Shawn); Behan, DB (Behan, Deborah Buckley); Turpin, PG (Turpin, Patricia G.); Rosenberger, JM (Rosenberger, Jay M.); Punnakitikashem, P (Punnakitikashem, Prattana) Title: Phase I Creating an Electronic Prototype to Generate Equitable Hospital Nurse-to-Patient Assignments Source: CIN-COMPUTERS INFORMATICS NURSING, 28 (1): 57-62 JAN-FEB 2010 Abstract: This pilot program is a software-based prototype providing a nurse-to-patient assignment presented to two groups of RNs enrolled in a nursing research course in a North Texas university. The goal of the pilot program was to obtain input regarding the assessment, functionality, and practicality of a nurse-to-patient electronic prototype. Registered nurse students were given a presurvey, instructions, and details on the use of the prototype, followed by a post-survey. Prototype speed and lack of bias were reported as most favorable. Registered nurse students requested additions of multiple diagnoses, patient acuity, and experience level of the nurse to enhance the prototype. Seventy-three percent (n = 24) of the participants said that they would use the prototype, and 15% (n = 5) said that they would not. ISSN: 1538-2931 Record 389 of 726 Author(s): Farreres, J (Farreres, Javier); Gibert, K (Gibert, Karina); Rodriguez, H (Rodriguez, Horacio); Pluempitiwiriyawej, C (Pluempitiwiriyawej, Charnyote) Title: Inference of lexical ontologies. The LeOnI methodology Source: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 174 (1): 1-19 JAN 2010 Abstract: In this article we present a method for semi-automatically deriving lexico-conceptual ontologies in other languages, given a lexico-conceptual ontology for one language and bilingual mapping resources. Our method uses a logistic regression model to combine mappings proposed by a set of classifiers (up to 17 in our implementation). The method is formally described and evaluated by means of two implementations for semiautomatically building Spanish and Thai WordNets using Princeton's WordNet for English and conventional English-Spanish and English-Thai bilingual dictionaries. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0004-3702 DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2009.09.004 Record 390 of 726 Author(s): Suntornsuk, L (Suntornsuk, Leena); Ployngam, S (Ployngam, Suphutcharasa) Title: Simultaneous determination of R-(-)-, S-(+)-baclofen and impurity A by electrokinetic chromatography Source: JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, 51 (3): 541-548 FEB 5 2010 Abstract: A rapid method for the simultaneous analysis of R-(-)-, S-(+)-baclofen and impurity A, (4RS)-4-(4-chlorophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-one, by electrokinetic chromatography was established. The optimized condition was in 100 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 9.9) containing 18 mM alpha-cyclodextrin (CD) and 1% (v/v) ACN using a fused-silica capillary dynamically coated with polyethylene oxide (PEO), with an effective length of 56 cm and an inner diameter of 50 mu m, hydrodynamic injection at 50 mbar for 6 s, temperature of 45 degrees C, applied voltage of 27 kV and UV detection at 220 nm. Baseline separation of all analytes was achieved within 9 min (R-s > 2.7) with the migration order of impurity A, S-(+)- and R-(-)-baclolfen. The method showed good linearity (r(2) > 0.999 in a range of 5-50 mu g/mL for impurity A and 50-500 mu g/mL for baclofen enantiomers), precision (%RSDs < 3.37%) and recoveries (100.3% for R-(-)-baclofen, 101.6% for S-(+)-baclofen and 96.1% for impurity A). Detection and quantitation limits were 10 and 30 mu g/mL for both enantiomers, and 2 and 5 mu g/ml. for the impurity, respectively. The method was efficient for the determination of baclofen enantiomers and impurity A in pharmaceutical raw material and formulations due to its reliability, speed and simplicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0731-7085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.005 Record 391 of 726 Author(s): Kongkaew, C (Kongkaew, Chaveewan); Loykulnant, S (Loykulnant, Surapich); Chaikumpollert, O (Chaikumpollert, Oraphin); Suchiva, K (Suchiva, Krisda) Title: Creaming of Skim Natural Rubber Latex with Chitosan Derivatives Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 115 (2): 1022-1031 JAN 15 2010 Abstract: To recover residual rubber from skim natural rubber (SNR) latex, a novel method was developed on the basis of the use of water-soluble chitosan derivatives. An anionic chitosan derivative, NO-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh), and a cationic chitosan derivative, N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTACh), were prepared. It was found that the creaming process could be achieved with both chitosan derivatives. By the addition of 7.34-10.3-g/L CMCh, SNR latex was almost completely creamed, and no coagulation of SNR particles in the cream phase occurred. In the case of HTACh, the creaming process was achieved with a lower concentration (<3.70 g/L) than in the case of CMCh, but the size of SNR particles in the cream phase was larger. Solid-state C-13-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, and (potential measurement results provided evidence that the creaming of SNR latex with CMCh and HTACh was controlled by the depletion flocculation and adsorption mechanisms, respectively. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 1022-1031, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31072 Record 392 of 726 Author(s): Kamphunthong, W (Kamphunthong, Walailuck); Sirisinha, K (Sirisinha, Kalyanee) Title: Thermal Property Improvement of Ethylene-Octene Copolymer through the Combined Introduction of Filler and Silane Crosslink Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 115 (1): 424-430 JAN 5 2010 Abstract: In many applications, e.g., wire and cable insulation, hot water pipe, high-temperature properties of polymer are essential. This article presents the use of silane crosslinking together with the addition of particular filter in improving the thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC). The effects of filler surface characteristics on siloxane network structure developed and final properties of the crosslinked products are discussed. The results show an increase in the decomposition temperature of EOC more than 50 degrees C after modification. Only crosslinked composites are able to withstand the high-temperature environment of aging test which is beyond the melting temperature of the matrix polymer. The crosslinked composites filled with calcium carbonate show superior properties to those with silica, due to a higher crosslink density and tighter network structure formed. The silane coupling mechanism and the presence of bound polymer on silica surfaces cause difficulties for the crosslink formation in the silica filled systems. However, an advantageous influence of both silane coupling and crosslink reaction in the silica filled composites is seen on the enhanced tensile strength and modulus of the materials. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 424-430, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31017 Record 393 of 726 Author(s): Minami, A (Minami, Atsuka); Chaicumpa, W (Chaicumpa, Wanpen); Chongsa-Nguan, M (Chongsa-Nguan, Manas); Samosornsuk, S (Samosornsuk, Seksun); Monden, S (Monden, Shuko); Takeshi, K (Takeshi, Kouichi); Makino, S (Makino, Sou-ichi); Kawamoto, K (Kawamoto, Keiko) Title: Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in open markets and supermarkets in Thailand Source: FOOD CONTROL, 21 (3): 221-226 MAR 2010 Abstract: This study was conducted in Thailand (Bangkok and Pathum Thani provinces), from June 2006 to July 2007, in order to assess the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in foods. Retail raw meats and seafood, including chicken (n = 109), pork (n = 80), beef (n = 108), shrimp (n = 43) and oysters (n = 48), from open markets and supermarkets were analyzed. Salmonella was found in 22 of 61 (36%) open market samples (48% of chicken, none of pork and beef, and 53% of shrimp) and in 12 of 75 (16%) samples from supermarkets (57%, 12%, 24%, 0% respectively). However, a small number of L. monocytogenes were isolated, where 6 of 217 (3%) were samples from open markets (6% of chicken and 3% of pork) and 17 of 171 (10%) were from supermarkets (3% of beef, 4% of chicken, and 32% of pork). In both markets, L. monocytogenes was not detected from shrimps, neither from oysters. E. coli O157, Shigella and tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus were not isolated in this collection. Several Salmonella and L. monocytogenes isolates were multidrug-resistant. Both markets would need better assessment, since multidrug-resistant strains have been isolated and they may lead to therapeutic failure. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0956-7135 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.05.011 Record 394 of 726 Author(s): Kijsipongse, E (Kijsipongse, Ekasit); Ngamsuriyaroj, S (Ngamsuriyaroj, Sudsanguan) Title: Placing pipeline stages on a Grid: Single path and multipath pipeline execution Source: FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING-THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS, 26 (1): 50-62 JAN 2010 Abstract: In a Grid computing environment, several applications such as scientific data analysis and Visualization are naturally computation and communication intensive. These applications can be decomposed into a sequence of pipeline stages which can be placed on different Grid nodes for concurrent execution. Due to the aggregation of the computation and communication costs involved, finding the way to place such pipeline stages on a Grid in order to achieve the maximum application throughput becomes a challenging problem. This paper proposes a solution that considers both the pipeline placement and the data movement between stages. Specifically, we try to minimize the computation cost of the pipeline stages while preventing the communication overhead between successive stages from dominating the entire processing time. Our proposed solution consists of two novel methods. The first method is single path pipeline execution, which exploits only temporal parallelism, and the second method is multipath pipeline execution, which considers both temporal and spatial parallelism inherent in any pipeline applications. We evaluate Our work in a simulated environment and also conduct a set of experiments in a real Grid computing system. When compared with the results from several traditional placement methods, our proposed methods give the highest throughput. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2009.06.005 Record 395 of 726 Author(s): Perbangkhem, T (Perbangkhem, Thaneeya); Polprasert, C (Polprasert, Chongchin) Title: Biomass production of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) in constructed wetland treating low-strength domestic wastewater Source: BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 101 (2): 833-835 JAN 2010 Abstract: In this study, the pilot-scale constructed wetlands were fed with low-strength domestic wastewater to investigate the energy-capturing efficiency and plant productivity. Papyrus was a selected emergent macrophyte planted in the systems. The wastewater was intermittently fed to the systems, corresponding to the organic loading rates of 10, 16, 31. and 63 kg BOD/ha-d. With abundant Sunshine in the tropical-climate area, papyrus converted solar radiation to biomass of about 2200-3100 g dry weight/m(2) from the two-month period of the experiments. Furthermore, the energy contents Of papyrus are 16.2, 17.2, and 16.8 MJ/kg for culms, umbels, and total above-ground parts, respectively. From the plant productivity and the energy contents of papyrus obtained from this study, the energy capturing efficiencies can be estimated to be in the range of 4.4-6.0%, which are relatively high, compared with those of other plants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0960-8524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.062 Record 396 of 726 Author(s): Kusolsuk, T (Kusolsuk, Teera); Kamonrattanakun, S (Kamonrattanakun, Suthida); Wesanonthawech, A (Wesanonthawech, Apiluk); Dekumyoy, P (Dekumyoy, Paron); Thaenkham, U (Thaenkham, Urusa); Yoonuan, T (Yoonuan, Tipayarat); Nuamtanong, S (Nuamtanong, Supaporn); Sa-nguankiat, S (Sa-nguankiat, Surapol); Pubampen, S (Pubampen, Somchit); Maipanich, W (Maipanich, Wanna); Panitchakit, J (Panitchakit, Jittima); Marucci, G (Marucci, Gianluca); Pozio, E (Pozio, Edoardo); Waikagu, J (Waikagu, Jitra) Title: The second outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella papuae in Thailand Source: TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 104 (6): 433-437 JUN 2010 Abstract: A human trichinellosis outbreak caused by Trichinella papuae occurred in the Uthai Thani Province of Thailand in September 2007.A total of 34 villagers suffering at least one of the symptoms suggestive of trichinellosis, or those who were asymptomatic but had a history of ingesting raw wild pig meat, were enrolled in the study. Twenty-two villagers had ingested undercooked pork from a hunted wild pig (Sus scrofa). One patient with a severe clinical picture was hospitalised and more than 80 non-encapsulated larvae were detected in the muscle biopsy. The larvae were identified as T. papuae by molecular analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene and the expansion segment 5 (ES5) of the large subunit rRNA. Of the 34 suspected cases, 27 agreed to be subjected to haematological and serological tests. Immunoblot analysis using crude antigens from T. spiralis muscle larvae revealed anti-Trichinella IgG in 20 of the 26 serum samples (1 serum sample could not be analysed). All infected people were successfully treated with mebendazole; the one patient with severe symptomatology was treated successfully with prednisolone. (C) 2009 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0035-9203 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.12.005 Record 397 of 726 Author(s): Wongchoosuk, C (Wongchoosuk, Chatchawal); Wisitsoraat, A (Wisitsoraat, Anurat); Tuantranont, A (Tuantranont, Adisorn); Kerdcharoen, T (Kerdcharoen, Teerakiat) Title: Portable electronic nose based on carbon nanotube-SnO2 gas sensors and its application for detection of methanol contamination in whiskeys Source: SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, 147 (2): 392-399 JUN 3 2010 Abstract: In this paper, a portable electronic nose (E-nose) based on hybrid carbon nanotube-SnO2 gas sensors is described. The hybrid gas sensors were fabricated using electron beam (E-beam) evaporation by means of powder mixing. The instrument employs feature extraction techniques including integral and primary derivative, which lead to higher classification performance as compared to the classical features (Delta R and Delta R/R-0). It was shown that doping of carbon nanotube (CNT) improves the sensitivity of hybrid gas sensors, while quantity of CNT has a direct effect on the selectivity to volatile organic compounds, i.e., methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH). The real-world applications of this E-nose were also demonstrated. Based on the proposed methods, this instrument can monitor and classify 1 vol% of MeOH contamination in whiskeys. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0925-4005 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.072 Record 398 of 726 Author(s): Wasinpiyamongkol, L (Wasinpiyamongkol, Ladawan); Patramool, S (Patramool, Sirilaksana); Luplertlop, N (Luplertlop, Natthanej); Surasombatpattana, P (Surasombatpattana, Pornapat); Doucoure, S (Doucoure, Souleymane); Mouchet, F (Mouchet, Francois); Seveno, M (Seveno, Martial); Remoue, F (Remoue, Franck); Demettre, E (Demettre, Edith); Brizard, JP (Brizard, Jean-Paul); Jouin, P (Jouin, Patrick); Biron, DG (Biron, David G.); Thomas, F (Thomas, Frederic); Misse, D (Misse, Dorothee) Title: Blood-feeding and immunogenic Aedes aegypti saliva proteins Source: PROTEOMICS, 10 (10): 1906-1916 MAY 2010 Abstract: Mosquito-transmitted pathogens pass through the insect's midgut (MG) and salivary gland (SG). What occurs in these organs in response to a blood meal is poorly understood, but identifying the physiological differences between sugar-fed and blood-fed (BF) mosquitoes could shed light on factors important in pathogens transmission. We compared differential protein expression in the MGs and SGs of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes after a sugar- or blood-based diet. No difference was observed in the MG protein expression levels but certain SG proteins were highly expressed only in BF mosquitoes. In sugar-fed mosquitoes, housekeeping proteins were highly expressed (especially those related to energy metabolism) and actin was up-regulated. The immunofluorescence assay shows that there is no disruption of the SG cytoskeletal after the blood meal. We have generated for the first time the 2-DE profiles of immunogenic Ae. aegypti SG BF-related proteins. These new data could contribute to the understanding of the physiological processes that appear during the blood meal. ISSN: 1615-9853 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900626 Record 399 of 726 Author(s): Saglio, G (Saglio, Giuseppe); Kim, DW (Kim, Dong-Wook); Issaragrisil, S (Issaragrisil, Surapol); le Coutre, P (le Coutre, Philipp); Etienne, G (Etienne, Gabriel); Lobo, C (Lobo, Clarisse); Pasquini, R (Pasquini, Ricardo); Clark, RE (Clark, Richard E.); Hochhaus, A (Hochhaus, Andreas); Hughes, TP (Hughes, Timothy P.); Gallagher, N (Gallagher, Neil); Hoenekopp, A (Hoenekopp, Albert); Dong, M (Dong, Mei); Haque, A (Haque, Ariful); Larson, RA (Larson, Richard A.); Kantarjian, HM (Kantarjian, Hagop M.) Group Author(s): ENESTnd Investigators Title: Nilotinib versus Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 362 (24): 2251-2259 JUN 17 2010 Abstract: Background Nilotinib has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of BCR-ABL than imatinib. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nilotinib, as compared with imatinib, in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase. Methods In this phase 3, randomized, open-label, multicenter study, we assigned 846 patients with chronic-phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML in a 1: 1: 1 ratio to receive nilotinib (at a dose of either 300 mg or 400 mg twice daily) or imatinib (at a dose of 400 mg once daily). The primary end point was the rate of major molecular response at 12 months. Results At 12 months, the rates of major molecular response for nilotinib (44% for the 300-mg dose and 43% for the 400-mg dose) were nearly twice that for imatinib (22%) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rates of complete cytogenetic response by 12 months were significantly higher for nilotinib (80% for the 300-mg dose and 78% for the 400-mg dose) than for imatinib (65%) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Patients receiving either the 300-mg dose or the 400-mg dose of nilotinib twice daily had a significant improvement in the time to progression to the accelerated phase or blast crisis, as compared with those receiving imatinib (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004, respectively). No patient with progression to the accelerated phase or blast crisis had a major molecular response. Gastrointestinal and fluid-retention events were more frequent among patients receiving imatinib, whereas dermatologic events and headache were more frequent in those receiving nilotinib. Discontinuations due to aminotransferase and bilirubin elevations were low in all three study groups. Conclusions Nilotinib at a dose of either 300 mg or 400 mg twice daily was superior to imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00471497.) ISSN: 0028-4793 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0912614 Record 400 of 726 Author(s): Douglas, NM (Douglas, Nicholas M.); Anstey, NM (Anstey, Nicholas M.); Angus, BJ (Angus, Brian J.); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois); Price, RN (Price, Ric N.) Title: Artemisinin combination therapy for vivax malaria Source: LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 10 (6): 405-416 JUN 2010 Abstract: Early parasitological diagnosis and treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are key components of worldwide malaria elimination programmes. In general, use of ACTs has been limited to patients with falciparum malaria whereas blood-stage infections with Plasmodium vivax are mostly still treated with chloroquine. We review the evidence for the relative benefits and disadvantages of the existing separate treatment approach versus a unified ACT-based strategy for treating Plasmodium falciparum and P vivax infections in regions where both species are endemic (co-endemic). The separate treatment scenario is justifiable if P vivax remains sensitive to chloroquine and diagnostic tests reliably distinguish P vivax from P falciparum. However, with the high number of misdiagnoses in routine practice and the rise and spread of chloroquine-resistant P vivax, there might be a compelling rationale for a unified ACT-based strategy for vivax and falciparum malaria in all co-endemic regions. Analyses of the cost-effectiveness of ACTs for both Plasmodium species are needed to assess the role of these drugs in the control and elimination of vivax malaria. ISSN: 1473-3099 Record 401 of 726 Author(s): Pothikasikorn, J (Pothikasikorn, Jinrapa); Boonplueang, R (Boonplueang, Rapee); Suebsaeng, C (Suebsaeng, Chalermchai); Khaengraeng, R (Khaengraeng, Rungpetch); Chareonviriyaphap, T (Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap) Title: Feeding response of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae) using out-of-date human blood in a membrane feeding apparatus Source: JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY, 35 (1): 149-155 JUN 2010 Abstract: The colonization of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles dirus was performed using out-of-date human blood from a blood bank as a nutritional supply dispensed from a common artificial feeder. Preserved human blood was collected and used for feeding on days 5, 15, and 25 after date of expiration and dispensed from a common artificial feeder to rear the mosquitoes. Ae. aegypti had a feeding rate of 78.7, 62, and 18% at the respective intervals while An. dirus had a rate of 80, 56.8, and 7.3% on the same respective days. Direct feeding on live hamsters resulted in a rate of 96 and 90% for Ae. aegypti and An. dirus, respectively. Although egg production rates decreased from the day 5 feeding to the day 25 feeding, all of the developmental stages resulting from An. dirus fed at day 5 and 15 showed insignificant differences when compared with direct feeding on the blood of a hamster. Journal of Vector Ecology 35 (1): 149-155. 2010. ISSN: 1081-1710 Record 402 of 726 Author(s): Lertkiatmongkol, P (Lertkiatmongkol, Panida); Pethuan, S (Pethuan, Sirikun); Jirakanjanakit, N (Jirakanjanakit, Nuananong); Rongnoparut, P (Rongnoparut, Pornpimol) Title: Transcription analysis of differentially expressed genes in insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes after deltamethrin exposure Source: JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY, 35 (1): 197-203 JUN 2010 Abstract: Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are resistant to various insecticides, including pyrethroids, throughout Thailand. We previously reported that Ae. aegypti from Mae Wong district, Nakhon Sawan Province in north-central Thailand, were resistant to insecticides, including pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin), organophosphates and carbamates, and that high levels of detoxification enzymes were present. In the present study we used the method of suppression by subtractive hybridization to determine differential expression of genes in Mae Wong Ae. aegypti that survived the exposure to increasing doses (similar to 1.5 - 2 x 10(-5)M) of deltamethrin beyond the diagnostic dose compared to unexposed mosquitoes. Screening of 350 cDNA clones from the suppression subtractive library by cDNA array hybridization revealed that 58 clones were over-expressed in the mosquito that survived high dose deltamethrin. The over-expressed cDNA insert sequences corresponded to 11 functional genes, five hypothetical protein genes, and five sequences of unknown function that could be located on the supercontig of the Ae. aegypti genome. The functional genes are those coding for cuticular proteins, muscle proteins, proteins related to controlling the release of synaptic vesicles, and other genes such as heat shock protein and small subunit ribosomal RNA. Over-expression of tomosyn and myosin light chain kinase genes was verified using a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confirming their increased expression in response to deltamethrin exposure in insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti. Journal of Vector Ecology 35 (1): 197-203. 2010. ISSN: 1081-1710 Record 403 of 726 Author(s): Whangsuk, W (Whangsuk, Wirongrong); Dubbs, JM (Dubbs, James M.); Sallabhan, R (Sallabhan, Ratiboot); Somsongkul, K (Somsongkul, Kumpanart); Mongkolsuk, S (Mongkolsuk, Skorn); Loprasert, S (Loprasert, Suvit) Title: ChpR Is a Chlorpyrifos-Responsive Transcription Regulator in Sinorhizobium meliloti Source: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 18 (3): 141-147 2010 Abstract: The broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF)-inducible locus, chpAB, was identified on the endogenous plasmid pSymB in Sinorhizobium meliloti. The S. meliloti chpA promoter was highly induced by CPF and was induced at much lower levels by diazinon and ethion. Transcription of chpA was dependent on chpR, a CadC family transcriptional regulator located upstream of, and divergently transcribed from, chpAB. ChpR was able to mediate the CPF-inducible expression of the S. meliloti chpA promoter in Escherichia coli through direct interaction with the chpAB promoter. The chpR-chpA intergenic regions of several bacterial chpRAB operons were aligned and a putative ChpR-binding sequence was proposed. Both the ChpR transcription factor and chpA promoter constitute a good candidate system for genetic-based biosensor development. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel ISSN: 1464-1801 DOI: 10.1159/000308514 Record 404 of 726 Author(s): Sangsuriya, P (Sangsuriya, P.); Rojtinnakorn, J (Rojtinnakorn, J.); Senapin, S (Senapin, S.); Flegel, TW (Flegel, T. W.) Title: Identification and characterization of Alix/AIP1 interacting proteins from the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Source: JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, 33 (7): 571-581 JUL 2010 Abstract: Apoptosis is proposed to be a major cause of death in shrimp viral infections. From our previous study, an apoptosis-related gene, Pm-Alix, was identified from the black tiger shrimp. Its expression was high in defence-related tissues including haemocytes and the lymphoid organ. To clarify its possible role in shrimp, we used Pm-Alix as bait in a yeast two-hybrid analysis to search for Alix interacting proteins in shrimp. Two cDNA sequences discovered had homology to a predicted ubiquitin C of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and to a guanylyl cyclase of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. In vitro pull-down assays confirmed positive interaction between Pm-Alix and both proteins. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that Pm-Alix and the two binding partners were widely expressed in various tissues but more highly expressed in haemocytes. However, no significant positive or negative correlation was found in the expression of these genes as shrimp approached morbidity and death after challenge with white spot syndrome virus. Thus, the results suggested that Alix and its interacting partners did not play a direct role related to shrimp death. ISSN: 0140-7775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01156.x Record 405 of 726 Author(s): Weerachayaphorn, J (Weerachayaphorn, Jittima); Chuncharunee, A (Chuncharunee, Aporn); Jariyawat, S (Jariyawat, Surawat); Lewchalermwong, B (Lewchalermwong, Buarong); Amonpatumrat, S (Amonpatumrat, Sirirat); Suksamrarn, A (Suksamrarn, Apichart); Piyachaturawat, P (Piyachaturawat, Pawinee) Title: Protection of centrilobular necrosis by Curcuma comosa Roxb. in carbon tetrachloride-induced mice liver injury Source: JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 129 (2): 254-260 MAY 27 2010 Abstract: Aim of the study: To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of Curcuma comosa hexane extract on CCl4-induced liver injury in adult male mice. Materials and methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 and was evaluated after 24 h from the elevations of plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, and histological analysis of liver injuries. Hexane extract of Curcuma comosa was given at different time points from 1 to 72 h, prior to CCl4 administration and the protection from liver injury was assessed. Results: CCl4-induced damage to liver cells was resulted in elevations of plasma ALT and AST activities. Pretreatment with Curcuma comosa hexane extract 24 h at a dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW resulted in a dose-dependent prevention of the increases in plasma ALT and AST activities as well as time dependent. The protective effect of the extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW was seen at 12-24 h. Pretreatment of the extract completely prevented elevation of plasma ALT and AST activities, and centrilobular necrosis. The protective effect of Curcuma comosa was associated with restoration of hepatic glutathione content, and CYP2E1 catalytic activity, and its mRNA and protein levels as well as increase in activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Conclusion: Curcuma comosa has a potent protective property against CCl4-induced hepatic injuries via the activation of detoxifying mechanisms (GST) as well as reduction of the bioactive toxic metabolites. Therefore, Curcuma comosa may be beneficial for prevention of hepatotoxicity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0378-8741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.026 Record 406 of 726 Author(s): Shivakoti, BR (Shivakoti, Binaya Raj); Tanaka, S (Tanaka, Shuhei); Fujii, S (Fujii, Shigeo); Kunacheva, C (Kunacheva, Chinagarn); Boontanon, SK (Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati); Musirat, C (Musirat, Chanatip); Seneviratne, STMLD (Seneviratne, S. T. M. L. D.); Tanaka, H (Tanaka, Hiroaki) Title: Occurrences and behavior of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan and Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 12 (6): 1255-1264 2010 Abstract: This study examines occurrences of 11 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in several wastewater treatment plants in Japan and Thailand. Surveys are conducted in eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan and central WWTPs of five industrial estates (IEs) in Thailand. Samples are collected from all major treatment processes in order to understand the behavior of PFCs in WWTPs. PFCs are detected in all WWTPs in Japan and Thailand. Concentrations of PFCs even exceed several thousands ng/L in some WWTPs. PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA are mainly detected in WWTPs in Japan, while PFBuS, PFOA, and PFHxA are mainly detected inWWTP of IEs in Thailand. Even though some of the investigated WWTPs utilize biological treatment processes coupled with chlorination, ozonation, or activated carbon adsorption, they are found ineffective to remove PFCs. During the treatment process, PFCs are found to accumulate at exceptionally high concentration levels in the activated sludge of an aeration tank and returned activated sludge. Overall, the estimated total daily mass of discharged PFCs is 124.95 g/d (PFASs: 49.81 g/d; PFCAs: 75.14 g/d) from eight WWTPs in Japan and 55.04 g/d (PFASs: 12 g/d; PFCAs: 43.04 g/d) from five WWTPs in Thailand. Although the presented data are from a single observation in each WWTP, the results indicate that certain industries using PFCs in manufacturing processes could be the principle point source, while domestic activities could be releasing PFCs at detectable levels causing environmental concern. ISSN: 1464-0325 DOI: 10.1039/b927287a Record 407 of 726 Author(s): Senawongse, P (Senawongse, Pisol); Srihanon, A (Srihanon, Anyarat); Muangmingsuk, A (Muangmingsuk, Amara); Harnirattisai, C (Harnirattisai, Choltacha) Title: Effect of dentine smear layer on the performance of self-etching adhesive systems: A micro-tensile bond strength study Source: JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS, 94B (1): 212-221 JUL 2010 Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the smear layer on the micro-tensile bond strength when two self-etching adhesives were used with different techniques. Flat dentine surfaces were prepared using either medium grit diamond burs or tungsten carbide burs. Ten specimens from each prepared surfaces were subjected for smear layer evaluation under SEM. Forty specimens from each of the prepared surfaces were further divided into two groups, bonded with either Clearfil SE Bond (SE) or Clearfil S-3 Bond (S3) using one of four applications (as manufacturer's instructions, agitation, reapplication, and increased application time), restored with composites and subjected to a micro-tensile bond strength test. Smear layers created with diamond burs were thicker than those created with tungsten carbide burs. Surfaces prepared with tungsten carbide burs produced a higher bond strength than those prepared with diamond burs and the same type of adhesive resin. SE demonstrated a higher bond strength than S3 for all surfaces. S3 applied with the agitation technique demonstrated a higher bond strength to dentine prepared with tungsten carbide and diamond burs than that applied with other techniques. SE applied with increased time on dentine treated with carbide burs produced the highest bond strength. In conclusion, a thick smear layer decreased bond strength to dentine, and this might be improved by modification of application technique. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 94B: 212-221, 2010. ISSN: 1552-4973 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31643 Record 408 of 726 Author(s): Saetung, A (Saetung, Anuwat); Rungvichaniwat, A (Rungvichaniwat, Adisai); Campistron, I (Campistron, Irene); Klinpituksa, P (Klinpituksa, Pairote); Laguerre, A (Laguerre, Albert); Phinyocheep, P (Phinyocheep, Pranee); Pilard, JF (Pilard, Jean-Francois) Title: Controlled Degradation of Natural Rubber and Modification of the Obtained Telechelic Oligoisoprenes: Preliminary Study of Their Potentiality as Polyurethane Foam Precursors Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 117 (3): 1279-1289 AUG 5 2010 Abstract: Telechelic oligoisoprenes were successfully prepared by the selective controlled degradation of natural rubber, a renewable source, via epoxidation and cleavage reactions. The molar mass of the oligoisoprene product obtained depends on the degree of epoxidation of the starting materials. The chemically modified structures obtained via epoxidation, hydrogenation, and ring opening of epoxide groups were also studied, and the chemical structures and thermal properties of the oligoisoprene products were determined. Moreover, the preliminary study of preparation of hydroxytelechelic natural rubber (HTNR)-based polyurethane foam was performed. A novel HTNR-based polyurethane foam was successfully prepared and its thermal properties were investigated and the results indicated that the HTNR-based polyurethane foam has a good low temperature flexibility. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 1279-1289, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31907 Record 409 of 726 Author(s): Tanpantree, S (Tanpantree, Saovaree); Opaprakasit, P (Opaprakasit, Pakorn); Loykulnant, S (Loykulnant, Surapich); Kangwansupamonkon, W (Kangwansupamonkon, Wiyong); Tangboriboonrat, P (Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan) Title: Nanocapsules Embedded in Natural Rubber Latex Gloves Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 117 (3): 1798-1803 AUG 5 2010 Abstract: To prepare medical gloves containing disinfectant agent, poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) with (M) over bar (w), of 550 K was synthesized via the iniferter technique and then used for encapsulating disinfectant agent, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD), droplets. The CHD-PMA nanocapsules suspended in a sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution having 93% encapsulation efficiency were successfully embedded between the outermost and inner layers of gamma-radiation vulcanized natural rubber (RVNR) latex films by the coagulant dipping process. A RVNR/CHD-PMA nanocapsules/RVNR three-layer structure was revealed by the contact angle measurement, ATR-FTIR and SEM. Both the tensile strength and elongation at break of the three-layer film were also measured. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 1798-1803, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.32132 Record 410 of 726 Author(s): Nuntnarumit, P (Nuntnarumit, P.); Rojnueangnit, K (Rojnueangnit, K.); Tangnoo, A (Tangnoo, A.) Title: Oxygen saturation trends in preterm infants during the first 15 min after birth Source: JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY, 30 (6): 399-402 JUN 2010 Abstract: Objective: To determine oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) trends in healthy preterm newborns during the first 15 min after birth and to ascertain factors affecting SpO(2) changes during that period. Study Design: An observational study was conducted. Preterm newborns with gestational age (GA) less than 35 weeks, who did not require oxygen supplementation during the first 15 min of life, were enrolled. Pulse oximetry was applied to the right hand immediately after birth. SpO(2) data were recorded continuously every 2s and were then transferred to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis. The time to reach a stable SpO(2) >= 85 or >= 90% was described by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test. Result: A total of 102 preterm newborns were eligible, of whom 27 were excluded, resulting in 75 newborns enrolled into the study with a median (range) GA of 35 (29 to 35) weeks, median (range) birth weight of 2390 (1270 to 2990) g and median (range) Apgar scores at 1 and 5min of 9 (5 to 10) and 10 (7 to 10), respectively. There was a gradual increase in SpO(2) with time. The median (interquartile range, IQR) SpO(2) at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min was 77% (72 to 92), 84% (75 to 94), 88% (80 to 94), 90% (79 to 95) and 95% ( 85 to 97), respectively. Newborns with a lower GA seemed to have lower SpO(2) values. The median (IQR) time to reach a stable SpO(2) >= 85 or >= 90% was 4 (3 to 6) and 5 (3 to 57) min, respectively. The mode of delivery was a significant factor affecting SpO(2); infants delivered by cesarean section had a significantly lower SpO(2) and took a longer time to reach SpO(2) >= 85% compared with those delivered by vaginal delivery (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.11 to 3.49; P = 0.02). All enrolled newborns had no serious complications and they survived to discharge. Conclusion: SpO(2) in preterm newborns gradually increased with time. Approximately half of the preterm newborns had an SpO(2) <90% during the first 5 min of life. Infants delivered by cesarean section had a lower SpO(2) than those delivered by vaginal delivery. Journal of Perinatology (2010) 30, 399-402; doi: 10.1038/jp.2009.178; published online 5 November 2009 ISSN: 0743-8346 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2009.178 Record 411 of 726 Author(s): Rattanachitthawat, S (Rattanachitthawat, Sirichet); Suwannalert, P (Suwannalert, Prasit); Riengrojpitak, S (Riengrojpitak, Suda); Chaiyasut, C (Chaiyasut, Chaiyavat); Pantuwatana, S (Pantuwatana, Somsak) Title: Phenolic content and antioxidant activities in red unpolished Thai rice prevents oxidative stress in rats Source: JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH, 4 (9): 796-801 MAY 4 2010 Abstract: Radicals cause cellular damage and eventually progress to chronic diseases. Phenolic compounds play a crucial role in radicals scavenging. In this study, we investigated total anti-oxidant activities, total phenolic content and profiles in color strains of unpolished Thai rice. The level of malondialdehyde was also assayed in rats that consumed unpolished Thai rice. Red color strain had the highest antioxidant activities in all tests. It was also showed the highest phenolic content. Interestingly, total phenolic content was strongly correlated with all anti-oxidant in the methods used: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (r = 0.958, p < 0.01), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (r = 0.966, p < 0.01) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (r = 0.992, p < 0.01). Malondialdehyde level in high and low dose treated groups were significantly lower than that in the control group of rats that consumed unpolished Thai rice. Red color of unpolished Thai rice, source of phenolic compounds, may play a crucial role in oxidative stress prevention. ISSN: 1996-0875 Record 412 of 726 Author(s): Kato, S (Kato, Shingo); Ohno, T (Ohno, Tatsuya); Thephamongkhol, K (Thephamongkhol, Kullathorn); Chansilpa, Y (Chansilpa, Yaowalak); Yang, YX (Yang Yuxing); Devi, CRB (Devi, C. R. Beena); Bustam, AZ (Bustam, Anita Z.); Calaguas, MJC (Calaguas, Miriam J. C.); de los Reyes, RH (de los Reyes, Rey H.); Cho, CK (Cho, Chul-Koo); To, AD (To Anh Dung); Supriana, N (Supriana, Nana); Mizuno, H (Mizuno, Hideyuki); Nakano, T (Nakano, Takashi); Tsujii, H (Tsujii, Hirohiko) Title: MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL PHASE II CLINICAL STUDY OF CONCURRENT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CANCER IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS, 77 (3): 751-757 JUL 1 2010 Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy using weekly cisplatin for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer in East and Southeast Asia, a multi-institutional Phase II clinical study was conducted among eight Asian countries. Methods and Materials: Between April 2003 and March 2006, 120 patients (60 with bulky Stage IIB and 60 with Stage IIIB) with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were enrolled in the present study. Radiotherapy consisted of pelvic external beam radiotherapy (total (lose, 50 Gy) and either high-dose-rate or low-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy according to institutional practice. The planned Point A dose was 24-28 Gy in four fractions for high-dose-rate-intracavitary brachytherapy and 40-45 Gy in one to two fractions for low-dose-rate-intracavitary brachytherapy. Five cycles of weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)) were administered during the radiotherapy course. Results: All patients were eligible for the study. The median follow-up was 27.3 months. Of the 120 patients, 100 (83%) received four or five cycles of chemotherapy. Acute Grade 3 leukopenia was observed in 21% of the patients, and Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 6%. No patient failed to complete the radiotherapy course because of toxicity. The 2-year local control and overall survival rate for all patients was 87.1% and 79.6%, respectively. The 2-year major late rectal and bladder complication rate was 2.5% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: The results have suggested that concurrent chemoradiotherapy using weekly cisplatin is feasible and effective for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer in East and Southeast Asia. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. ISSN: 0360-3016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.06.011 Record 413 of 726 Author(s): Vargas, REM (Vargas, Ronald Enrique Morales); Ya-umphan, P (Ya-umphan, Phubeth); Phumala-Morales, N (Phumala-Morales, Noppawan); Komalamisra, N (Komalamisra, Narumon); Dujardin, JP (Dujardin, Jean-Pierre) Title: Climate associated size and shape changes in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Thailand Source: INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, 10 (4): 580-585 MAY 2010 Abstract: In spite of the adult body size variability of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and its likely association with life history and vectorial capacity, the causes of size variation itself have been only partially identified. In particular, possible important factors such as climatic variation have not received much attention. The objective of this 2-year study was to describe from field collections the relationship of Ae. aegypti metric properties with available climatic data. The study took place in a dengue hyperendemic area of Thailand. Fourth instar larvae (L-4) and pupae were collected from the same breeding places allowing the comparisons between seven successive collections, four in 2007 and three in 2008. Climatic data were relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T). They were considered for the periods covering either the pre-imaginal development or, assuming heritability of size, the previous generation. The pre-imaginal period was further subdivided into embryonic and larval phases of development. Size was estimated by traditional and geometric techniques, the latter based on 18 landmarks collected at the intersections of veins also allowing estimation of shape. The shape variation of the wing followed similar patterns as for size and was shown to be a passive allometric change. No significant correlation of size or shape could be disclosed with T. In contrast, significant correlation with RH was found during two periods of examination: (i) the period affecting the generation previous to the time of collection, suggesting possible selective mechanisms on genitors, and (ii) the one occurring during pre-imaginal development. The subdivision of the latter into embryonic and larval phases allowed to evidence a possible selecting effect on embryonic development. The selection would act through the resistance to water loss which is known to depend on the relative surface of the cuticle. In conclusion, our data highlight the importance of the emerged period of Ae. aegypti eggs as a critical time for the size of future adults, and point to the relative humidity as the likely selecting factor. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1567-1348 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.01.004 Record 414 of 726 Author(s): Phasukkijwatana, N (Phasukkijwatana, Nopasak); Kunhapan, B (Kunhapan, Bussaraporn); Stankovich, J (Stankovich, Jim); Chuenkongkaew, WL (Chuenkongkaew, Wanicha L.); Thomson, R (Thomson, Russell); Thornton, T (Thornton, Timothy); Bahlo, M (Bahlo, Melanie); Mushiroda, T (Mushiroda, Taisei); Nakamura, Y (Nakamura, Yusuke); Mahasirimongkol, S (Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth); Tun, AW (Tun, Aung Win); Srisawat, C (Srisawat, Chatchawan); Limwongse, C (Limwongse, Chanin); Peerapittayamongkol, C (Peerapittayamongkol, Chayanon); Sura, T (Sura, Thanyachai); Suthammarak, W (Suthammarak, Wichit); Lertrit, P (Lertrit, Patcharee) Title: Genome-wide linkage scan and association study of PARL to the expression of LHON families in Thailand Source: HUMAN GENETICS, 128 (1): 39-49 JUL 2010 Abstract: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common mitochondrially inherited disease causing blindness, preferentially in young adult males. Most of the patients carry the G11778A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. However, the marked incomplete penetrance and the gender bias indicate some additional genetic and/or environmental factors to disease expression. Herein, we first conducted a genome-wide linkage scan with 400 microsatellite markers in 9 large Thai LHON G11778A pedigrees. Using an affecteds-only nonparametric linkage analysis, 4 regions on chromosomes 3, 12, 13 and 18 showed Zlr scores greater than 2 (P < 0.025), which is consistently significant across several linkage statistics. The most suggestive marker D3S1565 (Zlr > 2 in 10 of 16 allele sharing models tested) was then expanded to include the region 3q26.2-3q28 covering SLC7A14 (3q26.2), MFN1 (3q26.32), MRPL47 (3q26.33), MCCC1 (3q27.1), PARL (3q27.1) and OPA1 (3q28-q29). All of these candidate genes were selected from the Maestro database and had known to be localized in mitochondria. Sixty tag SNPs were genotyped in 86 cases, 211 of their relatives and 32 unrelated Thai controls, by multiplex-PCR-based Invader assay. Analyses using a powerful association testing tool that adjusts for relatedness (the M-QLS statistic) showed the most evidence of association between two SNPs, rs3749446 and rs1402000 (located in PARL presenilins-associated rhomboid-like) and LHON expression (both P = 8.8 x 10(-5)). The mitochondrial PARL protease has been recently known to play a role with a dynamin-related OPA1 protein in preventing apoptotic events by slowing down the release of cytochrome c out of mitochondrial cristae junctions. Moreover, PARL is required to activate the intramembranous proteolyses resulting in the degradation of an accumulated pro-apoptotic protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Under these circumstances, variants of PARL are suggested to influence cell death by apoptosis which has long been believed to intrigue the neurodegeneration of LHON. ISSN: 0340-6717 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0821-8 Record 415 of 726 Author(s): Ashley, E (Ashley, Elizabeth A.); Stepniewska, K (Stepniewska, Kasia); Lindegardh, N (Lindegardh, Niklas); Annerberg, A (Annerberg, Anna); Tarning, J (Tarning, Joel); McGready, R (McGready, Rose); Phaiphun, L (Phaiphun, Lucy); Singhasivanon, P (Singhasivanon, Pratap); White, N (White, Nicholas J.); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois) Title: Comparison of plasma, venous and capillary blood levels of piperaquine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, 66 (7): 705-712 JUL 2010 Abstract: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination treatment. Field pharmacokinetic studies would be simplified and facilitated by being able to use small volume capillary assays rather than venous blood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between piperaquine concentrations measured in capillary blood, venous blood and venous plasma. Samples of plasma, whole blood obtained by venesection and capillary blood were taken simultaneously from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with DP between 0 and 9 weeks after treatment. Piperaquine concentrations in venous and capillary samples were measured using solid phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. A total of 161 sets of the three measures were obtained from 54 patients. Piperaquine concentrations in the venous blood samples were approximately twofold higher and those in the capillary blood samples were threefold higher than the corresponding venous plasma concentrations. Capillary blood piperaquine concentrations were approximately 1.7-fold higher than venous blood concentrations, and this difference also increased with time. Differences in whole blood and plasma levels of piperaquine suggest compartmentalisation of the drug within blood cells, as also occurs with the structurally related quinoline chloroquine. The relationship between piperaquine concentrations in the venous plasma, venous blood and capillary blood is variable and unpredictable at low concentrations. However, within the range of concentrations usually present in patients between 3 and 21 days after treatment with currently recommended doses, the relationship between capillary and venous whole blood is predictable; consequently, capillary blood sampling can be used in field assessments. ISSN: 0031-6970 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-010-0804-7 Record 416 of 726 Author(s): Chaichompoo, P (Chaichompoo, Porntip); Bostik, P (Bostik, Pavel); Stephenson, S (Stephenson, Susan); Udompunturuk, S (Udompunturuk, Suthiphol); Kobkitjaroen, J (Kobkitjaroen, Jaruda); Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, Kovit); Ansari, AA (Ansari, Aftab A.) Title: Multiple KIR gene polymorphisms are associated with plasma viral loads in SIV-infected rhesus macaques Source: CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY, 263 (2): 176-187 2010 Abstract: Innate immune mechanisms play a deterministic role in the rate of disease progression during acute infection in HIV infected humans and SIV infection of non-human primates The role NK cells play in mediating such an effect has thus gained Importance One of the major sets of molecules that regulate NK cell function are the killer cell immunoglobulin-like molecules (KIR's) Our laboratory has previously shown an association of KIR3DL alleles 13 and 14 with high plasma viral loads in a cohort of Sly-infected rhesus macaques To gain a more detailed understanding of the role of KIR polymorphisms, our laboratory herein conducted studies of three additional KIR loci and show that select KIR3DH alleles appear to be more strongly associated with high plasma viral loads than KIR3DL alleles 13 and 14 In addition, we herein document the existence of additional new alleles for the KIR1D, KIR2DL4, and the KIR3DH loci (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved ISSN: 0008-8749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.03.014 Record 417 of 726 Author(s): Buranajitpirom, D (Buranajitpirom, Decha); Asuvapongpatana, S (Asuvapongpatana, Somluk); Weerachatyanukul, W (Weerachatyanukul, Wattana); Wongprasert, K (Wongprasert, Kanokpan); Namwong, W (Namwong, Wisa); Poltana, P (Poltana, Pisit); Withyachumnarnkul, B (Withyachumnarnkul, Boonsirm) Title: Adaptation of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, to different salinities through an excretory function of the antennal gland Source: CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH, 340 (3): 481-489 JUN 2010 Abstract: Black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) are able to survive and can be reared under various salinities, possibly by the cellular adaptation of their excretory system, particularly the antennal gland, which is known to regulate body fluid in crustaceans. We have investigated the morphological and biochemical alterations of the antennal glands in shrimp reared in 7, 15, or 30 ppt seawater. Drastic changes occur in animals reared under 7 ppt conditions. Ultrastructural studies of the antennal gland in shrimps reared in 7 ppt seawater have revealed that podocytic cells in the coelomosacs ramify with more cytoplasmic processes forming the filtration slits, and that the tubular labyrinth cells possess more mitochondria in their basal striation and a wider tubular lumen than those found in the other groups. Many apical cytoplasmic blebs from labyrinth cells have also been seen in the lumen of the labyrinths under 7 ppt conditions, a feature that is not as prominent under the other conditions. The expression and activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase in the antennal gland are also correlated with the surrounding environment: the lower the salinity, the higher the expression and activity of the enzyme. Immunohistochemistry results have demonstrated the highest staining intensity in the labyrinth cells of shrimps reared under 7 ppt conditions. Our findings thus suggest that one of the adaptation mechanisms of this shrimp to the surrounding salinity is the regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase expression in the antennal gland, in conjunction with subcellular changes in its excretory cells. ISSN: 0302-766X DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-0971-y Record 418 of 726 Author(s): Laosombat, V (Laosombat, Vichai); Viprakasit, V (Viprakasit, Vip); Dissaneevate, S (Dissaneevate, Supapom); Leetanaporn, R (Leetanaporn, Roengsak); Chotsampancharoen, T (Chotsampancharoen, Thirachit); Wongchanchailert, M (Wongchanchailert, Malai); Kodchawan, S (Kodchawan, Sudarat); Thongnoppakun, W (Thongnoppakun, Warangkana); Duangchu, S (Duangchu, Sarapee) Title: Natural history of Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis during the first 3 years of life Source: BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES, 45 (1): 29-32 JUN 15 2010 Abstract: Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO), the most common red cell membrane disorder found in the Far-East and Pacific rim, appears to be innocuous in man since it has been identified mostly in non-anemic healthy individuals. To further substantiate our previous observation that this condition might be symptomatic particularly in the neonatal period, we studied 1567 newborns from Southern Thailand where SAO is prevalent. Thirty-one babies (1: 50 with allele frequency of 0.01) have been identified with SAO and confirmed molecularly to carry a single defective AE-1 (band 3) allele. These babies had significant anemia at birth due to hemolysis with 51.6% of them developing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Co-inheritance of common UGT1A1 variants in such cases was not associated with their degree of jaundice. Interestingly, hematology data of these SAO babies became "normalized" in the first 3 years of life without further evidence of on-going and/or even "compensated" hemolysis. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1079-9796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.03.010 Record 419 of 726 Author(s): Wongniam, S (Wongniam, Sirapope); Somana, J (Somana, Jamorn); Swangpol, S (Swangpol, Sasivimon); Seelanan, T (Seelanan, Tosak); Chareonsap, P (Chareonsap, Piyarat); Chadchawan, S (Chadchawan, Supachitra); Jenjittikul, T (Jenjittikul, Thaya) Title: Genetic diversity and species-specific PCR-based markers from AFLP analyses of Thai bananas Source: BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, 38 (3): 416-427 JUN 2010 Abstract: A large amount of banana genetic resource has been found in Thailand which is believed to be one of the centers of its origins. To assess genetic diversity and determine genetic relationships of edible bananas in Thailand, 110 accessions of banana species and cultivars collected from villages and natural locations were investigated. UPGMA clustering of numerical data from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) patterns showed two large groups which corresponded to genome designations of Musa acuminata (AA) and Musa balbisiana (BB), the known ancestors of most edible cultivars. The AFLP data suggested that among Thai bananas, AA and AAA cultivars were closely related to M. acuminata subsp. malaccensis, while some of 'B' genome contained ones closely related to wild M. balbisiana in Thailand and some may have been imported. Eight species-specific PCR-based primer pairs, generated from the AFLP results clearly identify 'A' and 'B' genomes within cultivars and hybrids. The analyses were useful to readily and easily infer progenitors of these cultivars and pronounce wide genetic diversity of the bananas in Thailand. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0305-1978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.03.015 Record 420 of 726 Author(s): Kamlangkla, K (Kamlangkla, K.); Paosawatyanyong, B (Paosawatyanyong, B.); Pavarajarn, V (Pavarajarn, V.); Hodak, JH (Hodak, Jose H.); Hodak, SK (Hodak, Satreerat K.) Title: Mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of cotton fabric after SF6 plasma treatment Source: APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 256 (20): 5888-5897 AUG 1 2010 Abstract: Surface treatments to tailor fabric properties are in high demand by the modern garment industry. We studied the effect of radio-frequency inductively coupled SF6 plasma on the surface characteristics of cotton fabric. The duration of the treatment and the SF6 pressure were varied systematically. We measured the hydrophobicity of treated cotton as a function of storage time and washing cycles. We used the weight loss (%) along with the etching rate, the tensile strength, the morphology changes and the hydrophobicity of the fabric as observables after treatments with different plasma conditions. The weight loss remains below 1% but it significantly increases when the treatment time is longer than 5 min. Substantial changes in the surface morphology of the fiber are concomitant with the increased etching rate and increased weight loss with measurable consequences in their mechanical characteristics. The measured water absorption time reaches the maximum of 210 min when the SF6 pressure is higher than 0.3 Torr. The water contact angle (149 degrees) and the absorption time (210 min) of cotton treated with extreme conditions appear to be durable as long as the fabric is not washed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the water absorption time of the fabric follows the same increasing trend as the fluorine/carbon ratio at the fabric surface and atom density of fluorine measured by Ar actinometer. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0169-4332 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.070 Record 421 of 726 Author(s): Ngaosuwankul, N (Ngaosuwankul, Nathamon); Noisumdaeng, P (Noisumdaeng, Pirom); Komolsiri, P (Komolsiri, Pisut); Pooruk, P (Pooruk, Phisanu); Chokephaibulkit, K (Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya); Chotpitayasunondh, T (Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee); Sangsajja, C (Sangsajja, Chariya); Chuchottaworn, C (Chuchottaworn, Charoen); Farrar, J (Farrar, Jeremy); Puthavathana, P (Puthavathana, Pilaipan) Title: Influenza A viral loads in respiratory samples collected from patients infected with pandemic H1N1, seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses Source: VIROLOGY JOURNAL, 7: Art. No. 75 APR 20 2010 Abstract: Background: Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), nasal swab (NS), and throat swab (TS) are common specimens used for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections based on the detection of viral genomes, viral antigens and viral isolation. However, there is no documented data regarding the type of specimen that yields the best result of viral detection. In this study, quantitative real time RT-PCR specific for M gene was used to determine influenza A viral loads present in NS, NPA and TS samples collected from patients infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1, seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Various copy numbers of RNA transcripts derived from recombinant plasmids containing complete M gene insert of each virus strain were assayed by RT-PCR. A standard curve for viral RNA quantification was constructed by plotting each Ct value against the log quantity of each standard RNA copy number. Results: Copy numbers of M gene were obtained through the extrapolation of Ct values of the test samples against the corresponding standard curve. Among a total of 29 patients with severe influenza enrolled in this study ( 12 cases of the 2009 pandemic influenza, 5 cases of seasonal H1N1 and 12 cases of seasonal H3N2 virus), NPA was found to contain significantly highest amount of viral loads and followed in order by NS and TS specimen. Viral loads among patients infected with those viruses were comparable regarding type of specimen analyzed. Conclusion: Based on M gene copy numbers, we conclude that NPA is the best specimen for detection of influenza A viruses, and followed in order by NS and TS. ISSN: 1743-422X Article Number: 75 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-75 Record 422 of 726 Author(s): Decker, MR (Decker, Michele R.); McCauley, HL (McCauley, Heather L.); Phuengsamran, D (Phuengsamran, Dusita); Janyam, S (Janyam, Surang); Seage, GR (Seage, George R., III); Silverman, JG (Silverman, Jay G.) Title: Violence victimisation, sexual risk and sexually transmitted infection symptoms among female sex workers in Thailand Source: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, 86 (3): 236-240 JUN 2010 Abstract: Background/Objectives Commercial sex work is a primary context for heterosexual HIV/AIDS transmission. Violence victimisation is considered to compromise women's ability to protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI); little research has investigated violence as it relates to sexual risk and STI among female sex workers (FSW). This study sought to compare sexual risk and STI symptoms among FSW based on recent violence exposure. Methods Data from 815 FSW in Thailand were used to assess the prevalence of physical or sexual violence within the context of sex work, and associations of victimisation with sexual risk and STI symptoms. Results Approximately one in seven FSW (14.6%) had experienced violence in the week before the survey. Compared with their unexposed counterparts, FSW exposed to violence demonstrated a greater risk of condom failure (19.6% vs 12.3%, ARR 1.92, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.95) and client condom refusal (85.7% vs 69.0%, ARR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.35). In analyses adjusted for sexual risk, violence related to STI symptoms collectively (ARR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21) and genital lesions as an individual STI symptom (ARR 1.78, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.66). Conclusion Physical and sexual violence against FSW in Thailand appears to be common, with women experiencing such violence demonstrating diminished capacity for STI/HIV harm reduction and greater prevalence of STI symptoms. Efforts to reduce violence towards this vulnerable population must be prioritised, as a means of protecting the health and wellbeing of FSW, and as a key component of STI/HIV prevention and control. ISSN: 1368-4973 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2009.037846 Record 423 of 726 Author(s): Modchang, C (Modchang, Charin); Nadkarni, S (Nadkarni, Suhita); Bartol, TM (Bartol, Thomas M.); Triampo, W (Triampo, Wannapong); Sejnowski, TJ (Sejnowski, Terrence J.); Levine, H (Levine, Herbert); Rappel, WJ (Rappel, Wouter-Jan) Title: A comparison of deterministic and stochastic simulations of neuronal vesicle release models Source: PHYSICAL BIOLOGY, 7 (2): Art. No. 026008 JUN 2010 Abstract: We study the calcium-induced vesicle release into the synaptic cleft using a deterministic algorithm and MCell, a Monte Carlo algorithm that tracks individual molecules. We compare the average vesicle release probability obtained using both algorithms and investigate the effect of the three main sources of noise: diffusion, sensor kinetics and fluctuations from the voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). We find that the stochastic opening kinetics of the VDCCs are the main contributors to differences in the release probability. Our results show that the deterministic calculations lead to reliable results, with an error of less than 20%, when the sensor is located at least 50 nm from the VDCCs, corresponding to microdomain signaling. For smaller distances, i.e. nanodomain signaling, the error becomes larger and a stochastic algorithm is necessary. ISSN: 1478-3967 Article Number: 026008 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/7/2/026008 Record 424 of 726 Author(s): Soodchomshom, B (Soodchomshom, Bumned); Tang, IM (Tang, I-Ming); Hoonsawat, R (Hoonsawat, Rassmidara) Title: Theory of large tunneling magnetoresistance in a gapped graphene-based ferromagnetic superconductor F/(FS) junction Source: PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS, 470 (7-8): 415-420 APR 1 2010 Abstract: Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in a gapped graphene-based system (FS) is theoretically investigated. The center-of-mass momentum, P, of a Cooper pair in FS is found to be P similar to 2E(ex)/(h nu(F)root 1 - (m/E-FS)(2)), where m, E-ex, E-Fs are the rest mass energy of the Dirac electron, exchange energy and the Fermi energy in the superconductor FS, respectively. It is unlike the nature in a conventional FFLO state where P similar to 2E(ex)/h nu(F). This work studies the magneto effect on the transport property of a F/(FS) junction where F is a ferromagnetic gapless graphene. In this work, FS is achieved by depositing a conventional ferromagnetic s-wave superconductor on the top of gapped graphene sheet. The Zeeman splitting in FS induces spin-dependent Andreev resonance. The conductances effected by both spin-dependent specular Andreev reflections and spin-dependent Andreev resonances are investigated. The interplay between the spin-dependent specular Andreev reflection in the F region and the spin-dependent Andreev resonance in the FS region causes a very large tunneling magnetoresistance vertical bar TMR vertical bar similar to 3000% for m -> E-FS, possibly valuable in the graphene-based spintronic devices. This is because of the coexistence of the superconductivity and ferromagnetism in FS and the relativistic nature of electrons in graphene. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. ISSN: 0921-4534 DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2010.03.001 Record 425 of 726 Author(s): Pongsai, P (Pongsai, Pannee); Atamasirikul, K (Atamasirikul, Kalayanee); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, Somnuek) Title: The role of serum cryptococcal antigen screening for the early diagnosis of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients with different ranges of CD4 cell counts Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTION, 60 (6): 474-477 JUN 2010 Abstract: Objective: To determine the role of serum cryptococcal antigen (SCA) for the screening of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients with different ranges of CD4 cell counts. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients who had no symptom and had been screened with SCA in a tertiary-care hospital. Prevalence of positive SCA at different ranges of CD4 cell counts, risk factor of positive SCA, and incidence of cryptococcosis during one-year follow-up period after negative SCA were determined. Results: There were 131 patients with a mean age of 38.5 years; 61.8% were male. Median (range) CD4 was 62 (3590) cells/mm(3). The overall prevalence of positive SCA was 9.2%. This prevalence in patients with CD4 < 100, 100-199, and >= 200 cells/mm(3) were 12.9%, 3.6%, and 0%, respectively (P = 0.041). In multivariate analysis, CD4 < 100 cells/mm(3) was associated with positive SCA (OR = 6.69; 95% CI, 1.03-23.56). Four (33.3%) of 12 patients with positive SCA had cryptococcosis whereas one (0.8%) of 119 patients with negative SCA developed meningitis at one-year follow-up. Conclusions: SCA screening has a substantial role for the early detection of cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts. Routine screening with SCA should be performed in patients with CD4 < 100 cells/mm(3). (C) 2010 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0163-4453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.03.015 Record 426 of 726 Author(s): Saetung, A (Saetung, Anuwat); Rungvichaniwat, A (Rungvichaniwat, Adisai); Campistron, I (Campistron, Irene); Klinpituksa, P (Klinpituksa, Pairote); Laguerre, A (Laguerre, Albert); Phinyocheep, P (Phinyocheep, Pranee); Doutres, O (Doutres, Olivier); Pilard, JF (Pilard, Jean-Francois) Title: Preparation and Physico-Mechanical, Thermal and Acoustic Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Based on Hydroxytelechelic Natural Rubber Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 117 (2): 828-837 JUL 15 2010 Abstract: Novel flexible polyurethane foams were successfully prepared from a renewable source, hydroxytelechelic natural rubber (HTNR) having different molecular weights (1000-3400 g mol(-1)) and variation of epoxide contents (EHTNR, 0-35% epoxidation) by a one-shot technique. The chemical and cell structures as well as physico-mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties were characterized and compared with commercial polyol analogs. The obtained HTNR based foams are open cell structures with cell dimensions between 0.38 and 0.47 mm. The HTNR1000 based foam exhibits better mechanical properties but lower elongation at break than those of commercial polyol analog. However, the HTNR3400 based foam shows the best elastic properties. In a series of EHTNR based foams, the tensile and compressive strengths show a tendency to increase with increasing epoxide content and amount of 1,4-butanediol (BD). The HTNR based foams demonstrate better low temperature flexibility than that of the foam based on commercial polyol. Moreover, the HTNR based polyurethane foams was found to be an excellent absorber of acoustics. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 828-837, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.31601 Record 427 of 726 Author(s): Sansukcharearnpon, A (Sansukcharearnpon, Aurapan); Wanichwecharungruang, S (Wanichwecharungruang, Supason); Leepipatpaiboon, N (Leepipatpaiboon, Natchanun); Kerdcharoen, T (Kerdcharoen, Teerakiat); Arayachukeat, S (Arayachukeat, Sunatda) Title: High loading fragrance encapsulation based on a polymer-blend: Preparation and release behavior Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS, 391 (1-2): 267-273 MAY 31 2010 Abstract: The six fragrances, camphor, citronellal, eucalyptol, limonene, menthol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, which represent different chemical functionalities, were encapsulated with a polymer-blend of ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PV(OH)) using solvent displacement (ethanol displaced by water). The process gave >= 40% fragrance loading capacity with >= 80% encapsulation efficiency at the fragrance to polymer weight ratio of 1:1 and at initial polymer concentrations of 2000-16,000 ppm and the obtained fragrance-encapsulated spheres showed hydrodynamic diameters of less than 450 nm. The release profile of the encapsulated fragrances, evaluated by both thermal gravimetric and electronic nose techniques, indicated different release characteristics amongst the six encapsulated fragrances. Limonene showed the fastest release with essentially no retention by the nanoparticles, while eucalyptol and menthol showed the slowest release. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0378-5173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.02.020 Record 428 of 726 Author(s): Arphorn, S (Arphorn, Sara); Chaonasuan, P (Chaonasuan, Porntip); Pruktharathikul, V (Pruktharathikul, Vichai); Singhakajen, V (Singhakajen, Vajira); Chaikittiporn, C (Chaikittiporn, Chalermchai) Title: A Program for Thai Rubber Tappers to Improve the Cost of Occupational Health and Safety Source: INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, 48 (3): 275-282 Sp. Iss. SI MAY 2010 Abstract: The purposes of this research were to determine the cost of occupational health and safety and work-related health problems, accidents, injuries and illnesses in rubber tappers by implementing a program in which rubber tappers were provided training on self-care in order to reduce and prevent work-related accidents, injuries and illnesses. Data on costs for health-care, the prevention and the treatment of work-related accidents, injuries and illnesses were collected by interview using a questionnaire. The findings revealed that there was no relationship between what was spent on health-care and the prevention of work-related accidents, injuries and illnesses and that spent on the treatment of work-related accidents, injuries and illnesses. The proportion of the injured subjects after the program implementation was significantly less than that before the program implementation (p<0.001). The level of pain after the program implementation was significantly less than that before the program implementation (p<0.05). The treatment costs incurred after the program implementation were significantly less than those incurred before the program implementation (p<0.001). It was demonstrated that this program raised the health awareness of rubber tappers. It strongly empowered the leadership in health promotion for the community. ISSN: 0019-8366 Record 429 of 726 Author(s): Tomita, S (Tomita, Shigeru); Arphorn, S (Arphorn, Sara); Muto, T (Muto, Takashi); Koetkhlai, K (Koetkhlai, Kanatid); Naing, SS (Naing, Saw Sandy); Chaikittiporn, C (Chaikittiporn, Chalermchai) Title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain among Thai and Myanmar Migrant Seafood Processing Factory Workers in Samut Sakorn Province, Thailand Source: INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, 48 (3): 283-291 Sp. Iss. SI MAY 2010 Abstract: This study assessed the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and investigated risk factors for LBP among seafood processing factory workers in Thailand including migrant workers. The subjects were Thai and Myanmar workers in the typical seafood processing factory. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence of LBP, general characteristics, life style, and working condition were investigated. The associations between LBP and risk factors were estimated by multiple logistic regression models. Of 254 workers, 165 completed the questionnaire. Half of these workers were Thai, the others were from Myanmar. The point prevalence of LBP was 28.5%. Risk factors for LBP were age over 40 yr, poor health status, history of back injury, twisting posture at work, and slipping on wet floors. The results suggest that health promotion should focus on working conditions rather than individual life style in order to prevent LBP. Furthermore, greater attention to other risk factors such as history of back injury and perception of health status after regular health check up, especially in older age groups may be needed. ISSN: 0019-8366 Record 430 of 726 Author(s): Rangkadilok, N (Rangkadilok, Nuchanart); Pholphana, N (Pholphana, Nanthanit); Mahidol, C (Mahidol, Chulabhorn); Wongyai, W (Wongyai, Wasana); Saengsooksree, K (Saengsooksree, Kanya); Nookabkaew, S (Nookabkaew, Sumontha); Satayavivad, J (Satayavivad, Jutamaad) Title: Variation of sesamin, sesamolin and tocopherols in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds and oil products in Thailand Source: FOOD CHEMISTRY, 122 (3): 724-730 OCT 1 2010 Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) seed and oil contain abundant lignans, including sesamin, sesamolin and lignan glycosides. The aim of the present study was to determine sesamin, sesamol in and tocopherol contents in sesame seed and oil available in Thailand. The results showed that there was a large variation of sesamin and sesamolin contents in products. The distribution plot of sesamin and sesamolin contents in seeds showed that the mean values of sesamin and sesamolin were 1.55 mg/g (SD= 1.63; range n.d.-7.23 mg/g) and 0.62 mg/g (SD = 0.48; range n.d.-2.25 mg/g), respectively. The range of total tocopherols of these sesame lines was 50.9-211 mu g/g seed. In commercial sesame oils, the ranges of sesamin and sesamolin were 0.93-2.89 mg/g oil and 0.30-0.74 mg/g oil, respectively, and tocopherol contents were 304-647 mu g oil. The study reveals the extensive variability in sesamin, sesamolin and tocopherol contents among sesame products. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0308-8146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.044 Record 431 of 726 Author(s): Meemon, K (Meemon, Krai); Khawsuk, W (Khawsuk, Witoon); Sriburee, S (Sriburee, Sompong); Meepool, A (Meepool, Ardool); Sethadavit, M (Sethadavit, Manussabhorn); Sansri, V (Sansri, Veerawat); Wanichanon, C (Wanichanon, Chaitip); Sobhon, P (Sobhon, Prasert) Title: Fasciola gigantica: Histology of the digestive tract and the expression of cathepsin L Source: EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY, 125 (4): 371-379 AUG 2010 Abstract: The digestive tract of Fasciola gigantica is composed of the oral sucker, buccal tube, pharynx, esophagus, and caecum. The tegumental-type epithelium lines the first four parts of the digestive tract while the caecal-type epithelium lines the remaining parts from the caecal bifurcation. The caecal-epithelial cells are classified into 3 types according to their staining properties and ultrastructural characteristics, as related to the amount of food contents in the caecal lumen. All caecal-type epithelial cells synthesize and secrete cathepsin L, a major group of enzymes in the digestive tract, as detected by in situ hybridization and immunolocalization. Moreover, the secreted cathepsin L is also adsorbed on the outer surface of the tegument and the glycocalyx coating of the surface of the tegument, whereas the tegumental cells and tegumental syncytium covering the parasite's body and lining the proximal part of the digestive tract exhibit no M situ hybridization signal and immunostaining for cathepsin L. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-4894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.03.003 Record 432 of 726 Author(s): Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, Kovit); Sratongno, P (Sratongno, Panudda); Chimma, P (Chimma, Pattamawan); Chitjamnongchai, S (Chitjamnongchai, Supapart); Polsrila, K (Polsrila, Korakot); Chotivanich, K (Chotivanich, Kesinee) Title: Febrile Temperature but Not Proinflammatory Cytokines Promotes Phosphatidylserine Expression on Plasmodium falciparum Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells During Parasite Maturation Source: CYTOMETRY PART A, 77A (6): 515-523 JUN 2010 Abstract: Intraerythrocytic maturation of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is associated with profound changes in the asymmetry of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer of the parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs). These changes may contribute to adherence of pRBCs to endothelial cells. This study investigates the effect of febrile temperature and proinflammatory cytokines on phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the exofacial surface of pRBCs during parasite maturation. The expression of PS on the pRBCs was determined by flow cytometry using fluorescein-labeled annexin V, which specifically binds to PS and a vital nucleic acid fluorochrome for parasite staining. The results showed that PS expression on the surface of pRBCs increased in association with parasite maturation, especially at the late parasite stage. Furthermore, the growth of P. falciparum also accelerated senescence of the uninfected RBCs in parasite cultures. Exposure to febrile temperature led to significant increases in the expression of PS on the surface of pRBCs, particularly at the late parasite stage associated with the virulence strain of the parasite. In contrast, proinflammatory cytokines had no detectable effect on PS expression on pRBCs. These data suggest that PS molecule expression is more dependent on fever, parasitemia, parasite strain, and virulence than on cytokine exposure. These findings contribute to our understanding of the factors that are involved in malaria pathogenesis. (C) 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry ISSN: 1552-4922 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20879 Record 433 of 726 Author(s): Burana-osot, J (Burana-osot, Jankana); Soonthornchareonnon, N (Soonthornchareonnon, Noppamas); Chaidedgumjorn, A (Chaidedgumjorn, Amornrut); Hosoyama, S (Hosoyama, Saori); Toida, T (Toida, Toshihiko) Title: Determination of galacturonic acid from pomelo pectin in term of galactose by HPAEC with fluorescence detection Source: CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, 81 (2): 461-465 JUN 11 2010 Abstract: Galacturonic acid (GalA) in pomelo pectin was converted to galactose (Gal) by saponification and reduction reaction of carboxy group. The characterization of the product was investigated by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The reduced pectin was then hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with fluorescence detector. The content of GalA was calculated from an increased Gal after reaction. The GalA content obtained from this method was higher than that obtained from HPAEC-pulsed amperometric detection (PAD), which affords to analyze GalA directly after hydrolysis. The established method was validated and the results showed good linearity, high precision and high sensitivity. This method could be further applied for the analysis of GalA content in pomelo pectin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0144-8617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.001 Record 434 of 726 Author(s): Sangket, U (Sangket, Unitsa); Mahasirimongkol, S (Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth); Chantratita, W (Chantratita, Wasun); Tandayya, P (Tandayya, Pichaya); Aulchenko, YS (Aulchenko, Yurii S.) Title: ParallABEL: an R library for generalized parallelization of genome-wide association studies Source: BMC BIOINFORMATICS, 11: Art. No. 217 APR 29 2010 Abstract: Background: Genome-Wide Association (GWA) analysis is a powerful method for identifying loci associated with complex traits and drug response. Parts of GWA analyses, especially those involving thousands of individuals and consuming hours to months, will benefit from parallel computation. It is arduous acquiring the necessary programming skills to correctly partition and distribute data, control and monitor tasks on clustered computers, and merge output files. Results: Most components of GWA analysis can be divided into four groups based on the types of input data and statistical outputs. The first group contains statistics computed for a particular Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ( SNP), or trait, such as SNP characterization statistics or association test statistics. The input data of this group includes the SNPs/traits. The second group concerns statistics characterizing an individual in a study, for example, the summary statistics of genotype quality for each sample. The input data of this group includes individuals. The third group consists of pair-wise statistics derived from analyses between each pair of individuals in the study, for example genome-wide identity-by-state or genomic kinship analyses. The input data of this group includes pairs of SNPs/traits. The final group concerns pair-wise statistics derived for pairs of SNPs, such as the linkage disequilibrium characterisation. The input data of this group includes pairs of individuals. We developed the ParallABEL library, which utilizes the Rmpi library, to parallelize these four types of computations. ParallABEL library is not only aimed at GenABEL, but may also be employed to parallelize various GWA packages in R. The data set from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) includes 2,062 individuals with 545,080, SNPs' genotyping, was used to measure ParallABEL performance. Almost perfect speed-up was achieved for many types of analyses. For example, the computing time for the identity-by-state matrix was linearly reduced from approximately eight hours to one hour when ParallABEL employed eight processors. Conclusions: Executing genome-wide association analysis using the ParallABEL library on a computer cluster is an effective way to boost performance, and simplify the parallelization of GWA studies. ParallABEL is a user-friendly parallelization of GenABEL. ISSN: 1471-2105 Article Number: 217 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-217 Record 435 of 726 Author(s): Cherdshewasart, W (Cherdshewasart, Wichai); Sutjit, W (Sutjit, Wandee); Pulcharoen, K (Pulcharoen, Kade); Chulasiri, M (Chulasiri, Malyn) Title: Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Effects of the Traditional Herb Used for Treating Erectile Dysfunction, Butea superba Roxb. Source: BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 74 (5): 923-927 MAY 2010 Abstract: Butea superba is a traditional tuberous Thai plant enriched with flavonoids that is used for treating erectile dysfunction. We investigated the mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of a B. superba extract by using the pre-incubation method of the Ames test. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 were applied as the tester strains in the presence and absence of an S9 mixture. Prior to the mutagenic and antimutagenic tests, the survival of the tester strains was measured by treating with the B. superba extract. The results show that the B. superba extract exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. Data from the Ames test revealed that the B. superba extract to be non-mutagenic in the presence and absence of the S9 mixture. In contrast, the B. superba extract showed antimutagenic potential towards either or both of the tested mutagens: 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide (AF-2) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in the respective presence and absence of the S9 mixture, respectively. The plant antimutagenic activity was confirmed by a rec assay. A further study by micronucleus test demonstrated that the B. superba extract at the maximum loading volume could induce acute micronucleus formation in the tested animals. The in vitro mutagenic and antimutagenic assays confirmed the safe consumption of B. superba products at low dose (not more than 781.25 mu g/ml of the plant extract), but the in vivo genotoxic assay demonstrated the unsafe consumption at a high dose (300 mg/kg of the BW plant extract or 16 g/kg of the BW plant powder). ISSN: 0916-8451 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90727 Record 436 of 726 Author(s): Anurukvorakun, O (Anurukvorakun, Oraphan); Buchberger, W (Buchberger, Wolfgang); Himmelsbach, M (Himmelsbach, Markus); Klampel, CW (Klampel, Christian W.); Suntornsuk, L (Suntornsuk, Leena) Title: A sensitive non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometric method for multiresidue analyses of beta-agonists in pork Source: BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, 24 (6): 588-599 JUN 2010 Abstract: Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (NACE-MS) was developed for trace analyses of beta-agonists (i.e. clenbuterol, salbutamol and terbutaline) in pork. The NACE was in 18 mm ammonium acetate in methanol-acetonitrile-glacial acetic acid (66:33:1, v/v/v) using a voltage of 28 kV. The hyphenation of CE with a time-of-flight MS was performed by electrospray ionization interface employing 5 mm ammonium acetate in methanol-water (80:20, v/v) as the sheath liquid at a flow rate of 2 mu L/min. Method sensitivity was enhanced by a co-injection technique (combination of hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection) using a pressure of 50 mbar and a voltage of 10 kV for 12 s. The method was validated in comparison with HPLC-MS-MS. The NACE-MS procedure provided excellent detection limits of 0.3 ppb for all analytes. Method linearity was good (r(2)>0.999, in a range of 0.8-1000 ppb for all analytes). Precision showed %RSDs of <17.7%. Sample pre-treatment was carried out by solid-phase extraction using mixed mode reversed phase/cation exchange cartridges yielding recoveries between 69 and 80%. The NACE-MS could be successfully used for the analysis of beta-agonists in pork samples and results showed no statistical differences from the values reported by the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand using HPLC-MS-MS method. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISSN: 0269-3879 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1331 Record 437 of 726 Author(s): Sangsupawanich, P (Sangsupawanich, Pasuree); Mahakittikun, V (Mahakittikun, Vanna); Chongsuvivatwong, V (Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi); Mo-suwan, L (Mo-suwan, Ladda); Choprapawon, C (Choprapawon, Chanpen) Title: Effect of Helminthic Infections Together with Mite Allergen Exposure on the Risk of Wheeze in Preschool Children Source: ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 28 (1): 29-34 MAR 2010 Abstract: Although some studies have indicated that helminthic infections and house dust mite exposure may have an alleviating effect on wheeze, an interaction effect of both risk factors has not been examined in Thailand. The objective of this study was to investigate whether exposure to helminthic infections together with house dust mite allergen was associated with wheeze in children aged 18-36 months, living in an area of southern Thailand where helminthic infections are endemic. This study was undertaken as a part of The Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children which recruited 1,076 children born between December 2000 and November 2001. A home dust sample was collected once when the infants were 12-18 months old to measure house dust mite allergen (Der p1). Questionnaire data on wheeze and a stool specimen for soil-transmitted helminth analysis were collected at age 18-36 months. Prevalence of exposure to house dust mite allergen (Der p1) > 10 mu g/g dust was 31.8%. Soil-transmitted helminths were present in 25.0%, predominately Ascaris lumbricoides. Hookworm infection was associated with a physician's diagnosis of wheeze (OR 4.20, 95% Cl 1.45-12.10) and hospitalized wheeze (OR 5.40, 95% Cl 1.26-23.01). Hospitalized wheeze was significantly higher in subjects exposed to Der pi 2-10 mu g/g dust. Helminthic infections were not associated with a significant interaction effect with mite allergen against a risk of wheeze. Our survey confirms that hookworm infection and mite allergen exposure are independent risk factors for childhood wheeze and there is no evidence of important interaction between the two. ISSN: 0125-877X Record 438 of 726 Author(s): Charoenying, Y (Charoenying, Yingwan); Kamchaisatian, W (Kamchaisatian, Wasu); Atamasirikul, K (Atamasirikul, Kalayanee); Direkwattanachai, C (Direkwattanachai, Chalerat); Manuyakorn, W (Manuyakorn, Wiparat); Benjaponpitak, S (Benjaponpitak, Suwat) Title: Cytokine Responses during Exacerbation Compared with Stable Phase in Asthmatic Children Source: ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 28 (1): 35-40 MAR 2010 Abstract: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Balancing in Th1 and Th2 response is a target in the treatment. Recent studies show that interleukin-10 (IL-10) has an important role in the regulation of Th2 and allergic responses and its amount was found to decrease in asthmatic patients. This study was to focus on cytokine responses, including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4 and IL-10 in asthmatic children during acute exacerbation compared to stable period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from fourteen asthmatic children during exacerbation and stable phase were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and mite allergen (Der p) for 72 hours. Levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in cell culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median level of IL-10 in PBMCs stimulated with PHA was significantly lower in acute asthma exacerbation compared with stable phase (464 vs. 859.5 pg/ml, p = 0.03). However, there was no difference in the level of IL-10 in PBMCs stimulated with Der p. The level of IFN-gamma and IL-4 were not different between exacerbation and stable phase both in PHA and Der p-stimulated PBMCs. The decrease of IL-10 production in asthmatic children during acute exacerbation may emphasize the role of IL-10 in immune regulation in allergic disease. ISSN: 0125-877X Record 439 of 726 Author(s): Visitsunthorn, N (Visitsunthorn, Nualanong); Pacharn, P (Pacharn, Punchama); Jirapongsananuruk, O (Jirapongsananuruk, Orathai); Weeravejsukit, S (Weeravejsukit, Sirirat); Sripramong, C (Sripramong, Chaweewan); Sookrung, N (Sookrung, Nitat); Bunnag, C (Bunnag, Chaweewan) Title: Comparison between Siriraj Mite Allergen Vaccine and Standardized Commercial Mite Vaccine by Skin Prick Testing in Normal Thai Adults Source: ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 28 (1): 41-45 MAR 2010 Abstract: House dust mite is a major cause of allergic asthma and rhinitis in Thai population. Skin prick test (SPT) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of the IgE-mediated reactions. The imported commercial mite vaccine for SPT is available but it is relatively expensive. Aim of this study is to compare Siriraj Mite Allergen Vaccine (SMAV) with standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine by skin prick testing in normal Thai adults. A double blind, self-controlled study between the SMAV and standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine was performed by SPT in 17 normal Thai adult males and non-pregnant or non-lactating females aged 18-60 years. The study showed that 35.29 % of non atopic adults had positive SPT reaction to Dp and Df of both SMAV and standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine. Mean wheal and flare diameters from SPT of Dp and Df of SMAV showed strong correlation with standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine (r = 0.768 and 0.897 in Dp and Df respectively, p <0.001). The intraclass correlation was also excellent (0.893 and 0.775 in Dp and Df respectively). There was no significant difference in wheal and flare diameter between SMAV and standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine. No systemic or large local reaction was found in any of the study cases. ISSN: 0125-877X Record 440 of 726 Author(s): Piboonpocanun, S (Piboonpocanun, Surapon); Boonchoo, S (Boonchoo, Siribangon); Pariyaprasert, W (Pariyaprasert, Wipada); Visitsunthorn, N (Visitsunthorn, Nualanong); Jirapongsananuruk, O (Jirapongsananuruk, Orathai) Title: Determination of Storage Conditions for Shrimp Extracts: Analysis of Specific IgE-Allergen Profiles Source: ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 28 (1): 47-52 MAR 2010 Abstract: The consumption of shrimp is a common cause of food hypersensitivity reactions. Shrimp allergy is diagnosed using a skin prick test (SPT) as well as by food challenges. Due to the lack of a wide variety of commercial shrimp extracts for SPTs, we selected various shrimp species for the preparation of local shrimp extracts. However, optimal storage conditions for the shrimp extracts which also maintains allergenic potency has not yet been identified. The objective of the present study was to determine the potency of the shrimp extracts under different storage conditions and durations. Specific IgE-allergen profiles of eight shrimp-allergic patients were investigated by using sera incubated with extracts prepared from lyophilized raw or boiled shrimp, which were stored at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C for up to 4 weeks. When stored at -20 degrees C, most allergens were preserved after 4 weeks. However, storage at 4 degrees C results in few allergens remaining after 2 weeks. Boiled-shrimp extracts stored at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C contained higher amounts of IgE-allergen complexes than raw-shrimp extracts. Moreover, in both raw and boiled shrimp extracts, the IgE bound 36-40 kDa allergens constituted the major proteins since they were observed in all IgE allergen profiles. In conclusion, we recommend that shrimp extracts are stored at -20 degrees C for 4 weeks to prevent the loss of allergens. ISSN: 0125-877X Record 441 of 726 Author(s): Kerddonfak, S (Kerddonfak, Saowanee); Manuyakorn, W (Manuyakorn, Wiparat); Kamchaisatian, W (Kamchaisatian, Wasu); Sasisakulporn, C (Sasisakulporn, Cherapat); Teawsomboonkit, W (Teawsomboonkit, Wanlapa); Benjaponpitak, S (Benjaponpitak, Suwat) Title: The Stability and Sterility of Epinephrine Prefilled Syringe Source: ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 28 (1): 53-57 MAR 2010 Abstract: The commercially available auto-injector epinephrine is considerable expensive. Epinephrine prefilled syringe is an alternative treatment for anaphylaxis patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the stability and sterility of epinephrine prefilled syringe. Epinephrine prefilled syringe was kept in the pencil box to prevent from light exposure. The active ingredients, integrity and level of potency were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The sterility was accessed by aerobic bacteria and fungi culture. The epinephrine concentration at 1, 2 and 3 months after the preparation was 101.36, 99.31 and 101.09%, respectively (acceptable range 90 - 110%). The pH was 3.17 - 3.23 (acceptable range 2.8 - 3.6). Nor-epinephrine was undetected. The cultures for bacteria and fungus were both negative. Consequently, epinephrine prefilled syringe was stable and sterile at least three month after preparation. Epinephrine prefilled syrine is an alternative low cost treatment for anaphylaxis patient. ISSN: 0125-877X Record 442 of 726 Author(s): Indrawattana, N (Indrawattana, Nitaya); Sookrung, N (Sookrung, Nitat); Kulkeaw, K (Kulkeaw, Kasem); Seesuay, W (Seesuay, Watee); Kongngoen, T (Kongngoen, Thida); Chongsa-Nguan, M (Chongsa-nguan, Manas); Tungtrongchitr, A (Tungtrongchitr, Anchalee); Chaicumpa, W (Chaicumpa, Wanpen) Title: Human Monoclonal ScFv That Inhibits Cellular Entry and Metalloprotease Activity of Tetanus Neurotoxin Source: ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 28 (1): 85-93 MAR 2010 Abstract: Tetanus is a deadly disease of warm blooded animals and humans caused by an exotoxin called tetanospasmin or tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) produced by anaerobic bacterium named Clostridium tetani. TeNT is an A-B toxin; each molecule consists of a heavy chain (HC) containing cellular receptor binding domain and a light chain (LC) with zinc metalloprotease activity. TeNT produced in the infected tissue by the bacteria grown under anaerobic condition binds to ganglioside receptors of peripheral nerve, and endocytosed. The A subunit exits from the endosome and undergoes a retrograde transport via the nerve axon to the spinal cord. This highly toxic enzyme specifically cleaves one of the nerve cell SNARE proteins, i.e., synaptobrevin, resulting in inhibition of the release of neurotransmitters (glycine and GABA) from inhibitory interneuron causing spastic paralysis, the characteristic of tetanus. Current treatment mainstay of human tetanus is by passively administering anti-tetanus toxin produced from animals immunized with adjuvanted tetanus toxoid (TT). There are several obstacles in production and use of the animal derived therapeutic antibody especially the allergic reaction and serum sickness induced by the host immune response to the foreign protein. The animal antibody, mainly IgG, blocks nerve cell entry of the TeNT but does not neutralize the TeNT protease activity per se and cannot reverse the tetanus symptoms. In this study, fully human single chain antibody fragments (HuScFv) were produced from a human antibody phage display library. TT was used as antigen in a single round phage bio-panning to select phage clones that display IT bound-HuScFv from the library. HuScFv from 4 selected huscfv-phagemid transformed E. coli clones inhibited binding of the native TeNT to retinoic acid pulsed human neuroblastoma cells when used at the molecular TeNT:HuScFv ratio of 1:100. HuScFv from one of the 4 clones also inhibited the TeNT mediated cleavage of recombinant synaptobrevin. Further investigation is needed for identification of epitope specificity of these HuScFv and HuScFv effector mechanisms towards the TeNT. Cell penetrating version of the HuScFv that inhibited the TeNT zinc metalloprotease activity should be made. The HuScFv produced in this study either singly or in their suitable combination warrant developing further to a real use in humans as a surrogate of the animal antibody for treatment of tetanus. ISSN: 0125-877X Record 443 of 726 Author(s): Attasart, P (Attasart, Pongsopee); Kaewkhaw, R (Kaewkhaw, Rossukon); Chimwai, C (Chimwai, Chaweewan); Kongphom, U (Kongphom, Ukrit); Namramoon, O (Namramoon, Orathai); Panyim, S (Panyim, Sakol) Title: Inhibition of Penaeus monodon densovirus replication in shrimp by double-stranded RNA Source: ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY, 155 (6): 825-832 JUN 2010 Abstract: Stunted shrimp caused by Penaeus monodon densovirus (PmDNV) infection is one of the main problems leading to a significant economic loss in Thailand. To control this pandemic disease, a double-stranded-RNA-mediated virus-specific gene silencing approach was applied to inhibit viral replication. In this study, two dsRNAs corresponding to the non-structural protein (ns1) and the structural protein (vp) genes of PmDNV were synthesized and introduced into shrimp haemolymph prior to viral challenge. After allowing viral replication for two weeks, the suppression effect by each dsRNA was evaluated by semi-quantitative PCR and compared with the control. A reduction of PmDNV in shrimp treated with each dsRNA was observed. In contrast, a high level of viral infection was detected in the control group (NaCl). Based on a limited sample number, we reached the tentative conclusion that virus-specific dsRNA can inhibit PmDNV replication, in which the dsRNA-ns1was more effective than the dsRNA-vp. ISSN: 0304-8608 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0649-5 Record 444 of 726 Author(s): Monteerarat, Y (Monteerarat, Yuwarat); Suptawiwat, O (Suptawiwat, Ornpreya); Boonarkart, C (Boonarkart, Chompunuch); Uiprasertkul, M (Uiprasertkul, Mongkol); Auewarakul, P (Auewarakul, Prasert); Viprakasit, V (Viprakasit, Vip) Title: Inhibition of H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza virus by suppressing a specific sialyltransferase Source: ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY, 155 (6): 889-893 JUN 2010 Abstract: Avian influenza viruses preferentially use alpha 2,3-linked sialic acid as a receptor for binding and entry into target cells. The sialic acid is the terminal residue of various types of glycan. There are two major types of alpha 2,3-linked sialic acid differing in the penultimate bond: Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAc and Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. In the human airway, while Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAc is present only in alveolar epithelial cells, the Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc is expressed in both the upper and lower airway. Previous data showed preferential binding of hemagglutinin from H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza virus to Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. We further show here that suppression of this sialic acid by siRNA against a sialyltransferase, ST3GAL4, can inhibit H5N1 avian influenza virus infection and that this gene is abundantly expressed in human pharynx, trachea and bronchus. These data suggest that the ST3GAL4 gene is responsible for biosynthesis of the viral receptor and may play a crucial role in infection of H5N1 avian influenza virus in humans. ISSN: 0304-8608 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0658-4 Record 445 of 726 Author(s): Pagnarith, Y (Pagnarith, Yos); Kumar, V (Kumar, Varun); Thaipadungpanit, J (Thaipadungpanit, Janjira); Wuthiekanun, V (Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn); Amornchai, P (Amornchai, Premjit); Sin, LN (Sin, Lina); Day, NP (Day, Nicholas P.); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.) Title: Emergence of Pediatric Melioidosis in Siem Reap, Cambodia Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 82 (6): 1106-1112 JUN 2010 Abstract: We describe the first cases of pediatric melioidosis in Cambodia. Thirty-nine cases were diagnosed at the Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, between October 2005 and December 2008 after the introduction of microbiology capabilities. Median age was 7.8 years (range = 1.6-16.2 years), 15 cases were male (38%), and 4 cases had pre-existing conditions that may have pre-disposed the patient to melioidosis. Infection was localized in 27 cases (69%) and disseminated in 12 cases (31 To). Eleven cases (28%) were treated as outpatients, and 28 (72%) cases were admitted. Eight children (21%) died a median of 2 days after admission; seven deaths were attributable to melioidosis, all of which occurred in children receiving suboptimal antimicrobial therapy and before bacteriological culture results were available. Our findings indicate the need for heightened awareness of melioidosis in Cambodia, and they have led us to review microbiology procedures and antimicrobial prescribing of suspected and confirmed cases. ISSN: 0002-9637 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0030 Record 446 of 726 Author(s): Limmathurotsakul, D (Limmathurotsakul, Direk); Wongratanacheewin, S (Wongratanacheewin, Surasakdi); Teerawattanasook, N (Teerawattanasook, Nittaya); Wongsuvan, G (Wongsuvan, Gumphol); Chaisuksant, S (Chaisuksant, Seksan); Chetchotisakd, P (Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan); Chaowagul, W (Chaowagul, Wipada); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.) Title: Increasing Incidence of Human Melioidosis in Northeast Thailand Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 82 (6): 1113-1117 JUN 2010 Abstract: Melioidosis is a serious community-acquired infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. A prospective cohort study identified 2,243 patients admitted to Sappasithiprasong Hospital in northeast Thailand with culture-confirmed melioidosis between 1997 and 2006. These data were used to calculate an average incidence rate for the province of 1.2.7 cases of melioidosis per 100,000 people per year. Incidence increased incrementally from 8.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.2-10.0) in 2000 to 21.3 (95% CI = 19.2-23.6) in 2006 (P < 0.001; chi(2) test for trend). Male sex, age >= 45 years, and either known or undiagnosed diabetes were independent risk factors for melioiclosis. The average mortality rate from melioidosis over the study period was 42.6%. The minimum estimated population mortality rate from melioidosis in 2006 was 8.63 per 100,000 people (95% CI = 7.33-10.11), the third most common cause of death from infectious diseases in northeast Thailand after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis. ISSN: 0002-9637 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0038 Record 447 of 726 Author(s): Piyaphanee, W (Piyaphanee, Watcharapong); Shantavasinkul, P (Shantavasinkul, Prapimporn); Phumratanaprapin, W (Phumratanaprapin, Weerapong); Udomchaisakul, P (Udomchaisakul, Piyada); Wichianprasat, P (Wichianprasat, Pongdej); Benjavongkulchai, M (Benjavongkulchai, Maneerat); Ponam, T (Ponam, Thitiya); Tantawichian, T (Tantawichian, Terapong) Title: Rabies Exposure Risk among Foreign Backpackers in Southeast Asia Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 82 (6): 1168-1171 JUN 2010 Abstract: Rabies remains a problem in Southeast Asia where large numbers of backpackers visit each year. During May-June 2008, a survey study was conducted of foreign backpackers in Bangkok, Thailand to assess their risk of rabies exposure. Eight hundred seventy (870) questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The median age of the backpackers was 25.5 years. Most of them were European (68.4%), followed by North American (13.2%). Although 80.7% had sought health information before traveling, only 55.6% had received information about rabies. Only 18.1% had completed pre-exposure rabies vaccination (3 shots) before travel, whereas 70.9% had not been vaccinated for rabies at all. In this study, the incidence of being licked was 3.56%, and of being bitten 0.69%, on average stays of 30.06 days in Southeast Asia. More than a half (54%) of exposures occurred in the first 10 days after arrival in Southeast Asia. ISSN: 0002-9637 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0699 Record 448 of 726 Author(s): Limsuwan, A (Limsuwan, Alisa) Title: Correlation between the 6-min walk test and exercise stress test Source: ACTA PAEDIATRICA, 99 (7): 958-959 JUL 2010 ISSN: 0803-5253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01769.x Record 449 of 726 Author(s): Van Effelterre, T (Van Effelterre, Thierry); Moore, MR (Moore, Matthew R.); Fierens, F (Fierens, Frederik); Whitney, CG (Whitney, Cynthia G.); White, L (White, Lisa); Pelton, SI (Pelton, Stephen I.); Hausdorff, WP (Hausdorff, William P.) Title: A dynamic model of pneumococcal infection in the United States: Implications for prevention through vaccination Source: VACCINE, 28 (21): 3650-3660 MAY 7 2010 Abstract: Universal infant vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has nearly eliminated PCV7-serotype invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in young U.S. children, but has been accompanied by increases in the incidence of serotype 19A IPD. Because antibiotic-non-susceptible 19A has increased more than antibiotic-susceptible 19A, antibiotic selection pressure could be contributing to this trend. We developed a dynamic compartmental transmission model of pneumococcus to better understand the causes of this rise and to estimate the impact of vaccines or changes in antibiotic use on future IPD incidence in the U.S. in <2 year-olds. The model predicted that with current practices, serotype 19A IPD incidence will plateau at about the 2007 level over the next few years. The model suggests that antibiotic usage played a major role in the rise in antibiotic-non-susceptible 19A IPD, with a lesser contribution from PCV7 vaccination. However, hypothetical large decreases in antibiotic use starting in 2008 are predicted to yield only gradual decreases in antibiotic-non-susceptible 19A IPD. On the other hand, vaccines with modest (20%) effectiveness against 19A (or 6A or PCV7-serotypes) carriage are predicted to substantially (by 80%) decrease the incidence of IPD caused by those serotypes within 10 years of implementation. Our findings highlight that vaccine effects on colonization are key to their overall benefits. In addition, serotype changes following vaccine introduction may have multifactorial origins, with antibiotic use an important factor for resistant strains such as 19A. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0264-410X DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.030 Record 450 of 726 Author(s): Sirikulchayanonta, C (Sirikulchayanonta, Chutima); Iedsee, K (Iedsee, Kingkarn); Shuaytong, P (Shuaytong, Poonsook); Srisorrachatr, S (Srisorrachatr, Suwat) Title: Using food experience, multimedia and role models for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in Bangkok kindergarten children Source: NUTRITION & DIETETICS, 67 (2): 97-101 JUN 2010 Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the use of food experience, multimedia and role models for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in kindergarten children. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. A Bangkok public primary school was randomly selected and one of the kindergarten levels was purposively chosen. Program implementation consisted of 11 activities over an eight-week period from July to September, 2003. Data on demographic variables, and types and amounts of fruit and vegetables consumed and frequency of fruit and vegetables served were collected before and after the intervention. Program evaluation consisted of an analysis of the pre- and post-test data. Results: After the intervention, fruit and vegetable eating behaviour scores (median +/- interquartile range) revealed significant changes from 3 +/- 8 to 7 +/- 8 for vegetables and 6 +/- 8 to 9 +/- 8 for fruit (P-value < 0.001); the different types of consumed vegetables were increased from two to four (P-value < 0.001); and the fruit and vegetable intake was significantly increased from 53 g to 77 g and from 11 g to 23 g respectively (P-value < 0.005). Conclusions: Results of this pilot study were effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in the kindergarten, however, longer-term evaluation and assessment of the impact on the home environment are required. The inclusion of nutrition education and instruction on healthy eating habits in the course curriculum combined with social support from teachers and families may improve and sustain fruit and vegetable eating behaviours. ISSN: 1446-6368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2010.01426.x Record 451 of 726 Author(s): Pothitirat, W (Pothitirat, Werayut); Chomnawang, MT (Chomnawang, Mullika Traidej); Gritsanapan, W (Gritsanapan, Wandee) Title: Anti-Acne-Inducing Bacterial Activity of Mangosteen Fruit Rind Extracts Source: MEDICAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 19 (4): 281-286 2010 Abstract: Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the most effective solvent extract of mangosteen, anti-acne-inducing bacterial activity and the amount of alpha-mangostin, a major active component in each mangosteen fruit rind extract, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and Methods: The fruit rinds of mangosteen were extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol and water. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against bacteria that induce acne, including Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Thin-layer chromatographic autobiography against these bacteria was also performed for each extract, while the alpha-mangostin content was analyzed using a validated HPLC method. Results: The dichloromethane extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect with minimum inhibitory concentration values for both bacterial species at 3.91 mu g/ml, while the minimum bactericidal concentration values against P. acnes and S. epidermidis were 3.91 and 15.63 mu g/ml, respectively. Thin-layer chromatographic autobiography indicated that alpha-mangostin was present in all extracts, except the water extract, and is a major active component against both P. acnes and S. epidermidis. Using HPLC, the dichloromethane extract yielded the highest content (46.21% w/w) of alpha-mangostin followed by the ethanol extract (18.03% w/w), the hexane extract (17.21% w/w) and the water extract (0.54% w/w). Conclusions: Dichloromethane extract exhibited the strongest anti-acne-inducing bacterial effect and this extract yielded the highest amount of alpha-mangostin. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel ISSN: 1011-7571 DOI: 10.1159/000312714 Record 452 of 726 Author(s): Oyama, Y (Oyama, Yoko); Hashiguchi, T (Hashiguchi, Teruto); Taniguchi, N (Taniguchi, Noboru); Tancharoen, S (Tancharoen, Salunya); Uchimura, T (Uchimura, Tomonori); Biswas, KK (Biswas, Kamal K.); Kawahara, K (Kawahara, Ko-ichi); Nitanda, T (Nitanda, Takao); Umekita, Y (Umekita, Yoshihisa); Lotz, M (Lotz, Martin); Maruyama, I (Maruyama, Ikuro) Title: High-mobility group box-1 protein promotes granulomatous nephritis in adenine-induced nephropathy Source: LABORATORY INVESTIGATION, 90 (6): 853-866 JUN 2010 Abstract: Granulomatous nephritis can be triggered by diverse factors and results in kidney failure. However, despite accumulating data about granulomatous inflammation, pathogenetic mechanisms in nephritis remain unclear. The DNA-binding high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) initiates and propagates inflammation when released by activated macrophages, and functions as an 'alarm cytokine' signaling tissue damage. In this study, we showed elevated HMGB1 expression in renal granulomas in rats with crystal-induced granulomatous nephritis caused by feeding an adenine-rich diet. HMGB1 levels were also raised in urine and serum, as well as in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a mediator of granulomatous inflammation. Injection of HMGB1 worsened renal function and upregulated MCP-1 in rats with crystal-induced granulomatous nephritis. HMGB1 also induced MCP-1 secretion through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in rat renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Hmgb1(+/-) mice with crystal-induced nephritis displayed reduced MCP-1 expression in the kidneys and in urine and the number of macrophages in the kidneys was significantly decreased. We conclude that HMGB1 is a new mediator involved in crystal-induced nephritis that amplifies granulomatous inflammation in a cycle where MCP-1 attracts activated macrophages, resulting in excessive and sustained HMGB1 release. HMGB1 could be a novel target for inhibiting chronic granulomatous diseases. Laboratory Investigation (2010) 90, 853-866; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2010.64; published online 15 March 2010 ISSN: 0023-6837 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.64 Record 453 of 726 Author(s): Jintapattanakit, A (Jintapattanakit, Anchalee); Peungvicha, P (Peungvicha, Penchom); Sailasuta, A (Sailasuta, Achariya); Kissel, T (Kissel, Thomas); Junyaprasert, VB (Junyaprasert, Varaporn Buraphacheep) Title: Nasal absorption and local tissue reaction of insulin nanocomplexes of trimethyl chitosan derivatives in rats Source: JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 62 (5): 583-591 MAY 2010 Abstract: Objectives The objective of this work was to explore the potential and safety of trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and PEGylated TMC for improved absorption of insulin after nasal administration. Methods The nasal absorption of insulin nanocomplexes of TMC or PEGylated TMC was evaluated in anaesthetized rats. Concomitantly, the histopathological effects of these nanocomplexes on rat nasal mucosa were studied using a perfusion fixation technique. Key findings All insulin nanocomplexes containing TMC or PEGylated TMC showed a 34-47% reduction in the blood glucose concentration, when the insulin absorption through the rat nasal mucosa was measured indirectly. In addition, the relative pharmacodynamic bioavailability (F-dyn) of the formulations was found to be dependent upon the charge ratio of insulin and polymer, regardless of polymer structure. The F-dyn apparently decreased with increasing charge ratio of insulin : polymer. Although acute alterations in nasal morphology by the formulations were affected by the charge ratio of insulin and polymer, the formulation of insulin/PEGylated TMC nanocomplexes was shown to be less toxic to the nasal epithelial membrane than insulin/TMC nanocomplexes. Conclusions PEGylated TMC nanocomplexes were a suitable absorption enhancer for nasal delivery of insulin. ISSN: 0022-3573 DOI: 10.1211/jpp/62.05.0004 Record 454 of 726 Author(s): Parks, J (Parks, Joshua); Gyeltshen, T (Gyeltshen, Thinley); Prachyawarakorn, V (Prachyawarakorn, Vilailak); Mahidol, C (Mahidol, Chulabhorn); Ruchirawat, S (Ruchirawat, Somsak); Kittakoop, P (Kittakoop, Prasat) Title: Glutarimide Alkaloids and a Terpenoid Benzoquinone from Cordia globifera Source: JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 73 (5): 992-994 MAY 2010 Abstract: Three new compounds, a meroterpene (2) having a cyclopropane moiety named globiferane and glutarimide alkaloids named cordiarimides A (3) and B (4), were isolated from the roots of Cordia globifera. Compounds 2-4 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity. Cordiarimide B (4) exhibited radical scavenging activity, as it inhibited superoxide anion radical formation in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XXO) assay, and also suppressed superoxide anion generation in differentiated HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells when induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). This is the first report on the presence of glutarimide alkaloids in the genus Cordia. ISSN: 0163-3864 DOI: 10.1021/np100078s Record 455 of 726 Author(s): Saiyood, S (Saiyood, S.); Vangnai, AS (Vangnai, A. S.); Thiravetyan, P (Thiravetyan, P.); Inthorn, D (Inthorn, D.) Title: Bisphenol A removal by the Dracaena plant and the role of plant-associating bacteria Source: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 178 (1-3): 777-785 JUN 15 2010 Abstract: Dracaena sanderiana and Dracaena fragrans plants, as representatives of native, tropical, evergreen plants with fibrous root systems, were evaluated for bisphenol A (BPA) tolerance and uptake capability. D. sanderiana demonstrated significantly higher BPA removal capability than D. fragrans. Therefore, it was chosen for further study. D. sanderiana tolerated BPA toxicity levels up to 80 mu M, while higher BPA concentrations damaged the plant. In the sterile hydroponic system with an initial BPA concentration of 20 mu M, the plant could uptake approximately 50% of the BPA. The plant's ability to translocate BPA was confirmed by the detection of BPA that accumulated at the roots and stems, but not at the leaves of the plant. Upon BPA exposure, the D. sanderiana secreted extracellular plant mucilage as a protective barrier to the toxic compound. In the non-sterile treatment, the BPA dissipation was contributed not only by the D. sanderiana plant, but also by the co-existing microbes. The BPA reached 85% of the initial concentration at 20 mu M. Among the six plant-associating bacterial isolates, Bacillus cereus strain BPW4 and Enterobacter sp. strain BPW5 colonized the D. sanderiana root surface and facilitated BPA dissipation in the hydroponic treatment system. In addition, the success of the BPA treatment in the hazardous waste landfill leachate demonstrated the potential application of D. sanderiana plant in the phytoremediation of BPA contaminated wastewater or industrial leachate. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0304-3894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.008 Record 456 of 726 Author(s): Srisawasdi, P (Srisawasdi, P.); Chaichanajarernkul, U (Chaichanajarernkul, U.); Teerakanjana, N (Teerakanjana, N.); Vanavanan, S (Vanavanan, S.); Kroll, MH (Kroll, M. H.) Title: Exogenous Interferences with Jaffe Creatinine Assays: Addition of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate to Reagent Eliminates Bilirubin and Total Protein Interference with Jaffe Methods Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, 24 (3): 123-133 2010 Abstract: Background: The study evaluated the impact of interferences on the analytical specificity of three commercial and commonly used creatinine methods (two Jaffe and one enzymatic). Methods: Manufacturer creatinine methods plus modified methods were tested with the following interferences: spiking serum with bilirubin, albumin, glucose, hemoglobin and lipid, and patient sera with maximum concentrations of bilirubin, 1,090 mu mol/l and protein, 117.8 g/l. Results: Hemoglobin, 7.5 g/l and lipaemic with triglyceride concentration of 6.27 mmol/l, did not interfere with all assays. Glucose >33.3 mmol/l increased creatinine recovery for Dimension method. Samples spiked with bilirubin imparted a negative bias for Dimension and Architect methods but imparted a positive bias for Vitros assay. However, using patient sera, negative bias with bilirubin was found for all methods, from which Architect method gave the highest effect (R-2 = 0.861), followed by Vitros (R-2 = 0.239) and Dimension (R-2 = 0.163). Protein provided the positive bias for all creatinine measurements that increased with increasing concentration (R2 ranging from 0.104 to 0.182, P<0.0001). Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in alkaline-picrate reagent reduced the effect of bilirubin and protein for kinetic Jaffe method. Although adding potassium ferricyanide was well effective for eliminating negative interference of bilirubin, it was prone to interference from protein. Conclusions: Endogenous interferences continue to plague creatinine accuracy measurement in both Jaffe and enzymatic methods, and consequentially the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The addition of SDS to the alkaline-pirate reagent was shown to be effective in reducing bilirubin and protein interferences. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:123-133, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ISSN: 0887-8013 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20350 Record 457 of 726 Author(s): Suksrichavalit, T (Suksrichavalit, Thummaruk); Yoshimatsua, K (Yoshimatsua, Keiichi); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong); Bulow, L (Bulow, Leif); Ye, L (Ye, Lei) Title: "Clickable" affinity ligands for effective separation of glycoproteins Source: JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, 1217 (23): 3635-3641 JUN 4 2010 Abstract: In this paper, we present a new modular approach to immobilize boronic acid ligands that can offer effective separation of glycoproteins. A new "clickable" boronic acid ligand was synthesized by introducing a terminal acetylene group into commercially available 3-aminophenyl boronic acid. The clickable ligand, 3-(prop-2-ynyloxycarbonylamino)phenylboronic acid (2) could be easily coupled to azide-functionalized hydrophilic Sepharose using Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction under mild condition. Compared to other boronic acid affinity gels, the new affinity gel displayed superior effectiveness in separating model glycoproteins (ovalbumin and RNase B) from closely related bovine serum albumin and RNase A in the presence of crude Escherichia coli proteins. Because of the simplicity of the immobilization through "click chemistry", the new ligand 2 is expected to not only offer improved glycoprotein separation in other formats, but also act as a useful building block to develop new chemical sensors for analysis of other glycan compounds. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0021-9673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.050 Record 458 of 726 Author(s): Soontornchainaksaeng, P (Soontornchainaksaeng, Puangpaka); Jenjittikul, T (Jenjittikul, Thaya) Title: Chromosome number variation of phytoestrogen-producing Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES, 64 (3): 370-377 JUL 2010 Abstract: Wan-chak-motluk is a Thai local name for native species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) that produce phytoestrogen in their rhizomes. Wan-chak-motluk has long been used in Thai traditional medicine for treatment of illness in the uterus and ovarian hormone deficit, and therefore it is cultivated for economic purposes throughout Thailand. The rhizome morphology of wan-chak-motluk is highly variable and this may be related to its medicinal properties. Thus, this study aimed to identify and classify wan-chak-motluk collected from cultivation sites in 16 provinces of Thailand. Chromosome numbers, together with inflorescent, floral, and leaf morphology, were used to separate wan-chak-motluk into five cultivars belonging to three species: C. comosa, C. elata, and C. latifolia. Curcuma comosa has short (2-5 cm) peduncle, glabrous lower leaf, and consists of two cultivars. One cultivar has a cylindrical spike 13-17 cm long and 5-8 cm wide, whereas the cylindrical spike of the other cultivar is shorter (10-15 cm) but larger (8-12 cm). The former cultivar has 2n = 42 and the latter has 2n = 63, seldom 2n = 62 or 64. Both C. elata and C. latifolia have long (10-25 cm) peduncle and pubescent lower leaf. They differ in that C. latifolia has 2n = 63 and 84 with a red path along the midrib, whereas C. elata has 2n = 63 without a red path along the midrib. This study shows that chromosome numbers can be used to accurately verify the taxonomic identification of wan-chak-motluk. ISSN: 1340-3443 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0414-9 Record 459 of 726 Author(s): Dimmock, SG (Dimmock, Stephen G.); Kouwenberg, R (Kouwenberg, Roy) Title: Loss-aversion and household portfolio choice Source: JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL FINANCE, 17 (3): 441-459 JUN 2010 Abstract: In this paper we empirically test if loss-aversion affects household participation in equity markets, household allocations to equity, and household allocations between mutual funds and individual stocks. Using household survey data, we obtain direct measures of each surveyed household's loss-aversion coefficient from questions involving hypothetical payoffs. We find that higher loss-aversion is associated with a lower probability of participation. We also find that higher loss-aversion reduces the probability of direct stockholding by significantly more than the probability of owning mutual funds. After controlling for sample selection we do not find a relationship between loss-aversion and portfolio allocations to equity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0927-5398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2009.11.005 Record 460 of 726 Author(s): Phawong, C (Phawong, Chintana); Ouma, C (Ouma, Collins); Tangteerawatana, P (Tangteerawatana, Piyatida); Thongshoob, J (Thongshoob, Jarinee); Were, T (Were, Tom); Mahakunkijcharoen, Y (Mahakunkijcharoen, Yuvadee); Wattanasirichaigoon, D (Wattanasirichaigoon, Duangrurdee); Perkins, DJ (Perkins, Douglas Jay); Khusmith, S (Khusmith, Srisin) Title: Haplotypes of IL12B promoter polymorphisms condition susceptibility to severe malaria and functional changes in cytokine levels in Thai adults Source: IMMUNOGENETICS, 62 (6): 345-356 JUN 2010 Abstract: Polymorphic variability in immune response genes, such as IL12B, encoding the IL-12p40 subunit is associated with susceptibility to severe malaria in African populations. Since the role of genetic variation in conditioning severe malaria in Thai adults is largely unexplored, the functional association between IL12B polymorphisms [i.e. IL12Bpro (rs17860508) and IL12B 3' UTR T/G (rs3212227)], severe malaria and cytokine production was examined in patients with Plasmodium falciparum infections (n = 355) recruited from malaria endemic areas along the Thai-Myanmar border in northwest Thailand. Circulating IL-12p40 (p = 0.049) and IFN-gamma (p = 0.051) were elevated in patients with severe malaria, while only IL-12p40 was significantly higher in severe malaria patients with hyperparasitaemia (p = 0.046). Carriage of the IL12Bpro1.1 genotype was associated with enhanced severity of malaria (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 0.94-5.81; p = 0.066) and hyperparasitaemia (OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.17-9.87; p = 0.025) relative to the IL12Bpro2.2 genotype (wild type). Individuals with the IL12Bpro1.1 genotype also had the lowest IL-12p40 (p = 0.002) and the highest IFN-gamma (p = 0.004) levels. Construction of haplotypes revealed that carriage of the IL12Bpro-2/3' UTR-T haplotype was associated with protection against severe malaria (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.90; p = 0.020) and reduced circulating IFN-gamma (p = 0.06). Thus, genotypic and haplotypic variation at IL12Bpro and IL12B 3' UTR in this population influences susceptibility to severe malaria and functional changes in circulating IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma levels. Results presented here suggest that protection against severe malaria in Thai adults is associated with genotypic variants that condition enhanced IL-12p40 and reduced IFN-gamma levels. ISSN: 0093-7711 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0439-y Record 461 of 726 Author(s): Anantaphruti, MT (Anantaphruti, M. T.); Koga, M (Koga, M.); Nuamtanong, S (Nuamtanong, S.); Nintasen, R (Nintasen, R.) Title: Esophageal deformation of Gnathostoma spinigerum in ivermectin-treated rats, and anthelminthic efficacy Source: HELMINTHOLOGIA, 47 (2): 88-93 JUN 2010 Abstract: Ivermectin 2 mg/kg single dose reduced worm load by 83.3 % (75.0 - 91.7 %) for rats experimentally infected with 20 Gnathostoma spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae administered at week 1, with sacrifice at week 15 post-infection. Some larvae recovered from the muscles of treated rats were found to be grossly deformed in appearance. Morphological changes in the Gnathostoma larvae were clearly observed. The internal structures of the deformed larvae showed significant degeneration in the esophageal glandular tissues. The esophageal lumen branched irregularly and occupied a wider area in the center of the esophagus. The epithelial cells thickened along these branches. The esophageal gland ducts were completely destroyed. The excretory ability of the esophageal cell glands may be depressed, causing loss of function. It is suggested that ivermectin is effective against Gnathostoma larvae due to worm recovery reductions. The drug efficacy appears to generate by esophageal destruction of the worms. ISSN: 0440-6605 DOI: 10.2478/s11687-010-0014-y Record 462 of 726 Author(s): Lithanatudom, P (Lithanatudom, Pathrapol); Leecharoenkiat, A (Leecharoenkiat, Amporn); Wannatung, T (Wannatung, Tirawat); Svasti, S (Svasti, Saovaros); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat); Smith, DR (Smith, Duncan R.) Title: A mechanism of ineffective erythropoiesis in beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease Source: HAEMATOLOGICA-THE HEMATOLOGY JOURNAL, 95 (5): 716-723 MAY 2010 Abstract: Background Cells respond to stress stimuli through a number of response pathways, of which one of the most important and well characterized is the unfolded protein response. Despite a large body of work which suggests that stress in erythroblasts may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease, this pathway remains uninvestigated. Design and Methods Day 10 erythroblasts from normal controls and beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients were subjected to internal (treatment with tunicamycin) and external (serum and growth factor withdrawal) stress stimuli and the activation of the unfolded protein response pathway was investigated. Results Normal erythroblasts responded to both internal and external stress by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway while in contrast, erythroblasts from beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients only showed activation of the unfolded protein response pathway in response to internal stress. This was reflected by a markedly increased induction of apoptosis in serum and growth factor deprived beta-thalassemia/Hb E erythroblasts as compared to control cells. Modulation of the levels of intracellular Ca2+ in thalassemic erythroblasts restored UPR activation during serum deprivation and significantly reduced the level of serum deprivation induced apoptosis to control levels. Conclusions These results suggest the failure of thalassemic erythroblasts to cope with cellular stress caused by an impaired UPR function as a result of high Ca2+ levels may exacerbate thalassemic cell death during erythropoiesis. ISSN: 0390-6078 DOI: 10.3324/haemato1.2009.015701 Record 463 of 726 Author(s): Anancharungsuk, W (Anancharungsuk, Waranya); Polpanich, D (Polpanich, Duangporn); Jangpatarapongsa, K (Jangpatarapongsa, Kulachart); Tangboriboonrat, P (Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan) Title: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of natural rubber latex film surface coated with PMMA nanoparticles Source: COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES, 78 (2): 328-333 JUL 1 2010 Abstract: In order to increase surface roughness of the sulphur-prevulcanized natural rubber (SPNR) film and, hence, decrease the direct contact between the rubber and skin, the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latex particles were deposited onto the SPNR film grafted with polyacrylamide (SPNR-g-PAAm). The surface coverage of PMMA particles on the SPNR-g-PAAm increased with increasing latex immersion time, particle size and concentration. Prior to the in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on L-929 fibroblasts, the SPNR and SPNR-g-PAAm coated with PMMA particles were extracted by using the culture medium. Results showed that the cytotoxicity effect could be significantly reduced by coating PMMA particles onto the rubber film. At the extract concentrations of <= 12.5% for 24 h at 37 degrees C, no toxicity potential was detected. The study will be helpful for development of gloves designed for the hypersensitive person. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0927-7765 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.025 Record 464 of 726 Author(s): Sheehan, WJ (Sheehan, William J.); Rangsithienchai, PA (Rangsithienchai, Pitud A.); Baxi, SN (Baxi, Sachin N.); Gardynski, A (Gardynski, Andrea); Bharmanee, A (Bharmanee, Apinya); Israel, E (Israel, Elliot); Phipatanakul, W (Phipatanakul, Wanda) Title: Age-Specific Prevalence of Outdoor and Indoor Aeroallergen Sensitization in Boston Source: CLINICAL PEDIATRICS, 49 (6): 579-585 JUN 2010 Abstract: Questions exist regarding the appropriate age for referral of an atopic child to an allergist for environmental skin prick testing. This study evaluates age-specific prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens from infancy through adolescence. A total of 1394 patients were skin tested, with 57.2% being sensitized to at least I aeroallergen. In children younger than 2, the authors found that 26.5% were sensitized, including to dogs (15.5%) and cats (9.2%). Additionally, tree sensitization was demonstrated in the youngest age group (7.8% at 0-2 years; 17.1% at 2-4 years), including in 3 infants less than 1 year old. Sensitization rates to dust mites and trees were the highest in all ages above 4 years, with a peak tree sensitization of 56.4% at 10 to 12 years and a peak dust mite sensitization of 56.8% in the >12 group. Overall, the authors observed increasing sensitization rates throughout childhood for indoor and outdoor aeroallergens (P < .001). Aeroallergen sensitization begins at a young age and increases during childhood. ISSN: 0009-9228 DOI: 10.1177/0009922809354326 Record 465 of 726 Author(s): Nuntagowat, C (Nuntagowat, Chalinee); Leelawat, K (Leelawat, Kawin); Tohtong, R (Tohtong, Rutaiwan) Title: NGAL knockdown by siRNA in human cholangiocarcinoma cells suppressed invasion by reducing NGAL/MMP-9 complex formation Source: CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS, 27 (5): 295-305 MAY 2010 Abstract: We studied the role of Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL, lipocalin 2) in regulating the invasiveness of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line, RMCCA-1. RMCCA-1 cells expressed multiple forms of 25, 40, 75 and 115/135 kDa NGAL which were detected in the conditioned medium, whereas only the 25 kDa form was detected in the cell lysates. NGAL expression was induced by serum deprivation. NGAL downregulation by siRNA suppressed NGAL mRNA and protein expression by about 70-80%, concommittant with a significant reduction of in vitro invasiveness, migration and pro-MMP-9 activity, but not cell proliferation. Suppression of pro-MMP-9 activity paralleled a reduction of NGAL/MMP-9 complex in the conditioned medium, although MMP-9 mRNA expression was unaffected. Our data suggest that NGAL promotes the invasiveness of the cholangiocarcinoma cells by forming complex with MMP-9, stabilizing its activity and rendering the cancer cells to be more invasive. ISSN: 0262-0898 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9327-y Record 466 of 726 Author(s): Wongsantichon, J (Wongsantichon, Jantana); Robinson, RC (Robinson, Robert C.); Ketterman, AJ (Ketterman, Albert J.) Title: Structural contributions of Delta class glutathione transferase active-site residues to catalysis Source: BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 428: 25-32 Part 1 MAY 15 2010 Abstract: GST (glutathione transferase) is a dimeric enzyme recognized for biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous toxic compounds. In the present study, residues forming the hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of a Delta class enzyme were investigated in detail for the first time by site-directed mutagenesis and crystallographic studies. Enzyme kinetics reveal that Tyr(111) indirectly stabilizes GSH binding, Tyr(119) modulates hydrophobic substrate binding and Phe(123) indirectly modulates catalysis. Mutations at Tyr(111) and Phe(123) also showed evidence for positive co-operativity for GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene respectively, strongly suggesting a role for these residues in manipulating subunit-subunit communication. In the present paper we report crystal structures of the wild-type enzyme, and two mutants, in complex with S-hexylglutathione. This study has identified an aromatic 'zipper' in the H-site contributing a network of aromatic pi-pi interactions. Several residues of the cluster directly interact with the hydrophobic substrate, whereas others indirectly maintain conformational stability of the dimeric structure through the C-terminal domain (domain II). The Y119E mutant structure shows major main-chain rearrangement of domain II. This reorganization is moderated through the 'zipper' that contributes to the H-site remodelling, thus illustrating a role in co-substrate binding modulation. The F123A structure shows molecular rearrangement of the H-site in one subunit, but not the other, explaining weakened hydrophobic substrate binding and kinetic co-operativity effects of Phe(123) mutations. The three crystal structures provide comprehensive evidence of the aromatic 'zipper' residues having an impact upon protein stability, catalysis and specificity. Consequently, 'zipper' residues appear to modulate and co-ordinate substrate processing through permissive flexing. ISSN: 0264-6021 DOI: 10.1042/BJ20091939 Record 467 of 726 Author(s): Pitaksajjakul, P (Pitaksajjakul, Pannamthip); Lekcharoensuk, P (Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa); Upragarin, N (Upragarin, Narin); Barbas, CF (Barbas, Carlos F., III); Ibrahim, MS (Ibrahim, Madiha Salah); Ikuta, K (Ikuta, Kazuyoshi); Ramasoota, P (Ramasoota, Pongrama) Title: Fab MAbs specific to HA of influenza virus with H5N1 neutralizing activity selected from immunized chicken phage library Source: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 395 (4): 496-501 MAY 14 2010 Abstract: Hemagglutinin protein (HA) was considered to be the primary target for monoclonal antibody production. This protein not only plays an important role in viral infections, but can also be used to differentiate H5N1 virus from other influenza A viruses. Hence, for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, it is important to develop anti-HA monoclonal antibody (MAb) with high sensitivity, specificity, stability, and productivity. Nine unique Fab MAbs were generated from chimeric chicken/human Fab phage display library constructed from cDNA derived from chickens immunized with recombinant hemagglutinin protein constructed from H5N1 avian influenza virus (A/Vietnam/1203/04). The obtained Fab MAbs showed several characteristics for further optimization and development-three clones were highly specific to only H5N1 virus. This finding can be applied to the development of H5N1 diagnostic testing. Another clone showed neutralization activity that inhibited H5N1 influenza virus infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In addition, one clone showed strong reactivity with several of the influenza A virus subtypes tested. The conversion of this clone to whole IgG is a promising study for a cross-neutralization activity test. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0006-291X DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.040 Record 468 of 726 Author(s): Auksornkitti, V (Auksornkitti, V.); Pongsiri, P (Pongsiri, P.); Theamboonlers, A (Theamboonlers, A.); Rianthavorn, P (Rianthavorn, P.); Poovorawan, Y (Poovorawan, Y.); Manujum, K (Manujum, K.); Luplertlop, N (Luplertlop, N.) Title: Whole-genome characterisation of Chikungunya virus from Aedes albopictus collected in Thailand Source: ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY, 104 (3): 265-269 APR 2010 ISSN: 0003-4983 DOI: 10.1179/136485910X12647085215778 Record 469 of 726 Author(s): Preecharram, S (Preecharram, Sutthidech); Jearranaiprepame, P (Jearranaiprepame, Pornpimol); Daduang, S (Daduang, Sakda); Temsiripong, Y (Temsiripong, Yosapong); Somdee, T (Somdee, Theerasak); Fukamizo, T (Fukamizo, Tamo); Svasti, J (Svasti, Jisnuson); Araki, T (Araki, Tomohiro); Thammasirirak, S (Thammasirirak, Sompong) Title: Isolation and characterisation of crocosin, an antibacterial compound from crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) plasma Source: ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, 81 (3): 393-401 2010 Abstract: An antibacterial compound from crocodile blood was partially purified and functionally characterised. The freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) plasma with antibacterial activity was partially purified by using a centrifugal concentrator and reverse phase high powered liquid chromatography, and designated as crocosin. Crocosin exhibits antibacterial activity toward Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Crocosin is thermostable and resistant to pronase digestion. The structure of crocosin analyzed by mass spectrometry contains repeating units of 94 and 136 m/z. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that crocosin probably penetrates progressively into cytoplasm space, perturbing and damaging bacterial membranes. Crocosin may provide an early defense mechanism toward bacterial infection in freshwater. ISSN: 1344-3941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00752.x Record 470 of 726 Author(s): Chutipongtanate, S (Chutipongtanate, Somchai); Thongboonkerd, V (Thongboonkerd, Visith) Title: Establishment of a novel colorimetric assay for high-throughput analysis of calcium oxalate crystal growth modulation Source: ANALYST, 135 (6): 1309-1314 2010 Abstract: Crystal growth is one of the most important mechanisms of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone formation. However, identification and characterization of CaOx crystal growth modulators were under-investigated in the past, probably due to the lack of an assay that could measure modulatory activities of a large number of candidates simultaneously. We therefore developed such a high-throughput assay based on colorimetric measurements of free calcium ions using Arsenazo III in a 96-well microplate, and a microplate reader (lambda 620 nm). CaOx monohydrate (COM) was crystallized in the absence (blank control) or presence of 5 mM sodium citrate (Na(3)Citrate) (positive control) or 5 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) (negative control). The results showed that Na(3)Citrate, but not NaCl, could significantly inhibit COM crystal growth. The reliability of this novel assay was validated by quantitative analysis of COM crystal size. Degree of the inhibitory activity of Na(3)Citrate obtained from our novel assay was comparable to that obtained from the reference method (34.5 +/- 4.3 vs. 40.0 +/- 1.6% Inhibition, respectively; p was not significant). The high-throughput capability of the novel assay was demonstrated by simultaneous measurement of 33 samples (a triplicated set of 11 different concentrations of Na(3)Citrate) with linear correlation between Na(3)Citrate concentrations and COM crystal growth inhibitory activities (r = 0.893; p < 0.0001). In summary, we have successfully established a novel assay for high-throughput analysis of CaOx crystal growth modulatory activities of compounds that will be very useful for a large-scale analysis of CaOx crystal growth modulators. ISSN: 0003-2654 DOI: 10.1039/b927046a Record 471 of 726 Author(s): Thamwiriyasati, N (Thamwiriyasati, Niramon); Sakdee, S (Sakdee, Somsri); Chuankhayan, P (Chuankhayan, Phimonphan); Katzenmeier, G (Katzenmeier, Gerd); Chen, CJ (Chen, Chun-Jung); Angsuthanasombat, C (Angsuthanasombat, Chanan) Title: Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of a full-length active form of the Cry4Ba toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis Source: ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS, 66: 721-724 Part 6 JUN 2010 Abstract: To obtain a complete structure of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba mosquitolarvicidal protein, a 65 kDa functional form of the Cry4Ba-R203Q mutant toxin was generated for crystallization by eliminating the tryptic cleavage site at Arg203. The 65 kDa trypsin-resistant fragment was purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belonged to the rhombohedral space group R32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 184.62, c = 187.36 angstrom. Diffraction data were collected to at least 2.07 angstrom resolution using synchrotron radiation and gave a data set with an overall R-merge of 9.1% and a completeness of 99.9%. Preliminary analysis indicated that the asymmetric unit contained one molecule of the active full-length mutant, with a V-M coefficient and solvent content of 4.33 angstrom(3) Da(-1) and 71%, respectively. ISSN: 1744-3091 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309110015344 Record 472 of 726 Author(s): Chokephaibulkit, K (Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya); Plipat, N (Plipat, Nottasorn); Yoksan, S (Yoksan, Sutee); Phongsamart, W (Phongsamart, Wanatpreeya); Lappra, K (Lappra, Keswadee); Chearskul, P (Chearskul, Pimpanada); Chearskul, S (Chearskul, Sanay); Wittawatmongkol, O (Wittawatmongkol, Orasri); Vanprapar, N (Vanprapar, Nirun) Title: A comparative study of the serological response to Japanese encephalitis vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected Thai children Source: VACCINE, 28 (20): 3563-3566 APR 30 2010 Abstract: We report a prospective study of mouse brain derived inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine, given in 3-dose EPI program to human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-exposed Thai infants. 18 HIV-infected receiving antiretroviral therapy with median baseline CD4 of 33.1%, and 92 HIV-uninfected children were studied. All but one HIV-infected child seroconverted after the second dose. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) 3 months after the second and third doses in HIV-infected vs HIV-uninfected children were 247 vs 938 (p = 0.022), and 2273 vs 24069 (p = 0.009), respectively. Urticaria or angioedema found in 4% and 6% in HIV-infected and -uninfected children, respectively (p = 1.0). The vaccine was safe and immunogenic but antibody response in HIV-infected children was not as high as in uninfected children. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0264-410X DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.108 Record 473 of 726 Author(s): Jaturapatporn, D (Jaturapatporn, Darin); Moran, E (Moran, Erica); Obwanga, C (Obwanga, Chris); Husain, A (Husain, Amna) Title: Patients' experience of oxygen therapy and dyspnea: a qualitative study in home palliative care Source: SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER, 18 (6): 765-770 JUN 2010 Abstract: Dyspnea is a common and distressing symptom in advanced cancer patients. Our preliminary work shows that in the home palliative care population sampled for this study, the prevalence of dyspnea is 29.5% and of those, 26.2% used oxygen therapy. Previous studies suggested that oxygen therapy can be a burden to patients. This study seeks to report the prevalence and describe the experience of dyspnea, pattern of oxygen use, and patients' perceived benefits and/or burdens of oxygen therapy in home palliative care patients receiving oxygen therapy. Qualitative in-depth interviews, using an interview guide, were conducted with eight participants in their homes. Thematic analysis was performed using a framework approach. All patients in this project used oxygen most of the time. The descriptions of shortness of breath varied and were nonspecific. The patients identified more advantages than disadvantages. The advantages of oxygen use included increased functional capacity, patients' perceiving oxygen as a life-saving intervention, as well as a symptom-management tool. The identified disadvantages were decreased mobility, discomfort related to the nasal prongs, barriers to accessing oxygen therapy and noise related to the equipment. The advantages of oxygen usage outweighed the disadvantages for this sample of patients in the home palliative setting. ISSN: 0941-4355 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-010-0860-7 Record 474 of 726 Author(s): Kaeoket, K (Kaeoket, K.); Sang-urai, P (Sang-urai, P.); Thamniyom, A (Thamniyom, A.); Chanapiwat, P (Chanapiwat, P.); Techakumphu, M (Techakumphu, M.) Title: Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Quality of Cryopreserved Boar Semen in Different Breeds Source: REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 45 (3): 458-463 JUN 2010 Abstract: Contents During the cryopreservation process, the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the sperm plasma membrane decreases significantly because of lipid peroxidation, which may contribute to sperm loss quality (i.e. fertility) of frozen-thawed semen. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of DHA (fish oil) in freezing extender II on frozen-thawed semen quality. Semen from 20 boars of proven motility and morphology, were used in this study. Boar semen was split into four groups, in which the lactose-egg yolk (LEY) extender used to resuspend the centrifuged sperm pellet was supplemented with various levels of fish oil to reach DHA level of 1X (group I, control, no added fish oil), 6X (group II), 12X (group III) and 18X (group IV). Semen solutions were frozen by using a controlled rate freezer. After cryopreservation, frozen semen was thawed and evaluated for progressive motility, viability by using SYBR-14/Ethidiumhomodimer-1 (EthD-1) staining and acrosome integrity by using FITC-PNA/EthD-1 staining. There was a significantly higher (p < 0.001) percentage of progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity in DHA (fish oil) supplemented groups than control group. Generally, there seemed to be a dose-dependent effect of DHA, with the highest percentage of progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity in group-III. In conclusion, supplementation of the LEY extender with DHA by adding fish oil was effective for freezing boar semen as it resulted in higher post-thaw plasma membrane integrity and progressive motility. ISSN: 0936-6768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01239.x Record 475 of 726 Author(s): Saewong, T (Saewong, T.); Ounjaijean, S (Ounjaijean, S.); Mundee, Y (Mundee, Y.); Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, K.); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, S.); Porter, JB (Porter, J. B.); Srichairatanakool, S (Srichairatanakool, S.) Title: Effects of Green Tea on Iron Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in Livers of Iron-Challenged Thalassemic Mice Source: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, 6 (2): 57-64 MAR 2010 Abstract: Liver is affected by secondary iron overload in transfusions dependent beta-thalassemia patients. The redox iron can generate reactive oxidants that damage biomolecules, leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Iron chelators are used to treat thalassemias to achieve negative iron balance and relieve oxidant-induced organ dysfunctions. Green tea (GT) (Camellia sinensis) catechins exhibit anti-oxidation, the inhibition of carcinogenesis, the detoxification of CYP2E1-catalyzed HepG2 cells and iron chelation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of GT in iron-challenged thalassemic mice. Heterozygous BKO type-thalassemia (BKO) mice (C57BL/6) experienced induced iron overload by being fed a ferrocene-supplemented diet (Fe diet) for 8 weeks, and by orally being given GT extract (300 mg/kg) and deferiprone (DFP) (50 mg/kg) for a further 8 weeks. Liver iron content (LIC) was analyzed by TPTZ colorimetric and Perl's staining techniques. Concentrations of liver reduced glutathione (GSH), collagen and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. Dosages of the GT extract and DFP lowered LIC in the Fe diet-fed BKO mice effectively. The extract did not change any concentrations of liver glutathione, collagen and MDA in the BKO mice. Histochemical examination showed leukocyte infiltration in the nearby hepatic portal vein and high iron accumulation in the livers of the iron-loaded BKO mice, however GT treatment lowered the elevated iron deposition. In conclusion, green tea inhibits or delays the deposition of hepatic iron in regularly iron-loaded thalassemic mice effectively. This will prevent the iron-induced generation of free radicals via Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions, and consequently liver damage and fibrosis. Combined chelation with green tea would be investigated in beta-thalassemia patients with iron overload. ISSN: 1573-4064 Record 476 of 726 Author(s): Huabsomboon, P (Huabsomboon, Pallop); Novaprateep, B (Novaprateep, Boriboon); Kaneko, H (Kaneko, Hideaki) Title: On Taylor-series expansion methods for the second kind integral equations Source: JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS, 234 (5): 1466-1472 JUL 1 2010 Abstract: In this paper, we comment on the recent papers by Yuhe Ren et al. (1999) [1] and Maleknejad et al. (2006) [7] concerning the use of the Taylor series to approximate a solution of the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind as well as a solution of a system of Fredholm equations. The technique presented in Yuhe Ren et al. (1999)[1] takes advantage of a rapidly decaying convolution kernel k(vertical bar s-t vertical bar) as vertical bar s-t vertical bar increases. However, it does not apply to equations having other types of kernels. We present in this paper a more general Taylor expansion method which can be applied to approximate a solution of the Fredholm equation having a smooth kernel. Also, it is shown that when the new method is applied to the Fredholm equation with a rapidly decaying kernel, it provides more accurate results than the method in Yuhe Ren et al. (1999)[1]. We also discuss an application of the new Taylor-series method to a system of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. (C) 2010 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0377-0427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2010.02.023 Record 477 of 726 Author(s): Geibprasert, S (Geibprasert, S.); Fanning, NF (Fanning, N. F.); Pedroza, A (Pedroza, A.); terBrugge, KG (terBrugge, K. G.) Title: Imaging characteristics of arteriovenous malformations simulating vascular tumors of the temporalis muscle: a report of two cases Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, 39 (4): 402-406 APR 2010 Abstract: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the temporalis muscle are an extremely rare subgroup of head and neck AVMs. The authors report two cases presenting with temporal fossa tumor-like lesions. MRI demonstrated enlargement of the temporalis muscle with hypointensity on T1, hyperintensity on T2 and moderate contrast enhancement. Angiography shows slow arteriovenous shunting with a dense capillary blush of the entire muscle before draining into facial veins. The arterial supply is characteristic of being restricted to the temporalis muscle. ISSN: 0901-5027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.12.009 Record 478 of 726 Author(s): Kim-Lohsoontorn, P (Kim-Lohsoontorn, P.); Brett, DJL (Brett, D. J. L.); Laosiripojana, N (Laosiripojana, N.); Kim, YM (Kim, Y-M.); Bae, JM (Bae, J-M.) Title: Performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells based on composite La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-delta - yttria stabilized zirconia and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta oxygen electrodes Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, 35 (9): 3958-3966 MAY 2010 Abstract: The electrochemical performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) having barium strontium cobalt ferrite (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta) and composite lanthanum strontium manganite-yttria stabilized zirconia (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-delta-YSZ) oxygen electrodes has been studied over a range of operating conditions. Increasing the operating temperature (973 K to 1173 K) significantly increased electrochemical performance and hydrogen generation efficiency for both systems. The presence of water in the hydrogen electrode was found to have a marked positive effect on the EIS response of solid oxide cell (SOC) under open circuit voltage (OCV). The difference in operation between electrolytic and galvanic modes was investigated. Cells having BSCF oxygen electrodes (Ni-YSZ/YSZ/BSCF) showed greater performance than LSM-YSZ-based cells (Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ) over the range of temperatures, in both galvanic and electrolytic regimes of operation. The area specific resistance (ASR) of the LSM-YSZ-based cells remained unchanged when transitioning between electrolyser and fuel cell modes; however, the BSCF cells exhibited an overall increase in cell ASR of similar to 2.5 times when entering electrolysis mode. Durability studies of cells in electrolysis mode were made over 20 h periods. Significant degradation of the BSCF cell was observed (0.02 V h(-1)) while the LSM-YSZ cell exhibited more stable performance under the same operating conditions (0.3 A cm(-2), 1123 K, and H2O/H-2 = 70/30). Increasing the electrolysis current density accelerated performance degradation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and microstructure analysis were used to investigate the cause of performance degradation, with evidence emerging of microstructural change in the case of the BSCF electrode. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0360-3199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.039 Record 479 of 726 Author(s): Jariyaboon, M (Jariyaboon, M.); Moller, P (Moller, P.); Dunin-Borkowski, RE (Dunin-Borkowski, R. E.); In, SI (In, S. -I.); Chorkendorff, I (Chorkendorff, I.); Ambat, R (Ambat, R.) Title: The effect of atmospheric corona treatment on AA1050 aluminium Source: CORROSION SCIENCE, 52 (6): 2155-2163 JUN 2010 Abstract: The effect of atmospheric corona discharge on AM 050 aluminium surface was investigated using electrochemical polarization, SEM-EDX, FIB-SEM. and XPS. The corona treatment was performed with varying time (1, 5, and 15 min) in atmospheric air. A 200 nm oxide layer was generated on AA1050 after the 15 min air corona treatment. A significant reduction in anodic and cathodic reactivities was observed starting from 1 min exposure, which further decreased with prolonged exposure (15 min) and after delayed testing (after 30 days). The reduction in surface reactivity is due to the formation of thicker and denser oxide film. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0010-938X DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.01.035 Record 480 of 726 Author(s): Chuansumrit, A (Chuansumrit, Ampaiwan); Teeraratkul, S (Teeraratkul, Sumate); Wanichkul, S (Wanichkul, Suthep); Treepongkaruna, S (Treepongkaruna, Suporn); Sirachainan, N (Sirachainan, Nongnuch); Pakakasama, S (Pakakasama, Samart); Nuntnarumit, P (Nuntnarumit, Pracha); Hongeng, S (Hongeng, Suradej) Group Author(s): rFVIIa Study Grp Title: Recombinant-activated factor VII for control and prevention of hemorrhage in nonhemophilic pediatric patients Source: BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS, 21 (4): 354-362 JUN 2010 Abstract: A total of 108 episodes among 103 nonhemophilic pediatric patients (nine newborns, 16 infants and 78 children) treated with recombinant factor-activated VII (rFVIIa) were evaluated retrospectively. These episodes were divided into two groups: group 1 included 86 occurrences for hemorrhagic control of ongoing massive bleeding due to thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy unresponsive to blood component therapy in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever, life-threatening, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding; group 2 included 22 episodes for prevention of hemorrhage with invasive procedures in patients with chronic liver disease and associated coagulopathy, and patients without preexisting hemostatic disorder but at high risk due to their underlying diagnosis and required surgical intervention. The effective control of hemostasis response rate in group 1 was significantly lower than in group 2. The median total dose per kilogram of rFVIIa group 1 was twice that of group 2. The overall case-fatality rate related to bleeding or underlying conditions was 31.1% (32/103). Adverse events were observed in three patients (2.9%) receiving rFVIIa for control of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in the setting of corrective cardiac surgery. These results support the safety and potential benefit of rFVIIa for control and prevention of hemorrhage in pediatric patients without congenital hemophilia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 21:354-362 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISSN: 0957-5235 DOI: 10.1097/MBC.0b013e3283389500 Record 481 of 726 Author(s): Klin-eam, C (Klin-eam, Chakkrid); Suantai, S (Suantai, Suthep) Title: Fixed point theorems for alpha-nonexpansive mappings Source: APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS, 23 (6): 728-731 JUN 2010 Abstract: In this paper, we prove some fixed point theorems of alpha-nonexpansive mappings introduced by Goebel and Pineda (2007) [1]. Moreover, the demiclosedness principle for the a-nonexpansive mappings is also established. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0893-9659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aml.2010.02.018 Record 482 of 726 Author(s): Suputtamongkol, K (Suputtamongkol, Kallaya); Wonglamsam, A (Wonglamsam, Amornrat); Eiampongpaiboon, T (Eiampongpaiboon, Trinuch); Malla, S (Malla, Sumi); Anusavice, KJ (Anusavice, Kenneth J.) Title: Surface roughness resulting from wear of lithia-disilicate-based posterior crowns Source: WEAR, 269 (3-4): 317-322 JUN 18 2010 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the surface roughness that occurred as a result of wear of all-ceramic crowns after 2 years of intraoral service. The ceramic material used in this study was a lithia-disilicate-based all-ceramic core ceramic and a glass-phase veneer ceramic. Posterior bilayer crowns were made for 30 subjects, who were recalled annually. At each recall time, the quality of crowns and adjacent gingival tissues were examined for acceptability, and impressions were made for replica models. The occlusal contacts of each ceramic crown were identified and surface roughness (R-a) measurement was performed on the replica model using a contact profilometer. Mean surface roughness values were analyzed using a repeated measure ANOVA. The wear patterns of contact surfaces were also characterized using a scanning electron microscope. From 30 ceramic crowns, 12 premolars and 13 molars were used for surface roughness measurements. For molar crowns, the surface roughness (R-a) at baseline was 1.76 +/- 0.43 mu m and the roughness significantly increased after 1 year and 2 years (p < 0.05). For premolar crowns, the increase in roughness values was significantly different only after 2 years from 1.49 +/- 0.22 to 1.9 +/- 0.44 mu m (p < 0.05). Roughening of ceramic surfaces was observed over the entire occlusal area, especially in the contact zones. Loss of superficial ceramic material as a result of microfracture was the reason for surface roughening. In conclusion, the surface roughness of ceramic crowns was significantly increased after 2 years. The increase in surface roughness indicated the degradation of the ceramic crown surfaces over time that resulted from the wear process. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0043-1648 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.04.015 Record 483 of 726 Author(s): Stewart, MJ (Stewart, Michael J.); Stewart, P (Stewart, Praphaporn); Soonklang, N (Soonklang, Nantawan); Linthong, V (Linthong, Vichai); Hanna, PJ (Hanna, Peter J.); Duan, W (Duan, Wei); Sobhon, P (Sobhon, Prasert) Title: Spermatogenesis in the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, and evidence for histones in mature sperm nuclei Source: TISSUE & CELL, 42 (3): 137-150 JUN 2010 Abstract: Spermatogenesis in the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, is described by light and electron microscopy. The testis is composed of anterior (AT) and posterior (PT) lobes, that are partitioned into lobules by connective tissue trabecula, and further divided into zones (germinal, transformation and evacuation), each with various stages of cellular differentiation. The vas deferens is classified into three distinct regions: anterior (AVD), median (MVD), and posterior (PVD), on the presence of spermatophores and two secretions, termed substance I and II. Based on the degree and patterns of heterochromatin, spermatogenesis is classified into 13 stages: two spermatogonia (SgA and SgB), six primary spermatocytes (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis, and metaphase), a secondary spermatocyte (SSc), three spermatids (St 1-3), and a mature spermatozoon. Spermatid stages are differentiated by chromatin decondensation and the formation of an acrosomal complex, which is unique to brachyurans. Mature spermatozoa are aflagellated, and have a nuclear projection and a spherical acrosome. AUT-PAGE and Western blots show that, during chromatin decondensation, there is a reduction of most histones, with only small amounts of H2B and H3 remaining in mature spermatozoa. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0040-8166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.03.002 Record 484 of 726 Author(s): Sangjan, S (Sangjan, Suntree); Traiphol, N (Traiphol, Nisanart); Traiphol, R (Traiphol, Rakchart) Title: Improvement of ultrathin polystyrene film stability by addition of poly(styrene-stat-chloromethylstyrene) copolymer: An atomic force microscopy study Source: THIN SOLID FILMS, 518 (17): 4879-4883 JUN 30 2010 Abstract: A method to improve the stability of ultrathin polystyrene (PS) films on SiOx/Si substrate is introduced. In this method, interfacial interactions between PS film and substrate are enhanced by addition of poly (styrene-stat-chloromethylstyrene(CIMS)) copolymer containing 5 mol% of CIMS group. The resulting slight structural modification of the copolymer does not cause phase separation in the polymer blend. On the other hand, the existence of polar CIMS groups provides anchoring sites on the polar SiOx surface via dipolar interactions. In this study, ratios of the copolymers are varied from 0 to 40 wt.% in the thin films resulting in a systematic increase of the interfacial interactions. The dewetting behaviors of all films subjected to the same annealing conditions are explored via atomic force microscopy. The analyses of root mean square roughness and dewetting area as a function of annealing time and copolymer ratio provide information about the film stability. Our results indicate that blending small quantity of the copolymer with PS significantly increases the stability of ultrathin films. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0040-6090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.033 Record 485 of 726 Author(s): Traiphol, R (Traiphol, Rakchart); Charoenthai, N (Charoenthai, Nipaphat); Srikhirin, T (Srikhirin, Toemsak); Perahia, D (Perahia, Dvora) Title: Self-assembling into interconnected nanoribbons in thin films of hairy rod poly(9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene): Effects of concentration, substrate and solvent Source: SYNTHETIC METALS, 160 (11-12): 1318-1324 JUN 2010 Abstract: This study utilizes atomic force microscopy to investigate the self-assembling behaviors from dilute solution into thin film of a well-known conjugated polymer, poly(9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene) (PF2/6). We have found that the structures of nanoscale aggregates depend on various experimental parameters including concentration, substrate and solvent. The self-assembling of PF2/6 from 0.05 mg/mL solution in toluene onto SiOx/Si substrate results in the formation of interconnected nanoribbons with thickness and width of about 20 and 150 nm, respectively. Varying polymer concentration and type of substrate (SiOx/Si or mica) significantly affects the nanoscale structures. The change of solvent to chlorobenzene, a slightly more polar solvent with slower evaporation rate, causes the growth of ribbon width to micron size with slight increase of the thickness. When the solvents with higher evaporation rate (i.e. chloroform and dichloromethane) are used, densely packed nanoribbons are obtained. Its width also grows to micron size. The measurements of UV/vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra detect some discrepancies in pattern, reflecting the variation of local chain organization within thin films prepared by using different solvents. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0379-6779 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.04.008 Record 486 of 726 Author(s): Gerdprasert, S (Gerdprasert, Sailom); Pruksacheva, T (Pruksacheva, Tassanee); Panijpan, B (Panijpan, Bhinyo); Ruenwongsa, P (Ruenwongsa, Pintip) Title: Development of a web-based learning medium on mechanism of labour for nursing students Source: NURSE EDUCATION TODAY, 30 (5): 464-469 JUL 2010 Abstract: This study aimed to develop a web-based learning media on the process and mechanism of labour for the third-year university nursing and midwifery students. This media was developed based on integrating principles of the mechanism of labour with the 5Es inquiry cycle and interactive features of information technology. In this study, the web-based learning unit was used to supplement the conventional lecture as in the traditional teaching. Students' achievements were assessed by using the pre- and post-test on factual knowledge and semi-structured interviews on attitude to the unit. Supplementation with this learning unit made learning significantly more effective than the traditional lecture by itself. The students also showed positive attitude toward the learning unit. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0260-6917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2009.10.007 Record 487 of 726 Author(s): Krings, T (Krings, Timo); Geibprasert, S (Geibprasert, Sasikhan); terBrugge, K (terBrugge, Karel) Title: Classification and Endovascular Management of Pediatric Cerebral Vascular Malformations Source: NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 21 (3): 463-+ JUL 2010 Abstract: Pediatric vascular malformations of the central nervous system differ from those seen in adults. Their classification may be based on symptoms, pathomechanics, patient's age, morphologic features, or presumed etiology. This review describes the different classification schemes and the endovascular management options of these rare and challenging diseases. The proposed etiologic classification of pediatric vascular malformations may add to our understanding of these diseases in general because the phenotypic expression of a given vascular malformation can shed light on the nature and timing of the causative agent, thereby potentially opening up treatment modalities in the future that are directed against the triggering event rather than against the clinical manifestations or the morphologic appearance. With current endovascular methods, most vascular diseases can be approached safely and with good clinical results. ISSN: 1042-3680 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2010.03.010 Record 488 of 726 Author(s): Kamanamool, N (Kamanamool, Nanticha); McEvoy, M (McEvoy, Mark); Attia, J (Attia, John); Ingsathit, A (Ingsathit, Atiporn); Ngamjanyaporn, P (Ngamjanyaporn, Pintip); Thakkinstian, A (Thakkinstian, Ammarin) Title: Efficacy and Adverse Events of Mycophenolate Mofetil Versus Cyclophosphamide for Induction Therapy of Lupus Nephritis Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Source: MEDICINE, 89 (4): 227-235 JUL 2010 Abstract: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare complete remission and adverse events (that is, infection, leukopenia, and gastrointestinal [GI] symptoms) between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) for the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN). We identified trials from MEDLINE using the PubMed and Ovid search engines, and from The Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Controlled Trials. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials comparing MMF with CYC with 1 of following outcomes: complete remission, complete/partial remission, infection, leukopenia, GI symptoms, serum creatinine, 24-hour urine protein, and urine albumin. Data were independently extracted by 2 reviewers. Five trials with a total of 638 patients were eligible for review. While the MMF group tended to achieve complete remission more frequently than the CYC group, this was not significant (pooled risk ratio [RR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-2.93). Pooling based on the 4 homogeneous trials yielded similar results-that is, no benefit of MMF compared with CYC groups (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.74-1.77). The complete or partial remission rates were also not different (pooled RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.97-1.48) among the groups. The adverse events (infection, renal function, and GI symptoms) were not significantly different, except for leukopenia, which was lower in the MMF group. In summary, patients treated with MMF and CYC had similar remission rates, but the MMF group had less frequent leukopenia than the CYC group. Further large-scale trials are needed to confirm these results. ISSN: 0025-7974 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e3181e93d00 Record 489 of 726 Author(s): Unchern, S (Unchern, Supeenun); Laohareungpanya, N (Laohareungpanya, Narumon); Sanvarinda, Y (Sanvarinda, Yupin); Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, Kovit); Tanratana, P (Tanratana, Pansakorn); Chantharaksri, U (Chantharaksri, Udom); Sibmooh, N (Sibmooh, Nathawut) Title: Oxidative Modification and Poor Protective Activity of HDL on LDL Oxidation in Thalassemia Source: LIPIDS, 45 (7): 627-633 JUL 2010 Abstract: Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported in thalassemia, which is a consequence of oxidative stress. However, the levels of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in thalassemia have not been evaluated and it is unclear whether HDL oxidation may be linked to LDL oxidation. In this study, the levels of total cholesterol, iron, protein, conjugated diene (CD), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) were determined in HDL from healthy volunteers and patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia with hemoglobin E (beta-thal/Hb E). The protective activity of thalassemic HDL on LDL oxidation was also investigated. The iron content of HDL2 and HDL3 from beta-thal/HbE patients was higher while the cholesterol content was lower than those in healthy volunteers. Thalassemic HDL2 and HDL3 had increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers i.e., conjugated diene, LOOH, and TBARs. Thalassemic HDL had lower peroxidase activity than control HDL and was unable to protect LDL from oxidation induced by CuSO4. Our findings highlight the oxidative modification and poor protective activity of thalassemic HDL on LDL oxidation which may contribute to cardiovascular complications in thalassemia. ISSN: 0024-4201 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3435-y Record 490 of 726 Author(s): Surapolchai, P (Surapolchai, Pacharapan); Hongeng, S (Hongeng, Suradej); Mahachoklertwattana, P (Mahachoklertwattana, Pat); Pakakasama, S (Pakakasama, Samart); Winaichatsak, A (Winaichatsak, Angkana); Wisanuyothin, N (Wisanuyothin, Nittaya); Pasomsub, E (Pasomsub, Ekawat); Mahasirimongkol, S (Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth); Sirachainan, N (Sirachainan, Nongnuch) Title: Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Prevalence and Risk Factors Source: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY, 32 (5): 383-389 JUL 2010 Abstract: Aim/Purpose: Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risks of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of alterations in glucose metabolism and the predisposing factors of these disturbances in survivors of childhood ALL. Patients and methods: In 131 ALL survivors, an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted to determine beta-cell function/insulin sensitivity. The particular risk factors were analyzed and 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms of diabetic predisposing genes: PAX4 and TCF7L2 were genotyped to evaluate the association between these factors and b-cell function/insulin sensitivity. Results: Ten out of 131 survivors (7.6%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) whereas 40 out of 131 (30.5%) had insulin resistance (IR) and showed characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C). In the logistic regression analysis, the most important factor predicting IGT and IR was older age of survivors (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001, respectively) whereas the PAX4 R192H mutation (rs2233580) was significantly associated with IGT after adjustment for age (P = 0.043) (adjusted OR 5.28, 95% CI 1.06-26.40). Conclusions: Existing evidence suggests that older age is an independent risk factor for developing IGT and IR in childhood ALL survivors, emphasizing the need for life-long metabolic screening. The PAX4 variant might impact individual susceptibility against IGT and diabetes. However, an identification of underlying risk(s) is the rational for future studies. ISSN: 1077-4114 DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181dccc0b Record 491 of 726 Author(s): Wattanasiriwech, S (Wattanasiriwech, S.); Wattanasiriwech, D (Wattanasiriwech, D.); Svasti, J (Svasti, J.) Title: Production of amorphous silica nanoparticles from rice straw with microbial hydrolysis pretreatment Source: JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 356 (25-27): 1228-1232 JUN 1 2010 Abstract: An enzymatic hydrolysis approach was used in order to develop a less aggressive process for production of amorphous silica from rice straw. In the process, rice straw was firstly hydrolyzed either with a microbial isolate (Trichoderma reesei TISTR 3080) or a microbial community (LDD1), followed by a heat treatment at 500 degrees C for 8 h. After hydrolysis, the rice straw was decomposed by T. reesei and by LDD1 to 59.6% and 45.2% of the initial weight, of which 12% and 23% ash content was respectively determined by thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the major constituent in the ash to be amorphous silica with a particle size ranges between 50 and 80 nm. The silica content in the T. reesei pretreated ash was 82.5%, whereas the content of the LDD1 pretreated ash was 73.6%. Relatively high levels of impurities such as manganese and phosphate, associated with microbial activity were detected in both pretreated ash samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0022-3093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.04.032 Record 492 of 726 Author(s): Parengam, M (Parengam, Montira); Judprasong, K (Judprasong, Kunchit); Srianujata, S (Srianujata, Songsak); Jittinandana, S (Jittinandana, Sitima); Laoharojanaphand, S (Laoharojanaphand, Sirinart); Busamongko, A (Busamongko, Arporn) Title: Study of nutrients and toxic minerals in rice and legumes by instrumental neutron activation analysis and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry Source: JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS, 23 (4): 340-345 JUN 2010 Abstract: Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is one of the high metrological techniques for mineral determination. Nevertheless, it has some limitations for minerals with low detection limits, such as lead and cadmium, for which graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) provides reliable outcomes. This study was conducted to determine nutrients and toxic elements in four varieties of rice and six varieties of legumes. Rice and legume samples were collected from Talad-Thai and Yoawarat markets, which were representatives of rural and Bangkok areas, respectively. INAA was used for determination of various minerals whereas GF-AAS was used to determine Cd and Pb. In-house reference materials (RMs: white jasmine rice and soybeans) were prepared and their mineral contents were assigned, along with certified reference materials, by INAA and GF-AAS with standard addition technique. The INAA and GF-AAS methods were validated by various certified reference materials which showed a fairly good accuracy, 0.7-4.5% bias for INAA; 1.54 and 6.06% bias for AAS. The precision of INAA and GF-AAS, relative standard deviation (RSD) of all studied minerals was good (RSD less than 8.9%). All varieties of rice and legume seeds contain high amounts of Ca, K and Mg, whereas trace amounts of Al, Br, Cl, Fe, Mn, Zn. Cr, Cu, I, Mo, Se and Sn were found. Trace amounts of As (0.029-0.181 mg/kg) and Cd (0.010-0.025 mg/kg) were detected in all varieties of rice, but not detected in legume seeds, except that slightly higher level of Cd were found in soybeans and peanut (0.022 and 0.085 mg/kg, respectively). Low levels of Hg, ranging from 0.196 to 0.352 mg/kg, were detected in all studied sample, whereas level of Pb less than LOD (1 mcg/100 g) was found. To improve the quality of analytical mineral data, these in-house reference materials can be used as a reference material for internal and external quality control systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0889-1575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.12.012 Record 493 of 726 Author(s): Tewthanom, K (Tewthanom, K.); Janwitayanujit, S (Janwitayanujit, S.); Totemchockcyakarn, K (Totemchockcyakarn, K.); Ayudhya, DPN (Ayudhya, D. Panomvana Na) Title: The effect of high dose of N-acetylcysteine in lupus nephritis: a case report and literature review Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS, 35 (4): 483-485 AUG 2010 Abstract: P>An imbalance of oxidative-antioxidant defence mechanism has been proposed in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Co-administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) which has a strong antioxidant activity may produce a satisfactory therapeutic outcome when added to standard therapy. We report a case of a 46-year-old lupus nephritis patient who received 1800 mg of NAC orally. After NAC, this patient showed a higher glutathione level, and a normal level of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product. In addition, the urinary protein levels, the complete blood counts and physical examination of the affected organs showed improvement. However, a well-controlled trial is needed to confirm the value of high-dose NAC in lupus nephritis patients. ISSN: 0269-4727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01108.x Record 494 of 726 Author(s): Phatthiyaphaibun, K (Phatthiyaphaibun, K.); Som-Aum, W (Som-Aum, W.); Srisa-ard, M (Srisa-ard, M.); Threeprom, J (Threeprom, J.) Title: Determination of pheniramine enantiomers in eye drop by capillary electrophoresis using hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selector Source: JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 65 (7): 755-759 JUL 2010 Abstract: A capillary zone electrophoresis procedure has been developed for the chiral determination of pheniramine in eye drop. Native and derivative cyclodextrins (CDs) including gamma-CD, beta-CD, hydroxypropyl-beta-CD and dimethyl-beta-CD were tested as chiral selectors. Using 30 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-CD in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0), the acceptable resolution value (R = 1.55) was obtained. The assay was validated for linearity (3.3 x 10(-6)-5.0 x 10(-4) M; R (2) = 0.9996), limit of detection (3.3 x 10(-6) M), limit of quantification (8.5 x 10(-6) M), analytical precision by terms of intra- and inter-day variability (RSD a parts per thousand currency sign 2.57%), and accuracy (recovery a parts per thousand yen 89.3%). The content of pheniramine in eye drop obtained by the proposed method was in good agreement with the declared value. The results indicated that pheniramine in the eye drop was present as the racemate. ISSN: 1061-9348 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934810070166 Record 495 of 726 Author(s): Atchaneeyasakul, LO (Atchaneeyasakul, L-O); Trinavarat, A (Trinavarat, A.) Title: Choroidal ruptures after adjuvant intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity Source: JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY, 30 (7): 497-499 JUL 2010 Abstract: In recent times, laser treatment combined with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) has been used rarely as early investigations to treat patients with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We describe choroidal ruptures that were documented at 10 weeks after this combined treatment in a preterm infant born at 28 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 1190 g. Aggressive posterior ROP was diagnosed at the age of 6 weeks. Initial treatment included bilateral laser ablation, followed immediately by intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB, 0.75 mg) in the right eye. On day 5, a remarkable regression of plus sign and fibrovascular proliferation was noted only in the right eye. At this point, additional laser treatment combined with IVB was given in the left eye, which dramatically resolved plus disease and neovascularization. At 10 weeks after IVB in the left eye, two sites of choroidal ruptures were revealed along the posterior edges of laser scars. There was no evidence of choroidal neovascularization associated with the choroidal ruptures. Choroidal rupture may occur shortly after laser ablation plus IVB treatment for aggressive posterior ROP. This occurrence requires recognition to determine whether it is actually related to the treatment. Long-term follow-up is important for understanding the nature and progression of this potentially serious complication. Journal of Perinatology (2010) 30, 497-499; doi: 10.1038/jp.2009.166 ISSN: 0743-8346 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2009.166 Record 496 of 726 Author(s): Krisnangkura, K (Krisnangkura, Kanit); Sansa-Ard, C (Sansa-ard, Chanida); Aryusuk, K (Aryusuk, Kornkanok); Lilitchan, S (Lilitchan, Supathra); Kittiratanapiboon, K (Kittiratanapiboon, Kanisa) Title: An empirical approach for predicting kinematic viscosities of biodiesel blends Source: FUEL, 89 (10): 2775-2780 OCT 2010 Abstract: Kinematic viscosity (eta) is an important property of diesel fuels, including biodiesels, which are marketed mostly as the blends in many countries around the world. In this study, the free energy of viscous flow (Delta G(vis)) for a non-associated liquid mixture is assumed to be the summed of DGvis of individual components. Hence, the Eyring's equation, eta = Ae(-Delta DG(vis)/RT), is transformed to ln eta(blend) = a + bn(1) + c/T + dn(1)/T (where, a, b, c and d, T and n(1) are thermodynamically related constants, absolute temperature and mole fraction of biodiesel, respectively). The transformed equation is used to predict kinematic viscosity of biodiesel blends (eta(blend)) of different degree of blending at any temperatures from pour point to 100 degrees C. The predicted kinematic viscosities are in good agreement with those reported in literatures at all temperatures. The highest deviation is +/- 5.4% and the average absolute deviation (AAD) is less than 2.86%. The transformed equation can also be used to predict kinematic viscosities of pure fatty acid methyl esters in diesel fuel. Methyl ricinoleate is an exception. The AAD is 4.50% and the deviation is as high as 12.80%. The high deviation suggests that molecular interactions between methyl ricinoleate and diesel fuel is high and cannot be ignored. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0016-2361 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.04.033 Record 497 of 726 Author(s): Bunchuailua, W (Bunchuailua, Waranee); Zuckerman, IH (Zuckerman, Ilene H.); Kulsomboon, V (Kulsomboon, Vithaya); Suwankesawong, W (Suwankesawong, Wimon); Singhasivanon, P (Singhasivanon, Pratap); Kaewkungwal, J (Kaewkungwal, Jaranit) Title: Detection of Adverse Drug Reaction Signals in the Thai FDA Database: Comparison Between Reporting Odds Ratio and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network Methods Source: DRUG INFORMATION JOURNAL, 44 (4): 393-403 JUL 2010 Abstract: The study aimed to compare performance between the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) methods in identifying serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using the Thai FDA spontaneous database. The two methods were retrospectively applied to identify new, serious ADRs reported with antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs using the data set between 1990 and 2006. We plotted the ROR and the information component against time to compare the differential timing of signal detection and the pattern of signaling over time between these methods. The ROR and the BCPNN methods identified the associations between ART drugs and serious ADRs at the same time. Both methods were similar in detecting the first signal of a potential ADR. However, the pattern of signaling seems relatively different with each method. Additional analyses of different drugs, ADRs, and databases will contribute to increase understanding of methods for post-marketing surveillance using spontaneous reporting system. ISSN: 0092-8615 Record 498 of 726 Author(s): Cholamjiak, W (Cholamjiak, Watcharaporn); Suantai, S (Suantai, Suthep) Title: A Hybrid Method for a Countable Family of Multivalued Maps, Equilibrium Problems, and Variational Inequality Problems Source: DISCRETE DYNAMICS IN NATURE AND SOCIETY: Art. No. 349158 2010 Abstract: We introduce a new monotone hybrid iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive multivalued maps, the set of solutions of variational inequality problem, and the set of the solutions of the equilibrium problem in a Hilbert space. Strong convergence theorems of the purposed iteration are established. ISSN: 1026-0226 Article Number: 349158 DOI: 10.1155/2010/349158 Record 499 of 726 Author(s): Pattarapanitchai, N (Pattarapanitchai, Naruemon); Tiensuwan, M (Tiensuwan, Montip); Riengrojpitak, S (Riengrojpitak, Suda) Title: A Retrospective Study on Homicidal Autopsy Cases at Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok Thailand Source: CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 37 (2): 282-292 MAY 2010 Abstract: Nowadays, the increasing incidence of homicide is worldwide and it is a matter of great concern all over the world including Thailand. The present study is aimed at a description of distributions of homicide and to find the association and risk ratio of personal characteristics of homicide victim cases for Thai people. A 5-year retrospective review of personal and medicolegal autopsy records was conducted at the Forensic Medicine Division in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University. A total of 218 cases of homicide victims autopsied during the study period spanning from January 2003 to December 2007 were identified. Data concerning age, gender, marital status, day and time of death, homicide methods, area of death, and the involvement of alcohol were analyzed. The results showed that homicidal victims were more likely to be male than female. The mean age of the victims was 32.14 years with standard deviation 13.67 years, although the most frequent age range was early adulthood (21-30 years). Blood alcohol was found in 102 cases (46.79%). Mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 71.59 mg/dL with standard deviation 101.59 mg/dL. Approximately 35% of all homicide victims had BAC >50 mg/dL (the legal limit). Gun shot was the favorite homicide method used for both male and female victims (32.11%, 3.21%). Most of the crimes were occurred during the night (33.94%) and evening (26.15%). The rainy season and Sundays were the most common times for homicide. There was significant association between gender and homicide methods at p-value < 0.01. In addition, night time proved to be a significant factor in relation to the occurrence of homicide at p-value < 0.01. Marital status associated homicide had more victims of the single and widowed status (OR = 1.63, 2.29). The daytime of weekdays showed that the number of homicide victims was nearly 1.2 times of weekends (OR = 1.197). ISSN: 0125-2526 Record 500 of 726 Author(s): Gauthier, S (Gauthier, Serge); Garcia, A (Garcia, Angela); Sano, M (Sano, Mary); Robert, P (Robert, Philippe); Senanarong, V (Senanarong, Vorapun); Woodward, M (Woodward, Michael); Brodaty, H (Brodaty, Henry) Title: Priorities for research consortia on Alzheimer's disease Source: ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA, 6 (4): 359-362 JUL 2010 Abstract: Coordination and harmonization of efforts between five major research consortia on Alzheimer's disease may increase our understanding of this condition and improve our therapeutic approaches. Specific opportunities include a registry for families with early onset dementia, a study registry, minimal data sets, validation of assessment tools and outcomes, update on ethical issues, resolution of methodological issues, new investigators training, longitudinal observation studies, prevention studies, and liaison with stakeholders such as Alzheimer Disease International. (C) 2010 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1552-5260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.2017 Record 501 of 726 Author(s): Syhavong, B (Syhavong, Bounkong); Rasachack, B (Rasachack, Bouachanh); Smythe, L (Smythe, Lee); Rolain, JM (Rolain, Jean-Marc); Roque-Afonso, AM (Roque-Afonso, Anne-Marie); Jenjaroen, K (Jenjaroen, Kemajittra); Soukkhaserm, V (Soukkhaserm, Vimone); Phongmany, S (Phongmany, Simmaly); Phetsouvanh, R (Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone); Soukkhaserm, S (Soukkhaserm, Sune); Thammavong, T (Thammavong, Te); Mayxay, M (Mayxay, Mayfong); Blacksell, SD (Blacksell, Stuart D.); Barnes, E (Barnes, Eleanor); Parola, P (Parola, Philippe); Dussaix, E (Dussaix, Elisabeth); Raoult, D (Raoult, Didier); Humphreys, I (Humphreys, Isla); Klenerman, P (Klenerman, Paul); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.); Newton, PN (Newton, Paul N.) Title: The infective causes of hepatitis and jaundice amongst hospitalised patients in Vientiane, Laos Source: TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 104 (7): 475-483 JUL 2010 Abstract: There is little information on the diverse infectious causes of jaundice and hepatitis in the Asiatic tropics. Serology (hepatitis A. B, C and E, leptospirosis, dengue, rickettsia), antigen tests (dengue), PCR assays (hepatitis A, C and E) and blood cultures (septicaemia) were performed on samples from 392 patients admitted with jaundice or raised transaminases (>= x 3) to Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos over 3 years. Conservative definitions suggested diagnoses of dengue (8.4%), rickettsioses (7.3%), leptospirosis (6.8%), hepatitis B (4.9%), hepatitis C (4.9%), community-acquired septicaemia (3.3%) and hepatitis E (1.6%). Although anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibody results suggested that 35.8% of patients had acute HAV infections, anti-HAV IgG antibody avidity and HAV PCR suggested that 82% had polyclonal activation and not acute HAV infections. Scrub typhus, murine typhus or leptospirosis were present in 12.8% of patients and were associated with meningism and relatively low AST and ALT elevation. These patients would be expected to respond to empirical doxycycline therapy which, in the absence of virological diagnosis and treatment, may be an appropriate cost-effective intervention in Lao patients with jaundice/hepatitis. (C) 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0035-9203 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.03.002 Record 502 of 726 Author(s): Liao, JC (Liao, Jen-Chung); Fan, KF (Fan, Kuo-Fon); Keorochana, G (Keorochana, Gun); Chen, WJ (Chen, Wen-Jer); Chen, LH (Chen, Lih-Hui) Title: Transpedicular Grafting After Short-Segment Pedicle Instrumentation for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Calcium Sulfate Cement Versus Autogenous Iliac Bone Graft Source: SPINE, 35 (15): 1482-1488 JUL 1 2010 Abstract: Study Design. A retrospective clinical and radiographic study was performed. Objective. To compare 2 grafting materials of anterior augmentation for thoracolumbar burst fractures: transpedicular cancellous bone ( TPCB) grafting and transpedicular calcium sulfate grafting and to decide whether calcium sulfate cement can replace autogenous cancellous bone applied in anterior vertebral body augmentation after posterior short-segment instrumentation. Summary of Background Data. Additional TPCB grafting was developed as an alternative to prevent early implant failure. However, the results are inconsistent and donor-site complications are a major concern. Calcium sulfate has been offered as a bone substitute for treating patients with metaphysis fractures or bone defect, but the results of application in spinal surgeries are uncertain. Methods. Fifty-one patients with a single-level thoracolumbar burst fracture for treatment with short-segment pedicle screw fixation were enrolled in the study. Fractures in group 1 patients were reinforced with TPCB (n = 31), and fractures in group 2 patients were augmented with transpedicular calcium sulfate cement (TPCSC; n = 20). All patients were followed-up at least 2 years after surgery. Radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Results. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, fracture levels, preoperative neurologic status distribution, and the associated injuries. The TPCB group had a longer period of follow-up (52.7 +/- 4.9 vs. 28.6 +/- 3.5 months, P < 0.001). Blood loss and operation time were less in the TPCSC group (247.5 +/- 164.2 vs. 600.0 +/- 403.1 mL, P = 0.001 and 161.7 +/- 28.5 vs. 227.2 +/- 43.6 minutes, P < 0.001). Radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were similar in both groups. The TPCSC group had no surgical complication, but the TPCB group revealed 2 cases with wound infection after surgery. The failure rate, defined as an increase of 10 or more in loss of correction or implant failure, was also not significantly different (TPCB = 9.6% and TPCSC = 15%; P = 0.565). All patients with partial neurologic deficits initially improved at the final follow-up. Conclusion. Additional TPCB grafting after posterior short-segment instrumentation remains a reliable surgical method for correcting and maintaining sagittal alignment and vertebral body height in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Calcium sulfate cement also proved to be an effective bone substitute used in spinal surgeries for patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. ISSN: 0362-2436 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c176f8 Record 503 of 726 Author(s): Lawaly, YR (Lawaly, Yaye Ramatoulaye); Sakuntabhai, A (Sakuntabhai, Anavaj); Marrama, L (Marrama, Laurence); Konate, L (Konate, Lassana); Phimpraphi, W (Phimpraphi, Waraphon); Sokhna, C (Sokhna, Cheikh); Tall, A (Tall, Adama); Sarr, FD (Sarr, Fatoumata Diene); Peerapittayamongkol, C (Peerapittayamongkol, Chayanon); Louicharoen, C (Louicharoen, Chalisa); Schneider, BS (Schneider, Bradley S.); Levescot, A (Levescot, Anais); Talman, A (Talman, Arthur); Casademont, I (Casademont, Isabelle); Menard, D (Menard, Didier); Trape, JF (Trape, Jean-Francois); Rogier, C (Rogier, Christophe); Kaewkunwal, J (Kaewkunwal, Jaranit); Sura, T (Sura, Thanyachai); Nuchprayoon, I (Nuchprayoon, Issarang); Ariey, F (Ariey, Frederic); Baril, L (Baril, Laurence); Singhasivanon, P (Singhasivanon, Pratap); Mercereau-Puijalon, O (Mercereau-Puijalon, Odile); Paul, R (Paul, Rick) Title: Heritability of the Human Infectious Reservoir of Malaria Parasites Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (6): Art. No. e11358 JUN 29 2010 Abstract: Background: Studies on human genetic factors associated with malaria have hitherto concentrated on their role in susceptibility to and protection from disease. In contrast, virtually no attention has been paid to the role of human genetics in eliciting the production of parasite transmission stages, the gametocytes, and thus enhancing the spread of disease. Methods and Findings: We analysed four longitudinal family-based cohort studies from Senegal and Thailand followed for 2-8 years and evaluated the relative impact of the human genetic and non-genetic factors on gametocyte production in infections of Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. Prevalence and density of gametocyte carriage were evaluated in asymptomatic and symptomatic infections by examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears and/or RT-PCR (for falciparum in one site). A significant human genetic contribution was found to be associated with gametocyte prevalence in asymptomatic P. falciparum infections. By contrast, there was no heritability associated with the production of gametocytes for P. falciparum or P. vivax symptomatic infections. Sickle cell mutation, HbS, was associated with increased gametocyte prevalence but its contribution was small. Conclusions: The existence of a significant human genetic contribution to gametocyte prevalence in asymptomatic infections suggests that candidate gene and genome wide association approaches may be usefully applied to explore the underlying human genetics. Prospective epidemiological studies will provide an opportunity to generate novel and perhaps more epidemiologically pertinent gametocyte data with which similar analyses can be performed and the role of human genetics in parasite transmission ascertained. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e11358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011358 Record 504 of 726 Author(s): Limmathurotsakul, D (Limmathurotsakul, Direk); Wuthiekanun, V (Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn); Chantratita, N (Chantratita, Narisara); Wongsuvan, G (Wongsuvan, Gumphol); Amornchai, P (Amornchai, Premjit); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.) Title: Burkholderia pseudomallei Is Spatially Distributed in Soil in Northeast Thailand Source: PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 4 (6): Art. No. e694 JUN 2010 Abstract: Background: Melioidosis is a frequently fatal infectious disease caused by the soil dwelling Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Environmental sampling is important to identify geographical distribution of the organism and related risk of infection to humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate spatial distribution of B. pseudomallei in soil and consider the implications of this for soil sampling strategies. Methods and Findings: A fixed-interval sampling strategy was used as the basis for detection and quantitation by culture of B. pseudomallei in soil in two environmental sites (disused land covered with low-lying scrub and rice field) in northeast Thailand. Semivariogram and indicator semivariogram were used to evaluate the distribution of B. pseudomallei and its relationship with range between sampling points. B. pseudomallei was present on culture of 80/100 sampling points taken from the disused land and 28/100 sampling points from the rice field. The median B. pseudomallei cfu/gram from positive sampling points was 378 and 700 for the disused land and the rice field, respectively (p = 0.17). Spatial autocorrelation of B. pseudomallei was present, in that samples taken from areas adjacent to sampling points that were culture positive (negative) for B. pseudomallei were also likely to be culture positive (negative), and samples taken from areas adjacent to sampling points with a high (low) B. pseudomallei count were also likely to yield a high (low) count. Ranges of spatial autocorrelation in quantitative B. pseudomallei count were 11.4 meters in the disused land and 7.6 meters in the rice field. Conclusions: We discuss the implications of the uneven distribution of B. pseudomallei in soil for future environmental studies, and describe a range of established geostatistical sampling approaches that would be suitable for the study of B. pseudomallei that take account of our findings. ISSN: 1935-2727 Article Number: e694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000694 Record 505 of 726 Author(s): Stow, NW (Stow, Nicholas W.); Douglas, R (Douglas, Richard); Tantilipikorn, P (Tantilipikorn, Pongsakorn); Lacroix, JS (Lacroix, Jean Silvain) Title: Superantigens Source: OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 43 (3): 489-+ JUN 2010 Abstract: Superantigens (SAgs) are derived from diverse sources, including bacteria, viruses, and human hepatic tissue. SAgs initially cause lymphocyte activation but then result in clonal deletion and anergy, leading to immune tolerance. They can also act as superallergens by stimulating a broad spectrum of mast cells and basophils in patients with allergic conditions. The newly described staphylococcal SAg-like proteins subvert innate immune function by several mechanisms, which are distinct from SAgs' effects on lymphocytes and other acquired immune processes. There is mounting evidence to suggest that SAgs play a role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway disease. The pathophysiologic role of SAg-like proteins awaits clarification. ISSN: 0030-6665 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2010.02.008 Record 506 of 726 Author(s): Wittayacom, K (Wittayacom, Kanjana); Uthaipibull, C (Uthaipibull, Chairat); Kumpornsin, K (Kumpornsin, Krittikorn); Tinikul, R (Tinikul, Ruchanok); Kochakarn, T (Kochakarn, Theerarat); Songprakhon, P (Songprakhon, Pucharee); Chookajorn, T (Chookajorn, Thanat) Title: A nuclear targeting system in Plasmodium falciparum Source: MALARIA JOURNAL, 9: Art. No. 126 MAY 14 2010 Abstract: Background: The distinct differences in gene control mechanisms acting in the nucleus between Plasmodium falciparum and the human host could lead to new potential drug targets for anti-malarial development. New molecular toolkits are required for dissecting molecular machineries in the P. falciparum nucleus. One valuable tool commonly used in model organisms is protein targeting to specific sub-cellular locations. Targeting proteins to specified locations allows labeling of organelles for microscopy, or testing of how the protein of interest modulates organelle function. In recent years, this approach has been developed for various malaria organelles, such as the mitochondrion and the apicoplast. A tool for targeting a protein of choice to the P. falciparum nucleus using an exogenous nuclear localization sequence is reported here. Methods: To develop a nuclear targeting system, a putative nuclear localization sequence was fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). The nuclear localization sequence from the yeast transcription factor Gal4 was chosen because of its well-defined nuclear localization signal. A series of truncated Gal4 constructs was also created to narrow down the nuclear localization sequence necessary for P. falciparum nuclear import. Transfected parasites were analysed by fluorescent and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Results: The nuclear localization sequence of Gal4 is functional in P. falciparum. It effectively transported GFP into the nucleus, and the first 74 amino acid residues were sufficient for nuclear localization. Conclusions: The Gal4 fusion technique enables specific transport of a protein of choice into the P. falciparum nucleus, and thus provides a tool for labeling nuclei without using DNA-staining dyes. The finding also indicates similarities between the nuclear transport mechanisms of yeast and P. falciparum. Since the nuclear transport system has been thoroughly studied in yeast, this could give clues to research on the same mechanism in P. falciparum. ISSN: 1475-2875 Article Number: 126 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-126 Record 507 of 726 Author(s): Lawpoolsri, S (Lawpoolsri, Saranath); Chavez, IF (Chavez, Irwin F.); Yimsamran, S (Yimsamran, Surapon); Puangsa-art, S (Puangsa-art, Supalap); Thanyavanich, N (Thanyavanich, Nipon); Maneeboonyang, W (Maneeboonyang, Wanchai); Chaimungkun, W (Chaimungkun, Wuthichai); Singhasivanon, P (Singhasivanon, Pratap); Maguire, JH (Maguire, James H.); Hungerford, LL (Hungerford, Laura L.) Title: The impact of human reservoir of malaria at a community-level on individual malaria occurrence in a low malaria transmission setting along the Thai-Myanmar border Source: MALARIA JOURNAL, 9: Art. No. 143 MAY 26 2010 Abstract: Background: The probability of contracting malaria in a given individual is determined not only by the individual's characteristics, but also the ecological factors that characterize the level of human-vector contact in the population. Examination of the relationship between "individual" and "supra-individual" variables over time is important for understanding the local malaria epidemiology. This is essential for planning effective intervention strategies specifically for each location. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, which followed a community-cohort of about 3,500 residents in seven hamlets along the Thai-Myanmar border between 1999 and 2006. Potential malaria determinants measured at different levels (temporal variables, individual variables, and hamlet variables) were incorporated into multilevel models to estimate their effects on an individual's risk of malaria attack. Results: The monthly minimum temperature was significantly associated with the seasonal variation of malaria risk. An individual risk of malaria attack decreased by about 50% during the period that active surveillance was conducted; an additional 15% and 25% reduction of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax incidence, respectively, was observed after the use of artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy (ACT) for treatment of P. falciparum. Male children (age < 16 years old) were at highest risk of both P. falciparum and P. vivax attack. An increase in the hamlet's incidence of P. falciparum and P. vivax by 1 per 100 persons in a previous month resulted in 1.14 and 1.34 times increase in the risk of P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively, among individuals in a particular hamlet. Conclusion: In a small area with low malaria transmission intensity, the variation in mosquito abundance is relatively similar across the residential areas; incidence of malaria between hamlets, which reflects the community level of human infectious reservoirs, is an important predictor for the malaria risk among individuals within these hamlets. Therefore, local malaria control strategies should focus on interventions that aim to reduce the gametocyte carriage in the population, such as early detection and treatment programmes and the use of ACT for P. falciparum. ISSN: 1475-2875 Article Number: 143 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-143 Record 508 of 726 Author(s): Kim, YM (Kim, Yu-Mi); Kim-Lohsoontorn, P (Kim-Lohsoontorn, Pattaraporn); Bae, J (Bae, Joongmyeon) Title: Effect of unsintered gadolinium-doped ceria buffer layer on performance of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells using unsintered barium strontium cobalt ferrite cathode Source: JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 195 (19): 6420-6427 OCT 1 2010 Abstract: In this study, a Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 (GDC) buffer layer and a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) cathode, fabricated without pre-sintering, are investigated (unsintered GDC and unsintered BSCF). The effect of the unsintered GDC buffer layer, including the thickness of the layer, on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using an unsintered BSCF cathode is studied. The maximum power density of the metal-supported SOFC using an unsintered BSCF cathode without a buffer layer is 0.81 W cm(-2), which is measured after 2 h of operation (97% H-2 and 3% H2O at the anode and ambient air at the cathode), and it significantly decreases to 0.63 W cm(-2) after 50h. At a relatively low temperature of 800 degrees C, SrZrO3 and BaZrO3, arising from interaction between BSCF and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), are detected after 50h. Introducing a GDC interlayer between the cathode and electrolyte significantly increases the durability of the cell performance, supporting over 1000 h of cell usage with an unsintered GDC buffer layer. Comparable performance is obtained from the anode-supported cell when using an unsintered BSCF cathode with an unsintered GDC buffer layer (0.75W cm(-2)) and sintered GDC buffer layer (0.82W cm(-2)). When a sintered BSCF cathode is used, however, the performance increases to 1.23 W cm(-2). The adhesion between the BSCF cathode and the cell can be enhanced by an unsintered GDC buffer layer, but an increase in the layer thickness (1-6 mu m) increases the area specific resistance (ASR) of the cell, and the overly thick buffer layer causes delamination of the BSCF cathode. Finally, the maximum power densities of the metal-supported SOFC using an unsintered BSCF cathode and unsintered GDC buffer layer are 0.78, 0.64, 0.45 and 0.31 W cm(-2) at 850, 800, 750 and 700 degrees C, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0378-7753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.095 Record 509 of 726 Author(s): Apipan, B (Apipan, Benjamas); Rummasak, D (Rummasak, Duangdee) Title: Efficacy and Safety of Oral Propranolol Premedication to Reduce Reflex Tachycardia During Hypotensive Anesthesia With Sodium Nitroprusside in Orthognathic Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Source: JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, 68 (1): 120-124 JAN 2010 Abstract: Purpose: The present study sought to determine whether premedication with oral propranolol 10 mg before hypotensive anesthesia with sodium nitroprusside could reduce reflex tachycardia, the amount of sodium nitroprusside used, and blood loss during hypotensive anesthesia for orthognathic surgery. Patients and Methods: A total of 60 patients undergoing bimaxillary surgery were studied in a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study of oral propranolol 10 mg or placebo as premedication before hypotensive anesthesia with sodium nitroprusside. Hemodynamic variables, the amount of sodium nitroprusside used, and blood loss were statistically analyzed. Results: The heart rate and amount of sodium nitroprusside used were highly significantly less (P < .01) in the propranolol group, but no significant difference was found in blood loss between the 2 groups. No clinically significant complications were observed in either group. Conclusion: Premedication with oral propranolol 10 mg before hypotensive anesthesia with sodium nitroprusside is safe and effective to reduce reflex tachycardia and the amount of sodium nitroprusside used. (C) 2010 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:120-124, 2010 ISSN: 0278-2391 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.065 Record 510 of 726 Author(s): Utriyaprasit, K (Utriyaprasit, Ketsarin); Moore, SM (Moore, Shirley M.); Chaiseri, P (Chaiseri, Praditchai) Title: Recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery: effect of an audiotape information programme Source: JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, 66 (8): 1747-1759 AUG 2010 Abstract: P>Title. Recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery: effect of an audiotape information programme. Aim. The aim of the study was to test the effect of an audiotape giving concrete objective information and strategies to reduce symptoms, psychological distress and enhance physical functioning in patients having coronary artery bypass grafts. Background. The period following hospital discharge is stressful for patients having coronary artery bypass grafts. Evident-based interventions are needed to improve outcomes in Thai populations following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted during 2004-2005. A sample of 120 Thai patients having coronary artery bypass grafts was randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group was given an information audiotape the day prior to hospital discharge, and encouraged to listen to it as many times as necessary. Participants were interviewed using validated instruments predischarge and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after discharge. Findings. Participants in the intervention group had statistically significantly fewer symptoms of shoulder, back or neck pain and lack of appetite, and increased physical activity after discharge, compared to the control group. This effect remained statistically significant after controlling for age, gender, co-morbidity and presurgical cardiac functional status. However, no statistically significant difference in psychological distress was observed. Conclusion. Nurses can use an audiotape containing preparatory information to improve outcomes for patients having coronary artery bypass grafts during the few weeks after discharge from hospital. Further studies are recommended to improve its effect on psychological distress. ISSN: 0309-2402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05334.x Record 511 of 726 Author(s): Rattanapan, C (Rattanapan, Cheerawit); Kantachote, D (Kantachote, Duangporn); Yan, R (Yan, Rong); Boonsawang, P (Boonsawang, Piyarat) Title: Hydrogen sulfide removal using granular activated carbon biofiltration inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis T307 isolated from concentrated latex wastewater Source: INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION, 64 (5): 383-387 AUG 2010 Abstract: A novel biofiltration of pure culture was developed for H2S removal from synthetic biogas using Alcaligenes faecalis T307 immobilized on granular activated carbon (GAC) as packing materials. The effect of operating parameters, including inlet H2S concentration, H2S flow rate, air flow rate, and height of media on the removal efficiency, was evaluated, together with a product analysis during long-term operation. Besides, the kinetics analysis of biofiltration was also studied. The experiment was performed in three biofilters. Biofilters A and B were packed with 20 and 40 cm of A. faecalis T307 immobilized GAC, respectively. Biofilter C as a control set was packed with 40 cm of the GAC without cell immobilization. The result showed that H2S removal efficiency of biofilters with A. faecalis T307 immobilized GAC was higher than 95% at high inlet concentrations (200-4000 ppm). Moreover, the complete H2S removal (100%) was found in biofilters A and B at H2S and air flow rate of 35 and 5.86 I h(-1), respectively. Product analysis of biofilters with A. faecalis T307 immobilized GAC was performed during the long-term operation (60 days). It was found that the major product was elemental sulfur and there was only a little of sulfate ions formed. In addition, the height of media did not significantly affect the H2S removal efficiency when the oxygen was sufficient at air flow rate of 5.8 I h(-1). Furthermore, in kinetic analysis, the maximum removal rate and saturation constant of H2S were calculated to be V-m = 1.1 kg m(-3) s(-1) and K-s = 5.2 g m(-3), respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0964-8305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.04.005 Record 512 of 726 Author(s): Poothong, J (Poothong, Juthakorn); Sopha, P (Sopha, Pattarawut); Kaufman, RJ (Kaufman, Randal J.); Tirasophon, W (Tirasophon, Witoon) Title: Domain compatibility in Ire1 kinase is critical for the unfolded protein response Source: FEBS LETTERS, 584 (14): 3203-3208 JUL 16 2010 Abstract: The unfolded protein response is a mechanism to cope with endoplasmic reticulum stress. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ire1 senses the stress and mediates a signaling cascade to upregulate responsive genes through an unusual HAC1 mRNA splicing. The splicing requires interconnected activity (kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase)) of Ire1 to cleave HAC1 mRNA at the non-canonical splice sites before translation into Hac1 transcription factor. Analysis of the truncated kinase domain from Ire1 homologs revealed that this domain is highly conserved. Characterization by domain swapping indicated that a functional ATP/ADP binding domain is minimally required. However the overall domain compatibility is critical for eliciting its full RNase function. (C) 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-5793 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.003 Record 513 of 726 Author(s): Thasana, N (Thasana, Nopporn); Prapagdee, B (Prapagdee, Benjaphorn); Rangkadilok, N (Rangkadilok, Nuchanart); Sallabhan, R (Sallabhan, Ratiboot); Aye, SL (Aye, Seaim Lwin); Ruchirawat, S (Ruchirawat, Somsak); Loprasert, S (Loprasert, Suvit) Title: Bacillus subtilis SSE4 produces subtulene A, a new lipopeptide antibiotic possessing an unusual C15 unsaturated beta-amino acid Source: FEBS LETTERS, 584 (14): 3209-3214 JUL 16 2010 Abstract: Subtulene A, a new cyclic lipopeptide, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus subtilis SSE4. This antibiotic compound contained the seven common alpha-amino acids, L-Asn-1, D-Tyr-2, D-Asn-3, L-Gln-4, L-Pro-5, D-Asn-6, L-Ser-7 and the unique beta-amino acid-8 present in the iturin family. 1D and 2D NMR, as well as MS analyses, identified the beta-amino acid as 3-amino-13-methyltetradec-8-enoic acid, an Iso C15 long chain beta-amino acid. B. subtilis SSE4 was also found to produce iturin A. B. subtilis SSE4 culture filtrate exhibited both antifungal and antibacterial activities. (C) 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0014-5793 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.005 Record 514 of 726 Author(s): Nantakomol, D (Nantakomol, Duangdao); Nuchnoi, P (Nuchnoi, Pornlada); Noulsri, E (Noulsri, Egarit); Lerdwana, S (Lerdwana, Surada); Krisin, S (Krisin, Sririma); Chanprasert, S (Chanprasert, Supantitra); Pattanapanyasat, K (Pattanapanyasat, Kovit) Title: Enumeration of the Absolute CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count by Cell-Bead Assay Source: CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY, 78B (4): 260-266 JUL 2010 Abstract: Background: We have previously developed an alternative approach for undertaking absolute cell counting based upon flow-rate calibration using cell bead (FCB), in which cell bead (CB) can be used as a flow-rate calibration material for generating the absolute microparticle counts. Here, we extended our work of counting CD4+ T-lymphocytes in HIV-infected blood samples with the FCB method. Methods: CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in EDTA blood samples from 30 healthy subjects and 80 HIV-1-infected patients were determined using TriTEST reagent. The absolute CD4+ T-lymphocytes were measured by FCB, and the results were compared with the absolute counting by commercial latex bead (CLB) or with flow rate-based calibration method (FR). Statistical correlation and agreement were analyzed using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in the absolute number of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts enumerated by FCB when compared with those two reference methods (CLB and FR). The absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts obtained from FCB method was highly correlated with those obtained from CLB [r(2) = 0.99, y = 1.04x - 12.37, P < 0.001, and mean bias 11.96 cell/mu l, limit of agreement (LOA) -57.82 - 81.74 cell/mu l], FR method (r(2) = 0.98; y = 0.97x - 3.13, P < 0.001, and mean bias -24.15 cell/mu l, LOA - 114.44 - 66.13 cell/mu l). Conclusions: The use of FCB is comparable with the use of CLB and FR. This approach showed the effective in reducing cost for generating the absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. Such an approach should facilitate and ensure the success of the ongoing antiretroviral therapy program in resource-limited countries. (C) 2010 Clinical cytometry Society ISSN: 1552-4949 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20518 Record 515 of 726 Author(s): Chuen-Im, T (Chuen-Im, Thanaporn); Areekijseree, M (Areekijseree, Mayuva); Chongthammakun, S (Chongthammakun, Sukumal); Graham, SV (Graham, Sheila V.) Title: Aerobic Bacterial Infections in Captive Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Thailand Source: CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY, 9 (1): 135-142 JUN 2010 Abstract: Investigation of the total of 53 juvenile sea turtles (30 green turtles and 23 hawksbill turtles) found signs of several clinical diseases. Ultrastructure and histological observation of these tissues revealed that they were infected with one type of yeast and numerous bacteria. Using aerobic microbiological culture techniques, 10 types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were identified, which may be responsible for disease and subsequent death of juvenile sea turtles at the conservation center. ISSN: 1071-8443 Record 516 of 726 Author(s): Burana-osot, J (Burana-osot, Jankana); Soonthornchareonnon, N (Soonthornchareonnon, Noppamas); Hosoyama, S (Hosoyama, Saori); Linhardt, RJ (Linhardt, Robert J.); Toida, T (Toida, Toshihiko) Title: Partial depolymerization of pectin by a photochemical reaction Source: CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH, 345 (9): 1205-1210 JUN 16 2010 Abstract: Complex heterogeneous polysaccharides that comprise pectin were partially depolymerized by a photochemical reaction using ultraviolet light in the presence of titanium dioxide catalyst. In a period of 6 h at pH 7, this UV/TiO2 process decreased the average molecular weight of pectin from 400 kDa to 200 kDa. The characterization of the partially depolymerized pectin, which was fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography, was performed by H-1 NMR spectroscopy, and the spectra obtained showed that the resulting oligosaccharides and polysaccharides maintained the intact core structure of pectin. The monosaccharide content and depolymerization profile were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. This controlled photochemical depolymerization technique might be useful for preparation of pectin oligosaccharides as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0008-6215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.04.007 Record 517 of 726 Author(s): Thammachat, S (Thammachat, Siriya); Pungtanom, N (Pungtanom, Nuanwan); Kidsanguan, S (Kidsanguan, Somruathai); Pathaichindachote, W (Pathaichindachote, Wanwarang); Promdonkoy, B (Promdonkoy, Boonhiang); Krittanai, C (Krittanai, Chartchai) Title: Amino acid substitution on beta 1 and alpha F of Cyt2Aa2 affects molecular interaction of protoxin Source: BMB REPORTS, 43 (6): 427-431 JUN 30 2010 Abstract: Cyt2Aa2 is a mosquito-larvicidal protein produced as a 29 kDa crystalline protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. To become an active toxin, proteolytic processing is required to remove amino acids from its N- and C-termini. This study aims to investigate the functional role of amino acid residues on the N-terminal beta 1 and C-terminal alpha F of Cyt2Aa2 protoxin. Mutant protoxins were constructed, characterized and compared to the wild type Cyt2Aa2. Protein expression data and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that substitution at leucine-33 (L33) of beta 1 has a critical effect on dimer formation and structural stability against proteases. In addition, amino acids N230 and I233-F237 around the C-terminus alpha F demonstrated a crucial role in protecting the protoxin from proteolytic digestion. These results suggested that beta 1 and alpha F on the Nand C-terminal ends of Cyt2Aa2 protoxin play an important role in the molecular interaction and in maintaining the structural stability of the protoxin. [BMB reports 2010; 43(6): 427-431] ISSN: 1976-6696 Record 518 of 726 Author(s): Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha); Tangpukdee, N (Tangpukdee, Noppadon); Wilairatana, P (Wilairatana, Polrat); Pothipak, N (Pothipak, Nantaporn); Duangdee, C (Duangdee, Chatnapa); Warrell, DA (Warrell, David A.); Looareesuwant, S (Looareesuwant, Sornchai) Title: Intravenous Ibuprofen (IV-ibuprofen) Controls Fever Effectively in Adults with Acute Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria but Prolongs Parasitemia Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 83 (1): 51-55 JUL 2010 Abstract: Because some febrile patients are unable to swallow or retain oral antipyretic drugs, we carried out a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which intravenous ibuprofen (IV-ibuprofen) was given to adults hospitalized with fever associated with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with oral artesunate plus mefloquine. Thirty patients received IV-ibuprofen 400 mg and 30 received placebo every 6 hours for 72 hours. Reduction in the area above 37.0 degrees C versus time curve was significantly greater for IV-ibuprofen than for placebo during the first 72 hours after first administration. No patients developed severe malaria; parasite clearance was delayed in the patients whose fevers were controlled by IV-ibuprofen (median 37.3 hours versus 23.7 hours in the placebo group [P = 0.0024]). This difference did not appear to be clinically important Adverse events, none considered severe, occurred equally in both groups. IV-ibuprofen was effective and well tolerated in reducing fever in febrile inpatients with malaria. ISSN: 0002-9637 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0621 Record 519 of 726 Author(s): Chuaychoo, B (Chuaychoo, Benjamas); Wongsurakiat, P (Wongsurakiat, Phunsup); Nana, A (Nana, Arth); Kositanont, U (Kositanont, Uraiwan); Maranetra, KN (Maranetra, Khun Nanta) Title: The immunogenicity of intradermal influenza vaccination in COPD patients Source: VACCINE, 28 (24): 4045-4051 MAY 28 2010 Abstract: We evaluated the immunogenicity of a reduced-dose intradermal trivalent, inactivated, split-virion seasonal influenza vaccine compared to that of a conventional intramuscular vaccination in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. One hundred and fifty-six COPD patients randomly received either 0.2 ml (6 mu g hemagglutinin (HA) per strain) split into two-site intradermal (ID) injections or a single 0.5 ml (15 mu g HA per strain) intramuscular (IM) injection. Geometric mean titers, seroconversion factors, seroconversion rates and seroprotection rates at 4 weeks post-vaccination in the ID group were less than those in the IM group. Only the seroconversion factor to influenza B in the ID group was statistically less than in the IM group (18.8 in the ID group, n = 81 versus 37.3 in the IM group, n = 75. p = 0.045). Nevertheless, each strain of the ID vaccination met all the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) criteria. Seroprotection rates were above 60% throughout the year in influenza A (H3N2), for at least 6 months in influenza A (H1N1) and at least 4 weeks in influenza B in both ID and IM groups. The reduced-dose intradermal vaccination may be considered for use in COPD patients in a vaccine shortage situation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0264-410X DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.006 Record 520 of 726 Author(s): Pitisuttithum, P (Pitisuttithum, Punnee); Choopanya, K (Choopanya, Kachit); Rerk-Ngnam, S (Rerk-Ngnam, Supachai) Title: HIV-vaccine Research and Development in Thailand: Evolution and challenges Source: VACCINE, 28: B45-B49 Suppl. 2 MAY 26 2010 Abstract: Thailand has been committed to HIV-Vaccine Research and Development since the launch of its National Plan, in 1993. Series of phase I/II trials, and two phase III clinical trials, have been conducted. The first efficacy trial was conducted with a high-risk group, injecting drug users (IDUs), and the second involved communities in the Eastern-seaboard provinces of Thailand. Both involved similar challenges in terms of infrastructure strengthening, capacity building, implementing the trials into the existing health system, staffing, and commitments. However, there were different issues in recruitment process, follow up, social impact events and community involvement since the target participants were different. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0264-410X DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.061 Record 521 of 726 Author(s): Wilairatana, P (Wilairatana, Polrat); Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha); Tangpukdee, N (Tangpukdee, Noppadon) Title: VITAMIN K INJECTION IN SPONTANEOUS BLEEDING AND COAGULOPATHY IN SEVERE MALARIA: PROS AND CONS Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 514-516 MAY 2010 Abstract: Not all clinicians give vitamin K to severe malaria patients with systemic bleeding. Vitamin K injections may not be useful to stop bleeding in severe malaria patients with predominant hepatocellular jaundice. However, vitamin K may be justified in bleeding patients who have prolonged fasting of more than 3-7 days, underlying malnutrition, or predominant cholestatic jaundice. The decision to give vitamin K to severe malaria patients with systemic bleeding should be based on underlying diseases, type of jaundice, risk for vitamin K deficiency, and allergy to the drug. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 522 of 726 Author(s): Changbunjong, T (Changbunjong, Tanasak); Jirapattharasate, C (Jirapattharasate, Charoonluk); Buddhirongawatr, R (Buddhirongawatr, Ruangrat); Chewajon, K (Chewajon, Kacha); Charoenyongyoo, P (Charoenyongyoo, Pavinee); Suwanapakdee, S (Suwanapakdee, Sarin); Waengsothorn, S (Waengsothorn, Surachit); Triwitayakorn, K (Triwitayakorn, Kanokporn); Chaichoun, K (Chaichoun, Kridsada); Ratanakorn, P (Ratanakorn, Parntep) Title: ECTOPARASITIC FAUNA OF BIRDS, AND VOLANT AND NON-VOLANT SMALL MAMMALS CAPTURED AT SRINAKARIN DAM, KANCHANABURI, THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 526-535 MAY 2010 Abstract: The investigation of ectoparasitic fauna on birds, and volant and non-volant small mammals at Srinakarin Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand was carried out under a national biodiversity and disease surveillance program for four consecutive months: January, February, May and June 2009. A total of 122 animals, comprised of 15 species of birds, 9 species of volant small mammals and 8 species of non-volant small mammals were examined for ectoparasite infestation. Of these animals, 1 genus of hard ticks (Ixodidae), 2 species of mesostigmatid mites (Laelapidae), 4 genera in three families of astigmatid mites (Proctophyllodidae, Pteronyssidae and Trouessartiidae), 4 species in three families of lice (Philopteridae, Polyplacidae and Trichodectidae) and 2 families of batflies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) were collected. This is the first survey conducted to determine ectoparasites infesting birds and small mammals living in the reserved forest of Srinakarin Dam, Thailand. A lower infestation rate of ectoparasites was observed in mammals, ranging from 3.5% to 10.3% than birds, with infestation rates between 7.3% and 34.2%. No major potential health risks to people who lived in this area were found. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 523 of 726 Author(s): Sumruayphol, S (Sumruayphol, Suchada); Apiwathnasorn, C (Apiwathnasorn, Chamnarn); Komalamisra, N (Komalamisra, Narumon); Ruangsittichai, J (Ruangsittichai, Jiraporn); Samung, Y (Samung, Yudthana); Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr, P (Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr, Porntip) Title: BIONOMIC STATUS OF ANOPHELES EPIROTICUS LINTON & HARBACH, A COASTAL MALARIA VECTOR, IN RAYONG PROVINCE, THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 541-547 MAY 2010 Abstract: A longitudinal entomological survey was conducted to provide in-depth information on An. epiroticus and determine whether ecological and entomological factors could influence malaria transmission in Rayong Province, Thailand. The mosquitoes were collected monthly from May 2007 to April 2008 by human landing catch technique from 6:00-12:00 PM for 2 consecutive nights, at 3 collection sites. A total of 3,048 mosquitoes within 5 species were captured: An. epiroticus, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedemann, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus Skuse. PCR was used for molecular identification of An. sundaicus complex, by determination of COI, ITS2, and D3 genes. The target mosquitoes were An. epiroticus, which was the predominant species, accounting for 43.8% of specimens collected. The biting cycle pattern increased during 6:00-8:00 PM and reached a maximum of 6.6 bites/person/hour by 12:00 Pm. The mosquitoes varied in population density throughout the year. The highest biting rate was 37.6 bites/person/half night in September and the lowest (10.2 bites/person/half night) in January. Nested PCR and real-time PCR techniques were used to detect the malaria parasite in An. epiroticus adult females. Nine of 926 (0.97%) mosquitoes tested were malaria parasite positive: 6 P. falciparum and 3 P. vivax. The infective mosquitoes were found in the dry and early rainy seasons. The overall annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) in the village was 76.6. The overall parity rate was 74%. A total of 38 cement tanks were used to characterize the nature of the breeding places of An. epiroticus. An. epiroticus larvae coexisted with Aedes and Culex larvae; the maximum larval density was more than 140 larvae per dip in May. Breeding places included fresh, brackish and salt water, typically with full sunlight and mats of green algae on the water surface. The salinity of the water ranged from 0.5 to 119.4 g/l, with a narrow pH range of 8.2-8.7. Dissolved oxygen was highest in November (6.27 mg/l) and lowest in March (3.46 mg/l). The water temperature varied between 24.6 and 32.8 degrees C. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 524 of 726 Author(s): Iamsawat, S (Iamsawat, Supinya); Surawut, S (Surawut, Saowapha); Prammananan, T (Prammananan, Therdsak); Leelaporn, A (Leelaporn, Amornrut); Jearanaisilavong, J (Jearanaisilavong, Juree) Title: MULTIPLEX PCR FOR DETECTION OF CLARITHROMYCIN RESISTANCE AND SIMULTANEOUS SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 590-601 MAY 2010 Abstract: Multiplex PCR (mPCR) was established for the simultaneous detection of clarithromycin (CLR) resistance and species identification of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). mPCR was tested on 218 MAC clinical isolates. CLR-resistance was detected by mPCR in 31 of 35 isolates identified by a microdilution method. Of the remaining 187 susceptible isolates identified by mPCR, 183 isolates had MIC <=mu g/ml (susceptible), 3 with MIC of 16 (intermediate resistant) and 1 with MIC of >= 32 mu g/ml (resistant). Comparing with the PCR-restriction enzyme analysis, mPCR concordantly identified 185 isolates either as being M. avium or M. intracellulare, whereas one isolate was misidentified and 32 isolates could not be identified. Comparing with reference methods, the mPCR showed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value of 89, 100, 100, and 98% for detection of CLR resistance; 92, 98, 99, and 78% for identification of M. avium; and 57, 100, 100, and 89% for identification of M. intracellulare, respectively. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 525 of 726 Author(s): Naenna, P (Naenna, Penphun); Noisumdaeng, P (Noisumdaeng, Pirom); Pongpech, P (Pongpech, Pintip); Tribuddharat, C (Tribuddharat, Chanwit) Title: DETECTION OF OUTER MEMBRANE PORIN PROTEIN, AN IMIPENEM INFLUX CHANNEL, IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA CLINICAL ISOLATES Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 614-624 MAY 2010 Abstract: Decreased permeability to imipenem is the most frequent mechanism of imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have determined the presence of OprD porin protein, an imipenem influx channel, in 70 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates by Western blot analysis using rabbit anti-OprD polyclonal antibody. Ninety-eight percent (54 of 55 isolates) of imipenem-and meropenem-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were negative for OprD porin production. A small group of isolates resistant to imipenem but susceptible to meropenem (2 isolates) produced OprD protein but at a level 3-5 times lower than the wild type P. aeruginosa ATCC27853 strains. This study indicates that the loss of OprD porin protein was the main mechanism for imipenem resistance in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Determination of the status of OprD level in P. aeruginosa may help in the better selection of appropriate carbapenem antibiotics. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 526 of 726 Author(s): Thapa, B (Thapa, Badri); Tribuddharat, C (Tribuddharat, Chanwit); Srifuengfung, S (Srifuengfung, Somporn); Dhiraputra, C (Dhiraputra, Chertsak) Title: HIGH PREVALENCE OF BLA(OXA-23) IN OLIGOCLONAL CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII FROM SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY, BANGKOK, THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 625-635 MAY 2010 Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged in health care settings as a pandrug-resistant pathogen. Carbapenems are ineffective for treatment of this pathogen. Here we explored the molecular epidemiology and mechanism of carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion test was performed using imipenem and meropenem disk on 200 different clinical CRAB isolates. All isolates were resistant and gave inhibition zones of both antibiotic disks <= 13 mm. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on 37 randomly selected isolates to amplify the common carbapenem hydrolyzing beta-lactamase genes (bla(OXA-23)-like bla(OXA-24/40)- like, bla(OXA-58), bla(IMP), and bla(VIM)). Clones were resolved by PCR-randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) and plasmid profiling. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing revealed the existence of bla(OXA-23) downstream of the insertion element, ISAba1, in all 37 isolates tested. This segment was present in the carbapenem-resistant genomic resistant island AbaR4. These isolates were resolved into three RAPD types (Type I, 20 isolates; Type II, 16 isolates; and type III, 1 isolate) and 10 plasmid profiles. The CRAB isolates investigated here were oligoclonal and carbapenem resistance was conferred by the presence of bla(OXA-23). The presence of this beta-lactamase gene in many clonal isolates indicated its wide spread. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 527 of 726 Author(s): Luksamijarulkul, P (Luksamijarulkul, Pipat); Kongtip, P (Kongtip, Pornpimol) Title: MICROBIAL COUNTS AND PARTICULATE MATTER LEVELS IN ROADSIDE AIR SAMPLES UNDER SKYTRAIN STATIONS, BANGKOK, THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 678-684 MAY 2010 Abstract: In conditions with heavy traffic and crowds of people on roadside areas under skytrain stations in Bangkok, the natural air ventilation may be insufficient and air quality may be poor. A study of 350 air samples collected from the roadside, under skytrain stations in Bangkok, was carried out to assess microbial counts (210 air samples) and particulate matter (PM10) levels (140 samples). The results reveal the mean standard deviation bacterial counts and fungal counts were 406.8 +/- 302.7 cfu/m(3) and 128.9 +/- 89.7 cfu/m(3), respectively. The PM10 level was 186.1 +/- 188.1 mu g/m(3). When compared to recommended levels, 4.8% of air samples (10/210 samples) had bacterial counts more than recommended levels (>1,000 cfu/m(3)) and 27.1% (38/140 samples) had PM10 levels more than recommended levels (>120 mu g/m(3)). These may affect human health, especially of street venders who spend most of their working time in these areas. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 528 of 726 Author(s): Senesombath, S (Senesombath, Sakpaseuth); Nakornchai, S (Nakornchai, Siriruk); Banditsing, P (Banditsing, Panit); Lexomboon, D (Lexomboon, Duangjai) Title: EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND RELATED FACTORS IN VIENTIANE, LAO PDR Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 717-725 MAY 2010 Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries and the oral health status in children aged 36-47 months in Vientiane, the capital city of Lao PDR. This study also aimed to assess the feeding practices, snack consumption, oral hygiene practices, and dental visits of children at this age. A total of 400 children were selected for oral examination and their caretakers were interviewed. The results showed the prevalence of dental caries was 82% with mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) +/- SD 5.5 +/- 4.3 teeth. No missing teeth were found (mt=0), and the mean filled teeth (ft) was only 0.02. The teeth most affected by dental caries were the upper right and left central incisors, followed by the upper right and left lateral incisors, lower molars, upper molars, upper canines, lower canines and lower central incisors. The least affected were the lower right and left lateral incisors. Factors that affected dmft were tooth brushing frequency, brushing with parental assistance or supervision, time brushing started, feeding pattern, and the type of milk, candy and sweet beverages consumption. It can be concluded that children in the studied area had a high prevalence of caries and a high level of severity. Thus, oral health care programs should be promoted in Vientiane. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 529 of 726 Author(s): Duangtep, Y (Duangtep, Yuwadee); Narksawat, K (Narksawat, Kulaya); Chongsuwat, R (Chongsuwat, Rawadee); Rojanavipart, P (Rojanavipart, Peungchon) Title: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND OTHER FACTORS WITH HYPERTENSION AMONG HILL TRIBE POPULATIONS OF MAE FAH LUANG DISTRICT, CHIANG RAI PROVINCE, THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 726-734 MAY 2010 Abstract: An unhealthy lifestyle may lead to hypertension which can cause strokes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify the specific unhealthy lifestyle practices which could cause hypertension among hill tribe populations in Mae Fah Luang District of Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2006, 196 patients with hypertension were selected from 2 district hospitals and 13 health centers as cases, and 196 normotensive subjects from a local neighborhood were chosen as controls. Trained health personnel collected data by interviewing subjects from both groups regarding unhealthy lifestyles and other factors. All participants had a physical examination at the time of interview. The results from multiple logistic regression analysis show the factors associated with hypertension among the hill tribe people studied were smoking (OR 2.48; 95%CI 1.43-4.30, p = 0.001), no or irregular exercise (OR 1.84; 95%CI 1.16-2.99, p = 0.005), being overweight (OR 2.96; 95%CI 1.69-5.18, p <0.002), having obesity (OR 2.65, 95%CI 1.04-6.73, p <0.018) and having a high frequency intake of fatty foods (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.23-3.18, p <0.013). The findings suggest the need for significant lifestyle changes in regards to smoking, eating habits and leisure time exercise programs. The adoption of such lifestyle changes would result in a reduced chance of being hypertensive, which could later reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 530 of 726 Author(s): Chaveepojnkamjorn, W (Chaveepojnkamjorn, Wisit); Pichainarong, N (Pichainarong, Natchaporn) Title: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG MALE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CENTRAL THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (3): 735-742 MAY 2010 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore factors associated with alcohol consumption among male high school students in central Thailand. Five thousand one hundred eighty-four male students from central Thailand were classified into 2 groups according to alcohol consumption during the past year (yes = 916, no = 4,268). Data were collected by an anonymous self-reporting questionnaire which consisted of 2 parts: socio-demographic factors and alcohol drinking behavior during the previous year from December 2007 to February 2008. Descriptive statistics, a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Seventeen point seven percent of male high school students in this study reported consuming alcohol. Most of the students (73.4%) were 15 years old or younger. Univariate analysis revealed socio-demographic factors, such as age, educational level, residence, cohabitants, grade point average (GPA), having a job earning money and having family members with alcohol/drug problems were significantly associated with alcohol consumption (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, revealed five factors were associated with alcohol consumption: the educational level (OR MS3 = 2.69, 95% CI 2.07-3.49; OR MS5 = 5.50, 95% CI 4.25-7.13), cohabitants (OR Friends = 3.09, 95% CI 1.38-6.93), having a job earning money (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.13-1.66), having family members with alcohol/drug problems (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.11-1.60), and GPA (OR < 2 = 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.71; OR > 3 = 0.62, 95% CI 0.51-0.75). Approximately 38% drank more than 2 times a month, 35% drank more than 4 drinks each time, 60% experienced binge drinking, and 43% experienced drunkenness. These results suggest alcohol abuse preventive measures among male high school students should take into account education level, cohabitants, having a job earning money, family members with alcohol/drug problems and GPA. Education regarding the disadvantages of alcohol to risk groups could reduce the proportion of new and current drinkers. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 531 of 726 Author(s): Jinawath, N (Jinawath, Natini); Vasoontara, C (Vasoontara, Chanont); Jinawath, A (Jinawath, Artit); Fang, XP (Fang, Xueping); Zhao, KJ (Zhao, Kejia); Yap, KL (Yap, Kai-Lee); Guo, T (Guo, Tong); Lee, CS (Lee, Cheng S.); Wang, WJ (Wang, Weijie); Balgley, BM (Balgley, Brian M.); Davidson, B (Davidson, Ben); Wang, TL (Wang, Tian-Li); Shih, IM (Shih, Ie-Ming) Title: Oncoproteomic Analysis Reveals Co-Upregulation of RELA and STAT5 in Carboplatin Resistant Ovarian Carcinoma Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (6): Art. No. e11198 JUN 18 2010 ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e11198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011198 Record 532 of 726 Author(s): Jangiam, W (Jangiam, Witawat); Loprasert, S (Loprasert, Suvit); Smith, DR (Smith, Duncan R.); Tungpradabkul, S (Tungpradabkul, Sumalee) Title: Burkholderia pseudomallei RpoS regulates OxyR and the katG-dpsA operon under conditions of oxidative stress Source: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, 54 (7): 389-397 JUL 2010 Abstract: Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the potentially fatal tropical disease melioidosis, is known to be highly resistant to oxidative stress although the mechanism of this resistance remains to be fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown that an OxyR is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress via the katG and dpsA genes encoding KatG and DpsA and that the alternative sigma factor, RpoS, plays a critical role in resistance to oxidative stress by regulating katG and katE genes. Here it is shown that RpoS is essential for expression of the oxidative stress regulator OxyR, since a mutant strain lacking RpoS failed to induce oxyR expression both during normal growth and under conditions of oxidative stress. It is further demonstrated that the RpoS acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of oxyR and dpsA expression, while OxyR acts as a negative transcriptional regulator of the katG-dpsA operon via OxyR repressor under normal growth conditions, and as a positive transcriptional regulator via OxyR under conditions of oxidative stress. Therefore both RpoS and OxyR are required to promote expression of both the katG-dpsA operon and dpsA gene. ISSN: 0385-5600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00230.x Record 533 of 726 Author(s): Nantakomol, D (Nantakomol, Duangdao); Chanprasert, S (Chanprasert, Supantitra); Soogarun, S (Soogarun, Suphan); Imwong, M (Imwong, Malika); Ohashi, J (Ohashi, Jun); Nuchnoi, P (Nuchnoi, Pornlada) Title: Affordable Technology for Enumeration of the Absolute CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count by Cell Bead Assay Source: LABMEDICINE, 41 (7): 423-428 JUL 2010 Abstract: The quantitative BD Trucount (San Jose, CA) tube method is the conventional but expensive method to quantitate CD4+T-lymphocyte (CD4) counts, and this may be beyond the means of countries with limited resources. In this study, we validated a quantitative method known as a cell-bead (CB) assay to quantitate CD4 counts in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. The absolute CD4 count obtained from the CB method was highly correlated with those obtained from the Trucount tube (r(2)=0.98, y=26.73+1.01x, P<0.0001 and a mean bias of 34.8 cell/mu L, limit of agreement [LOA] -34.8-104.4 cell/mu L) and flow rate-based assay method (r(2)=0.97; y=69.51 + 0.88x, P<0.0001 and a mean bias -53.5 cell/mu L, LOA -149.4-42.3 cell/mu L). This study demonstrates that the CB method is suitable and more affordable for CD4 quantitation. This method is inexpensive and interchangeable with the latex bead-based methods for generating absolute counts in resource-limited areas. ISSN: 0007-5027 DOI: 10.1309/LMVKKIFT04YNAGPA Record 534 of 726 Author(s): Chotjumlong, P (Chotjumlong, P.); Khongkhunthian, S (Khongkhunthian, S.); Ongchai, S (Ongchai, S.); Reutrakul, V (Reutrakul, V.); Krisanaprakornkit, S (Krisanaprakornkit, S.) Title: Human beta-defensin-3 up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E-2 synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts Source: JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, 45 (4): 464-470 AUG 2010 Abstract: Background and Objective: Oral epithelial cells express three antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensins (hBDs) that have previously been demonstrated to exert proinflammatory effects on various immune cells. We wanted to examine whether hBDs could induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) synthesis in non-immune cells, such as human gingival fibroblasts. Material and Methods: Cultured fibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of hBD-1, -2, -3 or interleukin-1 beta, as a positive control, for various times, in the presence or absence of NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor. The levels of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression were analyzed using RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression by western blotting. Cell-free culture supernatants were assayed for PGE(2) levels by ELISA. The lactate dehydrogenase assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of hBDs. Results: Ten and 40 mu g/mL of hBD-3 up-regulated COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, consistent with COX-2 up-regulation by interleukin-1 beta, whereas hBD-1 and hBD-2 did not. However, COX-1 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed. The time-course study revealed that hBD-3 up-regulated COX-2 mRNA and protein expression at 6 and 12 h, respectively. Consistent with COX-2 up-regulation, 10 and 40 mu g/mL of hBD-3 significantly increased PGE(2) levels in cell-free culture supernatants (p < 0.05), and this was inhibited by NS-398 in a dose-dependent manner. Neither of the hBD concentrations tested in this study was toxic to the cells. Conclusion: These findings indicate that epithelial human beta-defensin-3 functions as a proinflammatory mediator in controlling arachidonic acid metabolism in underlying fibroblasts. ISSN: 0022-3484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01259.x Record 535 of 726 Author(s): Gwee, KA (Gwee, Kok-Ann); Bak, YT (Bak, Young-Tae); Ghoshal, UC (Ghoshal, Uday Chand); Gonlachanvit, S (Gonlachanvit, Sutep); Lee, OY (Lee, Oh Young); Fock, KM (Fock, Kwong Ming); Chua, ASB (Chua, Andrew Seng Boon); Lu, CL (Lu, Ching-Liang); Goh, KL (Goh, Khean-Lee); Kositchaiwat, C (Kositchaiwat, Chomsri); Makharia, G (Makharia, Govind); Park, HJ (Park, Hyo-Jin); Chang, FY (Chang, Full-Young); Fukudo, S (Fukudo, Shin); Choi, MG (Choi, Myung-Gyu); Bhatia, S (Bhatia, Shobna); Ke, MY (Ke, Meiyun); Hou, XH (Hou, Xiaohua); Hongo, M (Hongo, Michio) Title: Asian consensus on irritable bowel syndrome Source: JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, 25 (7): 1189-1205 JUL 2010 Abstract: Background and Aims: Many of the ideas on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are derived from studies conducted in Western societies. Their relevance to Asian societies has not been critically examined. Our objectives were to bring to attention important data from Asian studies, articulate the experience and views of our Asian experts, and provide a relevant guide on this poorly understood condition for doctors and scientists working in Asia. Methods: A multinational group of physicians from Asia with special interest in IBS raised statements on IBS pertaining to symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiology, infection, pathophysiology, motility, management, and diet. A modified Delphi approach was employed to present and grade the quality of evidence, and determine the level of agreement. Results: We observed that bloating and symptoms associated with meals were prominent complaints among our IBS patients. In the majority of our countries, we did not observe a female predominance. In some Asian populations, the intestinal transit times in healthy and IBS patients appear to be faster than those reported in the West. High consultation rates were observed, particularly in the more affluent countries. There was only weak evidence to support the perception that psychological distress determines health-care seeking. Dietary factors, in particular, chili consumption and the high prevalence of lactose malabsorption, were perceived to be aggravating factors, but the evidence was weak. Conclusions: This detailed compilation of studies from different parts of Asia, draws attention to Asian patients' experiences of IBS. ISSN: 0815-9319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06353.x Record 536 of 726 Author(s): Khunawattanakul, W (Khunawattanakul, Wanwisa); Puttipipatkhachorn, S (Puttipipatkhachorn, Satit); Rades, T (Rades, Thomas); Pongjanyakul, T (Pongjanyakul, Thaned) Title: Chitosan-magnesium aluminum silicate nanocomposite films: Physicochemical characterization and drug permeability Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS, 393 (1-2): 219-229 JUN 30 2010 Abstract: Chitosan-magnesium aluminum silicate (CS-MAS) films were prepared and the effects of MAS content and heat treatment of the CS-MAS dispersion before film casting on the physicochemical and drug permeability properties of the films were investigated. CS could interact with MAS via electrostatic interaction and intermolecular hydrogen bonding mechanisms, resulting in nanocomposite formation, for which it was not necessary to apply the heat treatment on the composite dispersions. The nature of the exfoliated and intercalated nanocomposite films formed was depended on the MAS content added. The heat treatment on the composite dispersions caused an increase in tensile strength, but reduced %elongation of the CS-MAS nanocomposite films. The exfoliated nanocomposite films showed higher flexibility, water uptake, and drug permeability compared to the CS and intercalated CS-MAS nanocomposite films. At higher MAS content, the CS-MAS films prepared using heat treatment had a lower water uptake, resulting in lower drug permeability when compared with those prepared using non-heated dispersions. The permeation mechanism of non-electrolyte and negatively charged drugs across the CS-MAS nanocomposite films was predominantly controlled by diffusion in water-filled microchannels, whereas both adsorption onto MAS and diffusion processes occurred concurrently for the film permeation of positively charged drugs. The findings of this study suggest that CS-MAS nanocomposite films can be formed without heating of the composite dispersion before casting. CS-MAS nanocomposites showed strong potential to be used as a film former for coated tablets intended for modulating drug release. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0378-5173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.04.007 Record 537 of 726 Author(s): Panjaburee, P (Panjaburee, Patcharin); Hwang, GJ (Hwang, Gwo-Jen); Triampo, W (Triampo, Wannapong); Shih, BY (Shih, Bo-Ying) Title: A multi-expert approach for developing testing and diagnostic systems based on the concept-effect model Source: COMPUTERS & EDUCATION, 55 (2): 527-540 SEP 2010 Abstract: With the popularization of computer and communication technologies, researchers have attempted to develop computer-assisted testing and diagnostic systems to help students improve their learning performance on the Internet. In developing a diagnostic system for detecting students' learning problems, it is difficult for individual teachers to address the exact relationships between the test items and the concepts. To cope with this problem, this study proposes an innovative approach to eliciting and integrating the weightings of test item-concept relationships from multiple experts. Based on the proposed approach, a testing and diagnostic system has been implemented; moreover, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of our approach. By analyzing the results from four groups of students using learning suggestions provided by different models, it was found that the learning performance of the students who received learning suggestions by applying the innovative approach was significantly better than for those who received guidance based on the original model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.015 Record 538 of 726 Author(s): Manosuthi, W (Manosuthi, Weerawat); Butler, DM (Butler, David M.); Chantratita, W (Chantratita, Wasun); Sukasem, C (Sukasem, Chonlaphat); Richman, DD (Richman, Douglas D.); Smith, DM (Smith, Davey M.) Title: Patients Infected with HIV Type 1 Subtype CRF01_AE and Failing First-Line Nevirapine- and Efavirenz-Based Regimens Demonstrate Considerable Cross-Resistance to Etravirine Source: AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES, 26 (6): 609-611 JUN 2010 ISSN: 0889-2229 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2009.0107 Record 539 of 726 Author(s): Kositanont, U (Kositanont, Uraiwan); Wongsurakiat, P (Wongsurakiat, Phunsup); Pooruk, P (Pooruk, Phisanu); Maranetra, N (Maranetra, Nanta); Puthavathana, P (Puthavathana, Pilaipan) Title: Induction of Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Against H5N1 Virus After Vaccination with Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in COPD Patients Source: VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY, 23 (3): 329-334 JUN 2010 Abstract: Archival serum samples from elderly individuals with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were enrolled in a double-blind case-control study of seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy were assayed for cross-neutralizing antibody formation to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Of 118 serum samples, 58 were collected from influenza vaccinees (mean age 68.5y), and 60 from placebo controls (mean age 68.4y) who received vitamin B injections. Blood samples were collected before and at 1 mo after seasonal influenza vaccination from all subjects; in addition, for a longitudinal follow-up period of 1 y paired-blood samples were collected again from subjects who developed acute respiratory illness. Hemagglutination inhibition assay for antibodies to influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B viruses was carried out to determine the serological response to vaccination, and to diagnose influenza viral infection, while microneutralization assays were performed to detect cross-reactive antibody to H5N1 virus. Pre-existing cross-reactive H5N1 antibody at reciprocal titer 10 was found in 6 (10.3%) vaccinees and 4 (6.7%) placebo controls. There was no change in H5N1 antibody titer in these subjects after vaccination. On the other hand, 3 (5.2%) vaccinees developed seroconversion to H5N1 virus at 1 mo after vaccination, even though they had no pre-existing H5N1 antibody in their first blood samples. No cross-neutralizing antibody to H5N1 virus was detected in the placebo controls or in the 22 influenza patients, suggesting that influenza vaccination, but not influenza virus infection, induces cross-neutralizing antibody against avian influenza H5N1 virus. ISSN: 0882-8245 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0082 Record 540 of 726 Author(s): Gesprasert, G (Gesprasert, Goragoch); Wichukchinda, N (Wichukchinda, Nuanjun); Mori, M (Mori, Masahiko); Shiino, T (Shiino, Teiichiro); Auwanit, W (Auwanit, Wattana); Sriwanthana, B (Sriwanthana, Busarawan); Pathipvanich, P (Pathipvanich, Panita); Sawanpanyalert, P (Sawanpanyalert, Pathom); Miura, T (Miura, Toshiyuki); Auewarakul, P (Auewarakul, Prasert); Thitithanyanont, A (Thitithanyanont, Arunee); Ariyoshi, K (Ariyoshi, Koya) Title: HLA-Associated Immune Pressure on Gag Protein in CRF01_AE-Infected Individuals and Its Association with Plasma Viral Load Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (6): Art. No. e11179 JUN 17 2010 Abstract: Background: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response is one of the major factors determining the genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are few population-based analyses of the amino acid variations associated with the host HLA type and their clinical relevance for the Asian population. Here, we identified HLA-associated polymorphisms in the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Gag protein in infected married couples, and examined the consequences of these HLA-selected mutations after transmission to HLA-unmatched recipients. Methodology/Principal Findings: One hundred sixteen HIV-1-infected couples were recruited at a government hospital in northern Thailand. The 1.7-kb gag gene was amplified and directly sequenced. We identified 56 associations between amino acid variations in Gag and HLA alleles. Of those amino acid variations, 35 (62.5%) were located within or adjacent to regions reported to be HIV-specific CTL epitopes restricted by the relevant HLA. Interestingly, a significant number of HLA-associated amino acid variations appear to be unique to the CRF01_AE-infected Thai population. Variations in the capsid protein (p24) had the strongest associations with the viral load and CD4 cell count. The mutation and reversion rates after transmission to a host with a different HLA environment varied considerably. The p24 T242N variant escape from B57/58 CTL had a significant impact on the HIV-1 viral load of CRF01_AE-infected patients. Conclusions/Significance: HLA-associated amino acid mutations and the CTL selection pressures on the p24 antigen appear to have the most significant impact on HIV replication in a CRF01_AE-infected Asian population. HLA-associated mutations with a low reversion rate accumulated as a footprint in this Thai population. The novel HLA-associated mutations identified in this study encourage us to acquire more extensive information about the viral dynamics of HLA-associated amino acid polymorphisms in a given population as effective CTL vaccine targets. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e11179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011179 Record 541 of 726 Author(s): Soodchomshom, B (Soodchomshom, Bumned) Title: Magneto transport on the surface of a topological insulator spin valve Source: PHYSICS LETTERS A, 374 (28): 2894-2899 JUN 21 2010 Abstract: The effects of the magnetization on the transport properties of a ferromagnet/barrier/ferromagnet spin valve fabricated with a topological insulator are studied. We consider two types of junctions, (i) an F-1/normal barrier (NB)/F-2 junction and (ii) an F-1/magnetic barrier (FB)/F-2 junction. The junctions in both cases lie in the xy-plane with the magnetizations in both ferromagnetic regions. F-1 and F-2 aligned in the z-direction. The charge carriers in the topological insulator have a Dirac like energy spectrum of a massive relativistic particle with the magnetization M playing the role of the mass. The gap opening is a special magneto feature of topological insulators. In an anti parallel alignment of the two magnetizations, the mass of the carriers is negative in the region where M is in the negative direction. The negative mass leads the behaviors of the magneto transport properties and the tunneling magneto resistance of these junctions to be quite different from those of graphene-based spin values. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0375-9601 DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2010.05.021 Record 542 of 726 Author(s): Nair, S (Nair, Shalini); Nkhoma, S (Nkhoma, Standwell); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois); Mayxay, M (Mayxay, Mayfong); French, N (French, Neil); Whitworth, J (Whitworth, Jim); Anderson, T (Anderson, Tim) Title: Genetic changes during laboratory propagation: Copy number At the reticulocyte-binding protein 1 locus of Plasmodium falciparum Source: MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY, 172 (2): 145-148 AUG 2010 Abstract: Comparative genomic hybridization studies have revealed elevated copy number (CN) at the reticulocyte-binding protein 1 gene (PfRh1) in fast growing lab-adapted parasites, while genetic manipulation demonstrates a causal link between cell invasion and PfRh1 CN. We therefore examined PfRh1 copy number variation (CNV) in 202 single clone parasite isolates from four countries to quantify the extent of CNV within natural populations. Surprisingly, we found that no natural parasite infections showed elevated CN. In contrast, 4/28 independent laboratory reference strains show elevated CN. One possibility is that amplification of PfRh1 (or neighboring loci) is selected during laboratory culture. In the case of FCR3 group of parasites, clone trees show that PfRh1 amplification arose in laboratory lines following establishment in culture. These data show that CNV at PfRh1 is rare or non-existent in natural populations, but can arise during laboratory propagation. We conclude that PfRh1 CNV is not an important determinant of gene expression, cell invasion or growth rate in natural parasite populations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0166-6851 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.015 Record 543 of 726 Author(s): Hanboon, BK (Hanboon, Borimas K.); Ekataksin, W (Ekataksin, Wichai); Alsfasser, G (Alsfasser, Guido); Schemmer, P (Schemmer, Peter); Urbaschek, B (Urbaschek, Bernhard); McCuskey, RS (McCuskey, Robert S.); Klar, E (Klar, Ernst) Title: Microvascular dysfunction in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in pigs Source: MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH, 80 (1): 123-132 JUL 2010 Abstract: Although hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has been investigated for more than two decades, histopathological documentation is limited. As a result, three pig livers with I/R injury and three control livers were injected with colored media, cut into 14 segments, and examined by light microscopy together with microscopic map making. In livers with I/R injury, lobules were identified as being occluded or unoccluded. The proportion of the occluded lobules increased in a caudocephalic fashion, while that of the unoccluded lobules decreased (chi(2) for linear trend, P < 0.0001). Especially in the occluded lobules, swollen hepatic plates displayed various forms of cellular distortion. Collapsed sinusoids containing leukocyte aggregation and shrunken central veins were observed together with reduced caliber of the contiguous sublobular veins. Portal vein constriction with loosening of the surrounding stroma suggestive of edema and hepatic artery dilation were also seen. Isolated arterioles and transintimal vasal outlets of the hepatic vein's vasa venarum were dilated and frequently observed. In conclusion, I/R injury affected the liver parenchyma, the microvasculature, and its surrounding stroma. The heterogeneous distribution of occluded and unoccluded lobules is suggested clue to the difference of vascular structure in various liver segments. The constrictive/obstructive changes in the portosinusoidal-hepatic vascular profile suggest a definite increase in resistance at presinusoidal, sinusoidal, and proximal postsinusoidal levels, resulting in an expansion of the arterial shunt circulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0026-2862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.02.010 Record 544 of 726 Author(s): Roekring, S (Roekring, Songsak); Smith, DR (Smith, Duncan R.) Title: Induction of apoptosis in densovirus infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes Source: JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY, 104 (3): 239-241 JUL 2010 Abstract: The mechanism of death in densovirus infected mosquitoes remains unexplored. This study investigated the cellular consequences of densovirus infection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes after a second generation challenge with a densovirus isolated from adult Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Thailand (AThDNV). Specimens were analyzed by TUNEL assay, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and a calorimic assay to detect activation of caspase 3-like activity. After challenge, moribund mosquitoes showed considerable evidence of TUNEL positive cells. The caspase 3-like activity assay showed that the presence of TUNEL positive cells was associated with increased levels of activated caspase 3-like activity in AThDNV infected mosquitoes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0022-2011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.04.002 Record 545 of 726 Author(s): Janvilisri, T (Janvilisri, Tavan); Scaria, J (Scaria, Joy); Chang, YF (Chang, Yung-Fu) Title: Transcriptional Profiling of Clostridium difficile and Caco-2 Cells during Infection Source: JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 202 (2): 282-290 JUL 15 2010 Abstract: Clostridium difficile is well recognized as the most common infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhea. The incidence and severity of C. difficile infection (CDI) is increasing worldwide. Here, we evaluated simultaneously the transcriptional changes in the human colorectal epithelial Caco-2 cells and in C. difficile after infection. A total of 271 transcripts in Caco-2 cells and 207 transcripts in C. difficile were significantly differentially expressed at >= 1 time point during CDI. We used the gene ontology annotations and protein-protein network interactions to underline a framework of target molecules that could potentially play a key role during CDI. These genes included those associated with cellular metabolism, transcription, transport, cell communication, and signal transduction. Our data identified certain key factors that have previously been reported to be involved in CDI, as well as novel determinants that may participate in a complex mechanism underlying the host response to infection, bacterial adaptation, and pathogenesis. ISSN: 0022-1899 DOI: 10.1086/653484 Record 546 of 726 Author(s): Pakakasama, S (Pakakasama, Samart); Veerakul, G (Veerakul, Gavivann); Sosothikul, D (Sosothikul, Darin); Chainansamit, SO (Chainansamit, Su-on); Laosombat, V (Laosombat, Vichai); Thanarattanakorn, P (Thanarattanakorn, Pattra); Lumkul, R (Lumkul, Rachata); Wiangnon, S (Wiangnon, Surapon); Wangruangsathit, S (Wangruangsathit, Somporn); Narkbunnam, N (Narkbunnam, Nattee); Kanjanapongkul, S (Kanjanapongkul, Somjai) Title: Late effects in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study from Thai Pediatric Oncology Group Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, 91 (5): 850-854 JUN 2010 Abstract: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of long-term late effects. Therefore, systematic screenings of the late complications are essential. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of late effects of Thai children and adolescents after completion of ALL therapy. We performed a cross-sectional study for evaluation of the late effects in ALL survivors who came for follow-up at 10 pediatric oncology centers in Thailand. We evaluated the treatment-related late complications of children and adolescents who had finished ALL treatment for at least 2 years. Demographic data, treatment modalities, and late effects were recorded and analyzed. There were 258 survivors with a median age of 12.2 years (range 3.6-23.3 years). The median follow-up time was 7.2 years (range 2-17.5 years). Forty-seven percent (122 cases) suffered from at least one late effect. Overweight/obesity was the most common late effect. Radiation of central nervous system was a significant risk factor for overweight/obesity (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.02-3.81) and educational problems (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.32-14.02). Our data have demonstrated a significant prevalence of late effects after childhood ALL therapy. A long-term follow-up program for survivors of childhood cancer is therefore needed in our country. ISSN: 0925-5710 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0594-9 Record 547 of 726 Author(s): Laksameethanasan, D (Laksameethanasan, Danai); Brandt, SS (Brandt, Sami S.) Title: A Bayesian Reconstruction Method with Marginalized Uncertainty Model for Camera Motion in Microrotation Imaging Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 57 (7): 1719-1728 JUL 2010 Abstract: Reconstruction of a 3-D structure from multiple projection images requires prior knowledge of projection directions or camera motion parameters that describe the relative positions and orientations of 3-D structure with respect to the camera. These parameters can be estimated using, for instance, the conventional correlation alignment and feature-based methods. However, the alignment methods are not perfect, where the inaccuracy of the estimated motion parameters causes artifacts in the reconstruction. To overcome this problem, we propose a Bayesian approach to reconstruct the object that takes the motion uncertainty distribution into account. Moreover, we consider the motion parameters as nuisance parameters and integrate them out from the posterior distribution, assuming a Gaussian uncertainty model, which yields a statistical cost function to be minimized. The proposed method is applied in microrotation fluorescence imaging, where we aim at 3-D reconstruction of a rotating object from an image series, acquired by an optical microscope. The experiments with simulated and real microrotation datasets demonstrate that the proposed method provides visually and numerically better results than the traditional reconstruction methods, which ignore the uncertainty of the motion estimates. ISSN: 0018-9294 DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2010.2043674 Record 548 of 726 Author(s): Nantasenamat, C (Nantasenamat, Chanin); Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, C (Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, Chartchalerm); Prachayasittikul, V (Prachayasittikul, Virapong) Title: Advances in computational methods to predict the biological activity of compounds Source: EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY, 5 (7): 633-654 JUL 2010 Abstract: Importance of the field: The past decade had witnessed remarkable advances in computer science which had given rise to many new possibilities including the ability to simulate and model life's phenomena. Among one of the greatest gifts computer science had contributed to drug discovery is the ability to predict the biological activity of compounds and in doing so drives new prospects and possibilities for the development of novel drugs with robust properties. Areas covered in this review: This review presents an overview of the advances in the computational methods utilized for predicting the biological activity of compounds. What the reader will gain: The reader will gain a conceptual view of the quantitative structure-activity relationship paradigm and the methodological overview of commonly used machine learning algorithms. Take home message: Great advancements in computational methods have now made it possible to model the biological activity of compounds in an accurate manner. To obtain such a feat, it is often necessary to forgo several data pre-processing and post-processing procedures. A wide range of tools are available to perform such tasks; however, the proper selection and piecing together of complementary components in the prediction workflow remains a challenging and highly subjective task that heavily relies on the experience and judgment of the practitioner. ISSN: 1746-0441 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.492827 Record 549 of 726 Author(s): Wetchateng, T (Wetchateng, Thanitsara); Friedman, CS (Friedman, Carolyn S.); Wight, NA (Wight, Nathan A.); Lee, PY (Lee, Pei-Yu); Teng, PH (Teng, Ping Hua); Sriurairattana, S (Sriurairattana, Siriporn); Wongprasert, K (Wongprasert, Kanokphan); Withyachumnarnkul, B (Withyachumnarnkul, Boonsirm) Title: Withering syndrome in the abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta Source: DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 90 (1): 69-76 MAY 18 2010 Abstract: Abalone aquaculture is a small but growing industry in Thailand and is based on both the exotic Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and the native H. asinina. Withering syndrome (WS) in abalone is caused by an infection with the Rickettsia-like organism (RLO) 'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis' and has been spread to many countries globally. The present study reports the first observation of the WS-RLO agent in the small abalone, H. diversicolor supertexta in Thailand, Taiwan (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under light microscopy, the RLO was observed as intracytoplasmic inclusions within epithelial cells lining the post-esophagus and, to a minor extent, the intestine of H. diversicolor. Under transmission electron microscopy, inclusions were characterized as colonies of rod-shaped bacteria, 200 x 1800 nm in size, within a vesicle in the cytoplasm of the infected cell. The RLO from the small abalone bound with WS-RLO-specific in situ hybridization probes and was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers designed from the 16S rDNA sequence of the original WS-RLO from California, USA. The PCR product of RLO samples from both the PRC and Thailand showed extremely high identity with the California WS-RLO (100 and 99%, respectively). These data combined with the history of abalone movements for aquaculture purposes indicate that RLOs observed in Thailand, Taiwan and the PRC are the WS-RLO that originated from California. ISSN: 0177-5103 DOI: 10.3354/dao02221 Record 550 of 726 Author(s): Gangnonngiw, W (Gangnonngiw, Warachin); Kanthong, N (Kanthong, Nipaporn); Flegel, TW (Flegel, Timothy W.) Title: Successful propagation of shrimp yellow head virus in immortal mosquito cells Source: DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 90 (1): 77-83 MAY 18 2010 Abstract: Research on crustacean viruses is hampered by the lack of continuous cell lines susceptible to them. To overcome this problem, we previously challenged immortal mosquito and lepidopteran cell lines with shrimp yellow head virus (YHV), followed by serial, split-passage of whole cells, and showed that this produced cells that persistently expressed YHV antigens. To determine whether such insect cultures positive for YHV antigens could be used to infect shrimp Penaeus monodon with YHV, culture supernal:ants and whole-cell homogenates were used to challenge shrimp by injection. Shrimp injected with culture supernatants could not be infected. However, shrimp injection-challenged with whole-cell homogenates from Passage 5 (early-passage) of such cultures died with histological and clinical signs typical for yellow head disease (YHD), while homogenates of mock-passaged, YHV-challenged cells did not. By contrast, shrimp challenged with cell homogenates of late-passage cultures became infected with YHV, but survived, suggesting that YHV attenuation had occurred during its long-term serial passage in insect cells. Thus, YHV could be propagated successfully in C6/36 mosquito cells and used at low passage numbers as a source of inoculum to initiate lethal infections in shrimp. This partially solves the problem of lack of continuous shrimp cell lines for cultivation of YHV. ISSN: 0177-5103 DOI: 10.3354/dao02220 Record 551 of 726 Author(s): Boonchai, W (Boonchai, Waranya); Iamtharachai, P (Iamtharachai, Pacharee) Title: The pH of Commonly Available Soaps, Liquid Cleansers, Detergents and Alcohol Gels Source: DERMATITIS, 21 (3): 154-156 MAY-JUN 2010 Abstract: Background: The hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of a cleanser certainly has an impact on skin condition. Dermatologists always need to recommend a cleanser to patients with hand dermatitis or sensitive skin; particularly during the outbreak of swine (AH1N1 virus) influenza, frequent hand washing and alcohol gel cleansing were greatly recommended. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pH of various commonly available cleansers and alcohol gels on the market to assess patient comfort in using such products and to make good recommendations to our patients. Methods: Multiple brands of liquid cleansers, dishwashing liquids, soaps, laundry detergents, and alcohol gels commonly available on the market were assessed for pH by using a pH meter and pH-indicator strips. The pH assessment imitated real-life conditions by diluting each cleanser with tap water and then comparing the changed pH. Results: The pH levels of liquid cleansers, dishwashing liquids, a beauty bar, and alcohol gels were acidic to neutral and compatible with normal skin pH. Most bar soaps, baby soaps, and powdered laundry detergents had a pH in the alkali range. The pH of concentrated cleansers was slightly different from that of their dissolved forms. Conclusion: Regarding the antiseptic property and pH of the cleansers, alcohol gels with moisturizers appeared to be the best hand cleansers to recommend to our patients. ISSN: 1710-3568 DOI: 10.2310/6620.2010.10003 Record 552 of 726 Author(s): Singkaravanit, S (Singkaravanit, Suthitar); Kinoshita, H (Kinoshita, Hiroshi); Ihara, F (Ihara, Fumio); Nihira, T (Nihira, Takuya) Title: Cloning and functional analysis of the second geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene influencing helvolic acid biosynthesis in Metarhizium anisopliae Source: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 87 (3): 1077-1088 JUL 2010 Abstract: A gene (ggs2) having high similarity to the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPP synthase) gene was cloned from Metarhizium anisopliae NAFF635007. The ggs2 gene (1,239-bp open reading frame with no intron) encoded a protein of 412 amino acids, and the transcription occurred only after late log-phase during the growth. Gene disruption of ggs2, performed to clarify the function in M. anisopliae, resulted in decreased GGPP synthase activity together with a slight delay of sporulation. An high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) comparison of compound profiles between the wild-type strain and the disruptant revealed that a compound was abolished by the ggs2 disruption. Purification and structural elucidation by H-1-NMR and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the lost compound is helvolic acid. Furthermore, the pathogenicity assay against two species of insect larvae revealed that the ggs2-disruptant possessed much weaker toxicity than the wild-type strain. Based on these results, it was concluded that ggs2 encodes the GGPP synthase influencing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in various species, including helvolic acid in M. anisopliae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify a GGPP synthase gene related to secondary metabolism in entomopathogenic fungi. ISSN: 0175-7598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2556-9 Record 553 of 726 Author(s): Imwong, M (Imwong, Mallika); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, Arjen M.); Nosten, F (Nosten, Francois); Yi, P (Yi, Poravuth); Mungthin, M (Mungthin, Mathirut); Hanchana, S (Hanchana, Sarun); Das, D (Das, Debashish); Phyo, AP (Phyo, Aung Phae); Lwin, KM (Lwin, Khin Maung); Pukrittayakamee, S (Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon); Lee, SJ (Lee, Sue J.); Saisung, S (Saisung, Suwannee); Koecharoen, K (Koecharoen, Kitti); Nguon, C (Nguon, Chea); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Socheat, D (Socheat, Duong); White, NJ (White, Nicholas J.) Title: Exploring the Contribution of Candidate Genes to Artemisinin Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Source: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 54 (7): 2886-2892 JUL 2010 Abstract: The reduced in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum has recently been confirmed in western Cambodia. Identifying molecular markers for artemisinin resistance is essential for monitoring the spread of the resistant phenotype and identifying the mechanisms of resistance. Four candidate genes, including the P. falciparum mdr1 (pfmdr1) gene, the P. falciparum ATPase6 (pfATPase6) gene, the 6-kb mitochondrial genome, and ubp-1, encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme, of artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum strains from western Cambodia were examined and compared to those of sensitive strains from northwestern Thailand, where the artemisinins are still very effective. The artemisinin-resistant phenotype did not correlate with pfmdr1 amplification or mutations (full-length sequencing), mutations in pfATPase6 (full-length sequencing) or the 6-kb mitochondrial genome (full-length sequencing), or ubp-1 mutations at positions 739 and 770. The P. falciparum CRT K76T mutation was present in all isolates from both study sites. The pfmdr1 copy numbers in western Cambodia were significantly lower in parasite samples obtained in 2007 than in those obtained in 2005, coinciding with a local change in drug policy replacing artesunate-mefloquine with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia is not linked to candidate genes, as was suggested by earlier studies. ISSN: 0066-4804 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00032-10 Record 554 of 726 Author(s): Omodeo-Sale, F (Omodeo-Sale, F.); Cortelezzi, L (Cortelezzi, L.); Vommaro, Z (Vommaro, Z.); Scaccabarozzi, D (Scaccabarozzi, D.); Dondorp, AM (Dondorp, A. M.) Title: Dysregulation of L-arginine metabolism and bioavailability associated to free plasma heme Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 299 (1): C148-C154 JUL 2010 Abstract: Omodeo-Sale F, Cortelezzi L, Vommaro Z, Scaccabarozzi D, Dondorp AM. Dysregulation of L-arginine metabolism and bioavailability associated to free plasma heme. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299: C148-C154, 2010. First published March 31, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpcell. 00405.2009.-Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with hypoargin-inemia, which contributes to impaired systemic and pulmonary nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial dysfunction. Since intravascular hemolysis is an intrinsic feature of severe malaria, we investigated whether and by which mechanisms free heme [Fe(III)-proto-porphyrin IX (FP)] might contribute to the dysregulation of L-arginine (L-Arg) metabolism and bioavailability. Carrier systems "y +" [or cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)] and "y + L" transport L-Arg into red blood cells (RBC), where it is hydrolyzed to ornithine and urea by arginase (isoform I) or converted to NO- and citrulline by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Our results show a significant and dose-dependent impairment of L-Arg transport into RBC pretreated with FP, with a strong inhibition of the system carrier y + L. Despite the impaired L-Arg influx, higher amounts of L-Arg-derived urea are produced by RBC preexposed to FP caused by activation of RBC arginase I. This activation appeared not to be mediated by oxidative modifications of the enzyme. We conclude that L-Arg transport across RBC membrane is impaired and arginase-mediated L-Arg consumption enhanced by free heme. This could contribute to reduced NO production in severe malaria. ISSN: 0363-6143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00405.2009 Record 555 of 726 Author(s): Wattanakorn, N (Wattanakorn, Nathaya); Asavapichayont, P (Asavapichayont, Panida); Nunthanid, J (Nunthanid, Jurairat); Limmatvapirat, S (Limmatvapirat, Sontaya); Sungthongjeen, S (Sungthongjeen, Srisagul); Chantasart, D (Chantasart, Doungdaw); Sriamornsak, P (Sriamornsak, Pornsak) Title: Pectin-Based Bioadhesive Delivery of Carbenoxolone Sodium for Aphthous Ulcers in Oral Cavity Source: AAPS PHARMSCITECH, 11 (2): 743-751 JUN 2010 Abstract: The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the pectin-based dosage form for buccal adhesion. Carbenoxolone sodium, which is used for the treatment of aphthous ulcers in oral cavity, was used as a model drug. The pectin buccal discs were prepared by direct compression. The water uptake and erosion of pectin disc increased progressively with the swelling time. The bioadhesion of dried pectin discs decreased when either the discs were hydrated or the buccal tissue was wet with a small volume of medium. The influencing factors such as pectin type, pectin to lactose ratio, and sweetener type on the formulations were investigated. The results demonstrated that buccal discs prepared from pectin with a high degree of esterification (DE) showed a weaker and more friable characteristic than that with low DE. Decreasing pectin to lactose ratio resulted in the high dissolution rate with low bioadhesive properties. Addition of sweetener in the formulations also affected the hardness, friability, and bioadhesive properties of the discs. The pectin discs containing sweetening agent showed a higher drug release than those without sweetener. The results suggested that pectin-based bioadhesive discs could be used to deliver carbenoxolone sodium in oral cavity. ISSN: 1530-9932 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9424-x Record 556 of 726 Author(s): Tuntikulwattana, S (Tuntikulwattana, Siracha); Mitrevej, A (Mitrevej, Ampol); Kerdcharoen, T (Kerdcharoen, Teerakiat); Williams, DB (Williams, Desmond B.); Sinchaipanid, N (Sinchaipanid, Nuttanan) Title: Development and Optimization of Micro/Nanoporous Osmotic Pump Tablets Source: AAPS PHARMSCITECH, 11 (2): 924-935 JUN 2010 Abstract: Micro/nanoporous osmotic pump tablets coated with cellulose acetate containing polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) as pore formers were fabricated. Propranolol hydrochloride was used as a model drug in this study. Formulation optimization based on USP 31 requirements was conducted following a central composite design using a two-level factorial plan involving two membrane variables (pore former and coating levels). Effect of molecular weight of pore former (PVP K30 and PVP K90) was also evaluated. Responses of drug release to the variables were analyzed using statistical software (MINITAB 14). Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the pores formed by PVP. The drug release was dependent on the molecular weight and concentration of PVP and the level of coating. The results showed that acceptable 12-h profile could be achieved with only specific range of PVP K30-containing membrane at the defined membrane thickness. However, satisfactory 24-h profile could be accomplished by both PVP K30 and PVP K90-containing membrane at the range and membrane thickness tested. Preparation and testing of the optimized formulation showed a good correlation between predicted and observed values. ISSN: 1530-9932 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9446-4 Record 557 of 726 Author(s): Vanlerberghe, V (Vanlerberghe, V.); Trongtokit, Y (Trongtokit, Y.); Cremonini, L (Cremonini, L.); Jirarojwatana, S (Jirarojwatana, S.); Apiwathnasorn, C (Apiwathnasorn, C.); Van der Stuyft, P (Van der Stuyft, P.) Title: Residual insecticidal activity of long-lasting deltamethrin-treated curtains after 1 year of household use for dengue control Source: TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH, 15 (9): 1067-1071 SEP 2010 Abstract: P>Objective To evaluate the residual insecticidal activity of the PermaNet (R) curtains on Aedes aegypti after 1 year of use in Thai households and to assess the influence of sun and dust exposure, washing practices and detergent use. Methods We sampled UV-protected PermaNet (R) curtains made of a long-lasting deltamethrin-[55 mg/m2] treated polyester netting, before (10 curtains) and after 8 (10 curtains) and 12 months (66 curtains) of household use in a field site in Chon Buri, Thailand. We assessed the residual insecticidal activity of the curtains by standard WHO bioassay, using a deltamethrin-susceptible insectarium Aedes aegypti strain. Results Mosquito mortality was 100% before distribution, 100% at 8 months and 98.2% (95% CI 97.9-98.5) at 12 months of use. Sunlight, hand-washing and detergent use had no effect on the residual insecticidal activity after 12 months. However, the mosquito survival rate increased by a factor of 6.4 (95% CI 3.5-11.8) on machine-washed curtains and by a factor of 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-2.9) on curtains not covered by dust. Conclusion The residual insecticidal activity of PermaNet (R) curtains remains high after 12 months use under field conditions. ISSN: 1360-2276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02582.x Record 558 of 726 Author(s): Soodchomshom, B (Soodchomshom, Bumned) Title: Magnetic gap effect on the tunneling conductance in a topological insulator ferromagnet/superconductor junction Source: PHYSICS LETTERS A, 374 (34): 3561-3566 JUL 26 2010 Abstract: The tunneling conductance on the surface of a topological-insulator-based ferromagnet/superconductor (F/S) structure is studied where S is an s-wave superconductor with superconducting order parameter similar to Delta. The conductance is calculated based on the BTK formalism. The magnetization in F is applied along the z-direction ((m) over bar < 0, 0, M >) in order to induce the energy-mass gaps (m) for the Dirac electrons in the F-region. In this work, the influence of energy gap due to the magnetic field in the F-region on the conductance is emphasized. The Fermi energy mismatch between F (E-FF = E-F) and S (E-FS = E-F + U), where the gate potential U is applied to the electrode on top of S. is also considered. As a result, a biased voltage V can cause the conductance switch at eV = Delta, depending on the value of the magnetic field. The conductance is found to be linearly dependent on either m or U. The slope of the curve can also be adjusted. This linear behavior in a topological-insulator-based F/S structure may be valuable for electronic applications of the linear-control-current devices. The tunneling conductances of the quasi-Dirac-particle in a topological-insulator-based F/S junction are quite different from those of a graphene-based F/S junction. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0375-9601 DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2010.06.055 Record 559 of 726 Author(s): Baimark, Y (Baimark, Yodthong); Srihanam, P (Srihanam, Prasong); Srisuwan, Y (Srisuwan, Yaowalak); Phinyocheep, P (Phinyocheep, Pranee) Title: Preparation of Porous Silk Fibroin Microparticles by a Water-in-Oil Emulsification-Diffusion Method Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 118 (2): 1127-1133 OCT 15 2010 Abstract: Porous silk fibroin (SF) microparticles were prepared by a simple one-step water-in-oil emulsification-diffusion method. Aqueous SF solution and organic phase solvent were used as water and oil phases, respectively. Four organic solvents with different water solubility were studied, i.e., ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, and chloroform. Influences of organic phase solvent, water/oil volume ratio, and SF concentration on SF microparticle characteristics were investigated. It was found that shape of the SF microparticles depended upon the type of organic phase solvent. The SF microparticles with hollow or bowl-like shape were fabricated when organic solvents with higher water solubility, which are ethyl acetate and diethyl ether, were used as the continuous oil phase. While using organic solvents with lower water solubility, i.e., dichloromethane and chloroform resulted in the spherical shape SF microspheres. The water/oil volume ratios and the SF concentrations did not affect on the bowl-like and spherical shapes of SF microparticles. Results from scanning electron microscope shows that all the SF microparticle matrices were porous structures. Using ethyl acetate and diethyl ether as the oil phase gave larger SF microparticle sizes than using dichloromethane and chloroform. The influences of water/oil volume ratio and the SF concentration showed slightly effect on the sizes of SF microparticles. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 1127-1133, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.32506 Record 560 of 726 Author(s): Chansrichavala, P (Chansrichavala, Praveen); Chantharaksri, U (Chantharaksri, Udom); Sritara, P (Sritara, Piyamitr); Ngaosuwankul, N (Ngaosuwankul, Nathamon); Chaiyaroj, SC (Chaiyaroj, Sansanee C.) Title: Atorvastatin affects TLR4 clustering via lipid raft modulation Source: INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY, 10 (8): 892-899 AUG 2010 Abstract: Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are used widely in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Apart from lowering lipid levels, statins have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. Previously we showed that atorvastatin inhibits NF-kappa B activation, dose and time dependently, in LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of atorvastatin via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in murine pro-B cell lines transfected with TLR4. Co-treatment of LPS-stimulated cells with both atorvastatin and mevalonate rescued NF-kappa B activation and TLR4 blockade demonstrated that atorvastatin does not exert its inhibitory effect via TLR4 receptor-ligand binding mechanism. Further investigation into the anti-inflammatory mechanism has shown that atorvastatin causes an impairment of TLR4 recruitment into the lipid raft thereby affecting anti-inflammatory responses. In contrast, mevalonate repaired lipid raft function leading to TLR4 clustering in the lipid raft. Together, these data suggest that atorvastatin exerts its anti-inflammatory effect via lipid raft modification. This novel finding offers another insight into the pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin and may be applicable to other pattern recognition receptors that utilize membrane lipid raft as a platform for signal transduction. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1567-5769 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.04.027 Record 561 of 726 Author(s): Lirdprapamongkol, K (Lirdprapamongkol, Kriengsak); Sakurai, H (Sakurai, Hiroaki); Suzuki, S (Suzuki, Shunsuke); Koizumi, K (Koizumi, Keiichi); Prangsaengtong, O (Prangsaengtong, Orawin); Viriyaroj, A (Viriyaroj, Amornrat); Ruchirawat, S (Ruchirawat, Somsak); Svasti, J (Svasti, Jisnuson); Saiki, I (Saiki, Ikuo) Title: Vanillin Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells through Inhibition of NF-kappa B Activation Source: IN VIVO, 24 (4): 501-506 JUL-AUG 2010 Abstract: Background: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent which selectively kills cancer cells with little effect on normal cells. However, TRAIL resistance is widely found in cancer cells. We have previously reported antimetatstatic and antiangiogenic effects of vanillin, a flavoring agent from vanilla. Here we have evaluated the sensitizing effect of vanillin on a TRAIL-resistant human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. Materials and Methods: Cell viability after treatments was determined by the WST-1 cell counting kit. Apoptosis was demonstrated by detection of caspase-3 activation and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase using immunoblot analysis. Effect of treatments on TRAIL signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (FN-kappa B) activation was studied using immunoblot analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Results: Pretreatment of HeLa cells with vanillin enhanced TRAIL-induced cell death through the apoptosis pathway. Vanillin pretreatment inhibited TRAIL-induced phosphorylation of p65 and transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B. Conclusion: Vanillin sensitizes HeLa cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation. ISSN: 0258-851X Record 562 of 726 Author(s): Witoonpanich, R (Witoonpanich, Rawiphan); Vichayanrat, E (Vichayanrat, Ekawat); Tantisiriwit, K (Tantisiriwit, Kanit); Wongtanate, M (Wongtanate, Manas); Sucharitchan, N (Sucharitchan, Niwatchai); Oranrigsupak, P (Oranrigsupak, Petchdee); Chuesuwan, A (Chuesuwan, Aphinya); Nakarawat, W (Nakarawat, Weeraworn); Tima, A (Tima, Ariya); Suwatcharangkoon, S (Suwatcharangkoon, Sureerat); Ingsathit, A (Ingsathit, Atiporn); Rattanasiri, S (Rattanasiri, Sasivimol); Wananukul, W (Wananukul, Winai) Title: Survival analysis for respiratory failure in patients with food-borne botulism Source: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY, 48 (3): 177-183 MAR 2010 Abstract: Introduction. Botulism is a rare presynaptic neuromuscular junction disorder caused by potent toxins produced by the anaerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Food-borne botulism is caused by the ingestion of foods contaminated with botulinum toxin. In March 2006, there was a large outbreak of food-borne botulism associated with the ingestion of home-canned bamboo shoots in Thailand. The survival analyses for respiratory failure in these patients were studied and are reported here. Methods. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on this outbreak. The primary outcome of interest was the time to respiratory failure. The secondary outcome was the time to weaning off ventilator. The prognostic factors associated with respiratory failure and weaning off ventilator are presented. Results. A total of 91 in-patients with baseline clinical characteristics were included. Most cases first presented with gastrointestinal symptoms followed by neurological symptoms, the most striking of which being difficulty in swallowing. Common clinical features included ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, proximal muscle weakness, pupillary abnormality, and respiratory failure. Forty-two patients developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and the median duration on ventilator was 14 days. The median length of hospital stay for all patients was 13.5 days. Difficulty in breathing, moderate to severe ptosis, and dilated and fixed pupils were associated with respiratory failure. Among patients who were on ventilators, a short incubation period and pupillary abnormality were associated with a longer period of mechanical ventilation. All patients had antitoxin injection and there was no mortality in this outbreak. Conclusion. The history of difficult breathing and the findings of moderate to severe ptosis and pupillary abnormality were associated with severe illness and respiratory failure. A long incubation time was associated with a better prognosis. Although botulism is a potentially fatal disease, there was no mortality in this outbreak. All patients had antitoxin injection and good intensive care that resulted in good clinical outcomes.</. ISSN: 1556-3650 DOI: 10.3109/15563651003596113 Record 563 of 726 Author(s): Sribhen, K (Sribhen, Kosit); Piyophirapong, S (Piyophirapong, Sudarat); Wannasilp, N (Wannasilp, Nilrat) Title: Cardiac troponin T concentrations in healthy adolescents Source: CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA, 411 (19-20): 1542-1543 OCT 9 2010 ISSN: 0009-8981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.05.042 Record 564 of 726 Author(s): Thitithanyanont, A (Thitithanyanont, Arunee); Engering, A (Engering, Anneke); Uiprasertkul, M (Uiprasertkul, Monkol); Ekchariyawat, P (Ekchariyawat, Peeraya); Wiboon-ut, S (Wiboon-ut, Suwimon); Kraivong, R (Kraivong, Romchat); Limsalakpetch, A (Limsalakpetch, Amporn); Kum-Arb, U (Kum-Arb, Utaiwan); Yongvanitchit, K (Yongvanitchit, Kosol); Sa-Ard-Iam, N (Sa-Ard-Iam, Noppadol); Rukyen, P (Rukyen, Pimprapa); Mahanonda, R (Mahanonda, Rangsini); Kawkitinarong, K (Kawkitinarong, Kamon); Auewarakul, P (Auewarakul, Prasert); Utaisincharoen, P (Utaisincharoen, Pongsak); Sirisinha, S (Sirisinha, Stitaya); Mason, CJ (Mason, Carl J.); Fukuda, MM (Fukuda, Mark M.); Pichyangkul, S (Pichyangkul, Sathit) Title: Antiviral immune responses in H5N1-infected human lung tissue and possible mechanisms underlying the hyperproduction of interferon-inducible protein IP-10 Source: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 398 (4): 752-758 AUG 6 2010 Abstract: Information on the immune response against H5N1 within the lung is lacking. Here we describe the sustained antiviral immune responses, as indicated by the expression of MxA protein and IFN-alpha mRNA, in autopsy lung tissue from an H5N1-infected patient. H5N1 infection of primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells and lung microvascular endothelial cells induced IP-10, and also up-regulated the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I). Down-regulation of RIG-I gene expression decreased IP-10 response. Co-culturing of H5N1-infected pulmonary cells with TNF-alpha led to synergistically enhanced production of IP-10. In the absence of viral infection, TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha also synergistically enhanced IP-10 response. Methylprednisolone showed only a partial inhibitory effect on this chemokine response. Our findings strongly suggest that both the H5N1 virus and the locally produced antiviral cytokines; IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha may have an important role in inducing IP-10 hyperresponse, leading to inflammatory damage in infected lung. Published by Elsevier Inc. ISSN: 0006-291X DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.017 Record 565 of 726 Author(s): Katchamart, W (Katchamart, Wanruchada); Johnson, S (Johnson, Sindhu); Lin, HJL (Lin, Hsing-Ju Lucy); Phumethum, V (Phumethum, Veerapong); Salliot, C (Salliot, Carine); Bombardier, C (Bombardier, Claire) Title: Predictors for Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Systematic Review Source: ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH, 62 (8): 1128-1143 AUG 2010 ISSN: 2151-464X DOI: 10.1002/acr.20188 Record 566 of 726 Author(s): Suntornsuk, L (Suntornsuk, Leena) Title: Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical analysis Source: ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 398 (1): 29-52 SEP 2010 Abstract: This review covers recent advances of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in pharmaceutical analysis. The principle, instrumentation, and conventional modes of CE are briefly discussed. Advances in the different CE techniques (non-aqueous CE, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography, capillary isotachophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, and immunoaffinity CE), detection techniques (mass spectrometry, light-emitting diode, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and contactless conductivity), on-line sample pretreatment (flow injection) and chiral separation are described. Applications of CE to assay of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drug impurity testing, chiral drug separation, and determination of APIs in biological fluids published from 2008 to 2009 are tabulated. ISSN: 1618-2642 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3741-5 Record 567 of 726 Author(s): Blacksell, SD (Blacksell, Stuart D.); Jenjaroen, K (Jenjaroen, Kemajittra); Phetsouvanh, R (Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone); Tanganuchitcharnchai, A (Tanganuchitcharnchai, Ampai); Phouminh, P (Phouminh, Phonlavanh); Phongmany, S (Phongmany, Simalee); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.); Newton, PN (Newton, Paul N.) Title: Accuracy of Rapid IgM-Based Immunochromatographic and Immunoblot Assays for Diagnosis of Acute Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus Infections in Laos Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 83 (2): 365-369 AUG 2010 Abstract: We studied the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for detection of IgM against scrub typhus (ST ICT) and an immunoblot test for the detection of IgM against murine typhus (MT IBT) by using admission serum samples from 1,030 febrile patients in Laos. Sensitivity and specificity for the Si ICT determined by using the diagnostic criteria of a tour-fold increase in IgM against Orientia tsutsugamusht between paned samples were 23.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15 9-33 3%) and 86 2% (95% CI = 84 1-88.6%), respectively Sensitivity and specificity for the ST ICT determined by using an admission IgM titer >= 1 400 were 39.1% (95% CI = 34 1-44 2%) and 99 5% (95% CI = 98 7-99 9%), respectively Sensitivity and specificity for the MT IBT determined by using the criteria of a four-fold Increase in le,M against Rickettsia typht between paired serum samples were 61 2% (95% CI = 53 7-68 3%) and 86 5% (95% CI = 84 1-88 8%). respectively Sensitivity and specificity for the MT IBT determined by using an admission IgM titer >= 1 400 were 54 6% (95% CI = 49 1-60 0%) and 94.1% (95% CI = 92 0-95 7%), respectively Both assays had relatively good specificity but low sensitivity and thus have limited utility for admission diagnosis ISSN: 0002-9637 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0534 Record 568 of 726 Author(s): Tabsan, N (Tabsan, N.); Wirasate, S (Wirasate, S.); Suchiva, K (Suchiva, K.) Title: Abrasion behavior of layered silicate reinforced natural rubber Source: WEAR, 269 (5-6): 394-404 JUL 19 2010 Abstract: The abrasion resistance and abrasion behavior of Montmorillonite (MMT) filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were investigated Cure characteristic results indicated that both pristine Montmorillonite (Na+-MMT) and organically modified Montmorillonite (OMMT) acted as accelerator for the vulcanization reaction of NR The abrasion resistance of NR was improved by the addition of either Na+-MMT or OMMT. OMMT filled NR composites showed superior abrasion resistance than those of Na+-MMT filled NR composites due to smaller size particles and better dispersion of OMMT in the NR matrix. DIN volume loss of NR was reduced by 91% when only 3 phr of OMMT was added. An addition of MMT resulted in the formation of ridges on the abraded surfaces of NR. Finer ridges with narrowed spacing on the abraded surfaces corresponded to better abrasion resistance of NR composites. An addition of silane (5169) resulted in the reduction of Na+-MMT particle size with the improvement of the abrasion resistance of the NR/Na+-MMT composites and better defined ridges on the abraded surfaces. Particle size and dispersion of OMMT remained the same by the addition of Si69. thus, the abrasion resistance, abrasion pattern and mechanical properties were not affected (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. ISSN: 0043-1648 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.04.018 Record 569 of 726 Author(s): Preechapornkul, P (Preechapornkul, P.); Chotivanich, K (Chotivanich, K.); Imwong, M (Imwong, M.); Dondorp, A (Dondorp, Am); Lee, SJ (Lee, S. J.); Day, NPJ (Day, N. P. J.); White, NJ (White, N. J.); Pukrittayakamee, S (Pukrittayakamee, S.) Title: OPTIMIZING THE CULTURE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN HOLLOW FIBER BIOREACTORS Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 761-769 JUL 2010 Abstract: The hollow fiber bioreactor (HFBR) is a cell culturing system allowing continuous perfusion of medium. It was designed to grow microorganisms in a dynamically altering medium mimicking change in. the in vivo intravascular and extravascular compartments. The cell compartment (extra capillary space) and medium compartment (intra capillary space) are connected through pores of semipermeable fiber membranes. These membranes allow exchange of gas and nutrients. We have adapted this system for the ex vivo culture of Plasmodium falciparum at high parasite densities. A Thai P. falciparum isolate (TM036) cultured in RPMI, supplemented with 0.5% Albumax II, could be maintained continuously in the system by daily changes of a small volumes of medium. Under optimized conditions the HFBR cultures attained 8% parasitemia in 40% hematocrit, thereby providing a total parasite biomass of 6.0x10(9) parasitized erythrocytes. The main problem encountered was clogging of micropores in the hollow fiber system by cellular debris over time. Although 'reverse flushing' partly prevented this, a larger pore size might be needed to overcome this problem. The system opens new possibilities for the study of in vitro drug sensitivity under conditions mimicking in vivo pharmacokinetics, and the selection of anti-malarial drug resistance and associated parasite biological and genomic changes. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 570 of 726 Author(s): Roongruangchai, K (Roongruangchai, Kosol); Kummalue, T (Kummalue, Tanawan); Sookkua, T (Sookkua, Tichaporn); Roongruangchai, J (Roongruangchai, Jantima) Title: COMPARISON OF POUZOLZIA INDICA METHANOLIC EXTRACT AND VIRKON (R) AGAINST CYSTS OF ACANTHAMOEBA SPP Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 776-784 JUL 2010 Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the morphological and structural changes of Acanthamoeba cysts after being treated with various concentrations of Pouzolzia indica methanolic extract fraction 3 (methanol eluted) and Virkon (R) solution. Changes in the Acanthamoeba cysts were detected by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show Acanthamoeba cysts were killed by Pouzolzia indica methanolic extract fraction 3 at a concentration of 1:8 and by Virkon (R) solution at a concentration of 0.25%, with a minimal cysticidal concentration (MCC) by 24 hours. Both agents caused similar structural damage to Acanthamoeba cysts in the same sequence. Step by step structural alterations occurred within the cyst. First, the cyst shrank, collapsed and had clumping of cytoplasmic stuctures inside the cyst walls. Second, the cysts began to bulge, swell, have a decrease in wrinkles in the cyst walls and spill the cytoplasmic contents into the environment. Finally, the cyst walls broke into small pieces. This study may be beneficial to compare with future studies of pharmaceutical agents against Acanthamoeba keratitis. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 571 of 726 Author(s): Vitta, A (Vitta, Apichat); Yoshino, TP (Yoshino, Timothy P.); Kalambaheti, T (Kalambaheti, Thareerat); Komalamisra, C (Komalamisra, Chalit); Waikagu, J (Waikagu, Jitra); Ruangsittichai, J (Ruangsittichai, Jiraporn); Dekumyoy, P (Dekumyoy, Paron) Title: APPLICATION OF RECOMBINANT SMR-DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN OF ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN IMMUNOBLOT DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 785-799 JUL 2010 Abstract: The aim of this study was to find novel proteins expressed from an Angiostrongylus cantonensis adult female worm cDNA library for serodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis. An immuno-dominant clone, fAC22, was identified by immunoscreening with pooled positive sera from proven angiostrongyliasis patients. The clone contained an open reading frame of 2,136 bp encoding a 80.5 kDa protein with a predicted isoelectric point of 5.8. The deduced amino acid sequence (712 amino acids) contained the conserved domain of Small mutS related (Smr) superfamily protein, with similarity with the Smr domain protein of Brugia malayi. The fusion His-tagged 81 kDa recombinant protein expressed as inclusion body in Escherichia coli was solubilized and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography for use in immunoblot analysis. Its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in immunodiagnostic test was 93.5, 91.5, 79.0 and 97.5%, respectively. Although some cross-reactivity of the antigen was observed among gnathostomiasis, bancroftian filariasis, ascariasis, echinococcosis, paragonimiasis and opisthorchiasis, sera from 14 other infections were all negative. These data indicate its possible application in immunodiagnosis of clinically suspected angiostrongyliasis. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 572 of 726 Author(s): Pakdee, W (Pakdee, Wallop); Waikagul, J (Waikagul, Jitra); Kalambaheti, T (Kalambaheti, Thareerat); Ito, A (Ito, Akira); Dekumyoy, P (Dekumyoy, Paron) Title: ISO-ELECTRICFOCUSING OF BITHYNIA SNAIL ANTIGENS FOR IGG-AND IGG(1-4) -ELISA DETECTION OF HUMAN OPISTHORCHIASIS Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 813-820 JUL 2010 Abstract: Diagnosis of opisthorchiasis is confirmed by the presence of characteristic eggs and worms. However, misdiagnosis may occur in light infections, and also due to the morphological similarity of opisthorchid eggs to other species. A finding of specific immune mediators can help confirm infection. This study used indirect ELISA to detect total IgG and 1gG(1-4) with selected antigens of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos extract, which were derived by liquid-phase isoelectricfocusing (IFE). Antigens (Iso-AgF) from 20 IEF fractionated fractions were selected based on a high ELISA-OD ratio between pooled-positive and pooled-negative sera. Iso-AgF 7, 7, 6, 2, and 10 resulted in high OD-ratio to total IgG, IgG1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. A full-scale ELISA was conducted with sera from 50 opisthorchiasis cases, 196 from other parasitic-disease cases, and 35 healthy controls. Iso-AgF7 to IgG(1) showed the best result, with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 100, 96, 86, and 100%, respectively, at a cut-off 0.221. Low cross-reactivity to IgG(1) was found in one case each of gnathostomiasis, trichinellosis, toxocariasis, angiostrongyliasis, bancroftian filariasis, enterobiasis, neurocysticercosis, and taeniasis. Thus, Iso-AgF7 to IgG(1) was a good candidate antigen to be developed for detection of antibodies zigainst Opisthorchis viverrini. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 573 of 726 Author(s): Lulitanond, A (Lulitanond, Aroonlug); Chanawong, A (Chanawong, Aroonwadee); Sribenjalux, P (Sribenjalux, Pipat); Wilailuckana, C (Wilailuckana, Chotechana); Kaewkes, W (Kaewkes, Wanlop); Vorachit, M (Vorachit, Malai); Ito, T (Ito, Teruyo); Hiramatsu, K (Hiramatsu, Keiichi) Title: PRELIMINARY REPORT OF SCCMEC-TYPES AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES FROM A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN THAILAND Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 920-927 JUL 2010 Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has spread worldwide. It is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections in most hospitals for nearly half century. The present study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial susceptibilities and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-type for MRSA isolates from 237 patients treated at Srinagarind Hospital between September 2002 and August 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all isolates was performed using an agar dilution method and SCCmec-types of 81 representatives from 237 isolates were determined using multiplex PCR. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges for the MRSA isolates were as follows: cefazolin 8 to >= 64; erythromycin <= 0.5 to >= 64; gentamicin <= 0.5 to >= 64; imipenem <= 0.5 to > 16; ofloxacin <= 0.5 to >= 64; oxacillin 16 to >= 64; tetracycline 2 to >= 64 and vancomycin <= 0.5 to 2 mu g/ml. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, but only 0.4% to 8.9% was susceptible to the remaining antimicrobial agents. Of the 81 isolates tested, 2 types of SCCmec were found (76 with type III and 2 with type II) and no mecA gene was detected in 3 isolates. Sixty-seven of the 78 isolates carried the mercury-resistant operon. The multilocus sequence type in isolates with type III SCCmec was ST239 and in isolates with type II SCCmec was ST5. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 574 of 726 Author(s): Leopairut, J (Leopairut, Juvady); Larbcharoensub, N (Larbcharoensub, Noppadol); Cheewaruangroj, W (Cheewaruangroj, Wichit); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, Somnuek); Sathapatayavongs, B (Sathapatayavongs, Boonmee) Title: RHINOFACIAL ENTOMOPHTHORAMYCOSIS; A CASE SERIES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 928-935 JUL 2010 Abstract: Rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis is an uncommon chronic mycotic disease caused by exposure to the organism Conidiobolus coronatus. The authors report a case series of 5 patients with rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis and review the literature. All patients had typical involvement of the rhinofacial area with formation of subcutaneous lesions causing a chronic granulomatous inflammatory response with tissue eosinophilia and Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. Diagnoses were made based on histopathologic examination in all cases and fungi were isolated and identified in one case. The clinicopathologic features and therapeutic management of rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis are described. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 575 of 726 Author(s): Nyunt, SW (Nyunt, Sandhi Wynn); Howteerakul, N (Howteerakul, Nopporn); Suwannapong, N (Suwannapong, Nawarat); Rajatanun, T (Rajatanun, Thitipat) Title: SELF-EFFICACY, SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG TYPE-2 DIABETES PATIENTS ATTENDING TWO PRIVATE CLINICS IN YANGON, MYANMAR Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 943-951 JUL 2010 Abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of glycemic control and its associated factors among type-2 diabetes patients attending two private clinics in Yangon, Myanmar. Two hundred sixty-six diabetes patients attending two private diabetes clinics in Yangon during February and March, 2009 were included in the study. The participants completed a structured questionnaire. HbA(1c) was used as the index for glycemic control. The prevalence of successful glycemic control (HbA(1c)<= 7%) was 27.1%. The median HbA(1c) value was 7.8%. About 62.0% of patients had high self-efficacy levels, and 30.8% had good self-care behavior. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed four variables associated with glycemic control: age 60 years (OR 2.46, 95%CI 1.17-5.21), taking one oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) (OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.26-5.19), being overweight (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.02-3.95) and having a high self-efficacy level (OR 5.29, 95%CI 2.20-12.75). Interventions to increase diabetic patient self-efficacy levels and self-care behavior, especially related to diet and exercise, are needed to reduce poor glycemic control. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 576 of 726 Author(s): Siriarunrat, S (Siriarunrat, Supit); Lapvongwatana, P (Lapvongwatana, Punyarat); Powwattana, A (Powwattana, Arpaporn); Leerapan, P (Leerapan, Prasit) Title: DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR PARENT-ADOLESCENT DAUGHTER COMMUNICATION ABOUT SEXUALITY Source: SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 41 (4): 961-972 JUL 2010 Abstract: This study aimed to develop a model for parent-adolescent daughter communication about sexuality (PDCS). The subjects were 18 mother-doughter pairs. The females were 12-13 years old studying in the 7(th) grade of a secondary school in Bangkok. The model had 3 parts: 1) the process of PDCS development, 2) the essential components, characteristics and patterns of PDCS and 3) the impact of the program. The model was examined using both quantitative (paired t-test) and qualitative (content analysis) methods. The inputs, assessing the guardian and adolescent female factors, included sexuality knowledge, understanding of the daughter's sexual development, attitudes regarding talking about sexuality, perceptions regarding communication and the maternal-daughter relationship, and uncomfortable feelings and confidence in ability to talk about sexuality. The processes included: 1) raising awareness and enhancing positive attitudes about PDCS, 2) establishing sexual knowledge and development, 3) establishing a maternal-daughter relationship and 4) training in reciprocal PDCS skills. The output was modification of maternal and daughter communication skills that occurred during the shared discussion and reflection process. The outcomes reflected 4 aspects: feelings toward PDCS, characteristics of PDCS, sexual knowledge, and maternal-daughter relationship. The model was successful in guardian implementation and networking were established on their own with the cooperation of both subjects in accordance with their likenesses, abilities, and competencies. There was little assistance needed from the researcher or teacher to support self reliance with the PDCS. ISSN: 0125-1562 Record 577 of 726 Author(s): Riyajan, SA (Riyajan, Sa-Ad); Sakdapipanich, JT (Sakdapipanich, Jitladda T.) Title: Characterization of biodegradable semi-interpenetrating polymer based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium alginate containing natural neem (Azadirachta indica) for controlled release application Source: POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, 59 (8): 1130-1140 AUG 2010 Abstract: A biodegradable novel semi-interpenetrating polymer network based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium alginate containing neem (Azadirachta indica) in the presence of azadirachtin-A (neem Aza-A) as well as glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent was prepared for use in the controlled released of neem Aza-A. This is necessary because neem Aza-A is not stable in the environment. The neem Aza-A-containing beads were prepared using various experimental parameters, such as the extent of crosslinking and the amount of loading, in order to optimize the process variables. The chemical structure of the capsule wall was evaluated through X-ray diffraction. In addition, the swelling behaviour of the capsules and their thermal stability were investigated. The strength of the capsule wall depended on the PVA in the matrix and the crosslinking density. Scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and atomic force microscopy data indicated that the structure of the bead walls is rough and nonporous. Swelling results indicated that swelling of the polymeric beads decreases with increasing exposure time to the crosslinking agent. At particular intervals, the remaining concentration of neem Aza-A was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The release data were fitted to an empirical equation to estimate the kinetic parameters. The degree of release of neem Aza-A was controlled by the parameter conditions. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry ISSN: 0959-8103 DOI: 10.1002/pi.2839 Record 578 of 726 Author(s): Valecha, N (Valecha, Neena); Phyo, AP (Phyo, Aung Pyae); Mayxay, M (Mayxay, Mayfong); Newton, PN (Newton, Paul N.); Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha); Keomany, S (Keomany, Sommay); Khanthavong, M (Khanthavong, Maniphone); Pongvongsa, T (Pongvongsa, Tiengkham); Ruangveerayuth, R (Ruangveerayuth, Ronnatrai); Uthaisil, C (Uthaisil, Chirapong); Ubben, D (Ubben, David); Duparc, S (Duparc, Stephan); Bacchieri, A (Bacchieri, Antonella); Corsi, M (Corsi, Marco); Rao, BHK (Rao, Bappanad H. K.); Bhattacharya, PC (Bhattacharya, Prabash C.); Dubhashi, N (Dubhashi, Nagesh); Ghosh, SK (Ghosh, Susanta K.); Dev, V (Dev, Vas); Kumar, A (Kumar, Ashwani); Pukittayakamee, S (Pukittayakamee, Sasithon) Title: An Open-Label, Randomised Study of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Versus Artesunate-Mefloquine for Falciparum Malaria in Asia Source: PLOS ONE, 5 (7): Art. No. e11880 JUL 30 2010 Abstract: Background: The artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT) of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and piperaquine (PQP) is a promising novel anti-malarial drug effective against multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria. The aim of this study was to show non-inferiority of DHA/PQP vs. artesunate-mefloquine (AS+MQ) in Asia. Methods and Findings: This was an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, 63-day follow-up study conducted in Thailand, Laos and India. Patients aged 3 months to 65 years with Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection or mixed infection were randomised with an allocation ratio of 2: 1 to a fixed-dose DHA/PQP combination tablet (adults: 40 mg/160 mg; children: 20 mg/320 mg; n = 769) or loose combination of AS+MQ (AS: 50 mg, MQ: 250 mg; n = 381). The cumulative doses of study treatment over the 3 days were of about 6.75 mg/kg of DHA and 54 mg/kg of PQP and about 12 mg/kg of AS and 25 mg/kg of MQ. Doses were rounded up to the nearest half tablet. The primary endpoint was day-63 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotype-corrected cure rate. Results were 87.9% for DHA/PQP and 86.6% for AS+MQ in the intention-to-treat (ITT; 97.5% one-sided confidence interval, CI: >-2.87%), and 98.7% and 97.0%, respectively, in the per protocol population (97.5% CI: >-0.39%). No country effect was observed. Kaplan-Meier estimates of proportions of patients with new infections on day 63 (secondary endpoint) were significantly lower for DHA/PQP than AS+MQ: 22.7% versus 30.3% (p=0.0042; ITT). Overall gametocyte prevalence (days 7 to 63; secondary endpoint), measured as person-gametocyte-weeks, was significantly higher for DHA/PQP than AS+MQ (10.15% versus 4.88%; p = 0.003; ITT). Fifteen serious adverse events were reported, 12 (1.6%) in DHA/PQP and three (0.8%) in AS+MQ, among which six (0.8%) were considered related to DHA/PQP and three (0.8%) to AS+MQ. Conclusions: DHA/PQP was a highly efficacious drug for P. falciparum malaria in areas where multidrug parasites are prevalent. The DHA/PQP combination can play an important role in the first-line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. ISSN: 1932-6203 Article Number: e11880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011880 Record 579 of 726 Author(s): Chantasart, D (Chantasart, Doungdaw); Li, SK (Li, S. Kevin) Title: Relationship Between the Enhancement Effects of Chemical Permeation Enhancers on the Lipoidal Transport Pathway Across Human Skin Under the Symmetric and Asymmetric Conditions In Vitro Source: PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH, 27 (9): 1825-1836 SEP 2010 Abstract: Previously, the mechanisms of action of chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) were studied, and a quantitative structure-enhancement relationship for the lipoidal transport pathway of the stratum corneum was established under symmetric and equilibrium conditions. The present study examined whether the effects of CPEs under the asymmetric conditions could be predicted by those determined using the symmetric transport experimental approach. Both symmetric (same CPE concentration in both donor and receiver chambers) and asymmetric (CPE in the donor chamber only and phosphate-buffered saline solution in the receiver) transport experiments were carried out in a two-chamber side-by-side diffusion cell with human epidermal membrane (HEM). Corticosterone was the model permeant to probe the effects of CPEs upon the HEM lipoidal pathway under these conditions. A correlation between the experimental enhancement factors under the asymmetric conditions (E (Asym)) and those under the symmetric conditions (E (Sym)) was observed. The potencies of CPEs based on their donor concentrations are related to their lipophilicities. The results suggest that the symmetric configuration findings in the previous studies can be used to explain the effects of CPEs under the asymmetric condition likely encountered in practice and to understand drug delivery enhancement in transdermal enhancer formulation development. ISSN: 0724-8741 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0181-z Record 580 of 726 Author(s): Jariyapan, N (Jariyapan, Narissara); Baimai, V (Baimai, Visut); Poovorawan, Y (Poovorawan, Yong); Roytrakul, S (Roytrakul, Sittiruk); Saeung, A (Saeung, Atiporn); Thongsahuan, S (Thongsahuan, Sorawat); Suwannamit, S (Suwannamit, Sittiporn); Otsuka, Y (Otsuka, Yasushi); Choochote, W (Choochote, Wej) Title: Analysis of female salivary gland proteins of the Anopheles barbirostris complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand Source: PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH, 107 (3): 509-516 AUG 2010 Abstract: Electrophoretic protein profiles of female salivary glands of five sibling species within the Anopheles barbirostris complex, namely A. barbirostris species A1 (Forms A, B, and D), A2, A3, and A4 and Anopheles campestris-like (Forms B and E), were analyzed. At least eight major and several minor protein bands were detected in the glands of each species, of which each morphological region contained different major proteins. The protein profiles distinguished the five sibling species. The variability in major proteins among species was observed in the 40-48, 32-37, and 10-18 kDa ranges. No difference in protein profiles was found in different cytogenetic forms. Polymorphism of the protein profiles within species was only noted in species A4. The lowest major protein (marker) band of each species showed remarkably different relative mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. NanoLC-MS analysis revealed that the marker protein of some species matched with a protein involving in blood feeding, gSG6, of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles freeborni. These results might be useful for construction of an additional tool to distinguish the five sibling species and lead to further study on the evolution of blood feeding and pathogen transmission. ISSN: 0932-0113 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1883-1 Record 581 of 726 Author(s): Sae-Oui, P (Sae-Oui, Pongdhorn); Sirisinha, C (Sirisinha, Chakrit); Thaptong, P (Thaptong, Puchong); Intiya, W (Intiya, Weenusarin) Title: Possible Use of Ultra-Fine Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Powder as Filler in Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 118 (1): 353-358 OCT 5 2010 Abstract: Possible use of ultra-fine acrylonitrile butadiene rubber powder (UFNBRP) as a filler for natural rubber (NR) was investigated. The UFNBRP was added into NR at various concentrations, and the compound properties were determined. It is found that, with increasing UFNBRP loading, the compound viscosity is increased, whereas both scorch time and optimum curing time are significantly reduced. The results also reveal that UFNBRP has negative effect not only on crosslink density but also on most mechanical properties of the vulcanizate, such as tensile strength, tear strength, compression set, and abrasion resistance. The deterioration of these mechanical properties is thought to arise mainly from the combined effect of large phase size of the dispersed UFNBRP and low interfacial adhesion taking place from the polarity difference between UFNBRP and NR. Interestingly, it is found that, after aging, UFNBRP could promote postcuring phenomenon leading to increases of both relative 100% modulus and relative tensile strength. Oil resistance is also found to improve considerably with increasing UFNBRP loading. This improvement is mainly attributed to the dilution effect, i.e., the higher the UFNBRP loading, the lower the NR portion and, thus, the greater the oil resistance of the vulcanizate. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Appl Polym Sci 118: 353-358, 2010 ISSN: 0021-8995 DOI: 10.1002/app.32378 Record 582 of 726 Author(s): Laosiripojana, N (Laosiripojana, N.); Sutthisripok, W (Sutthisripok, W.); Kim-Lohsoontorn, P (Kim-Lohsoontorn, P.); Assabumrungrat, S (Assabumrungrat, S.) Title: Reactivity of Ce-ZrO2 (doped with La-, Gd-, Nb-, and Sm-) toward partial oxidation of liquefied petroleum gas: Its application for sequential partial oxidation/steam reforming Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, 35 (13): 6747-6756 Sp. Iss. SI JUL 2010 Abstract: Ce-ZrO2 was found to have useful partial oxidation activity under moderate temperatures. It converted liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to H-2, CH4, CO and CO2 with small amounts of C2H6 and C2H4 formations depending on the operating temperature and provided significantly greater resistance toward carbon deposition compared to conventional Ni/Al2O3. The doping of La, Sm and Gd over Ce-ZrO2 considerably improved catalytic reactivity, whereas Nb-doping reduced its reactivity. It was found that the impact of doping element is strongly related to the degrees of oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and/or lattice oxygen (O-O(x)) of materials. Among all catalysts, La-doped Ce-ZrO2 was observed to have highest OSC value and was the most active catalyst. Above 850 degrees C with inlet LPG/O-2 molar ratio of 1.0/1.0, the main products from the reaction over La-doped Ce-ZrO2 were H-2, CH4, CO, and CO2. Practical application was then proposed by applying La-doped Ce-ZrO2 as primary oxidative catalyst for sequential partial oxidation/steam reforming of LPG (by using Ni/ Al2O3 as the steam reforming catalyst). At 850 degrees C, this coupling pattern offered high H-2 yield (87.0-91.4%) without any hydrocarbons left in the products indicating the complete conversion of LPG to syngas. H-2 yield from this system was almost identical to that observed from the typical autothermal reforming over Rh/Al2O3; hence it could efficiently replace the requirement of expensive noble metal catalysts to reform LPG properly. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0360-3199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.04.095 Record 583 of 726 Author(s): Kongkachuichai, R (Kongkachuichai, Ratchanee); Charoensiri, R (Charoensiri, Rin); Sungpuag, P (Sungpuag, Pongtorn) Title: Carotenoid, flavonoid profiles and dietary fiber contents of fruits commonly consumed in Thailand Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION, 61 (5): 536-548 AUG 2010 Abstract: Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber and flavonoid contents in 21 varieties of Thai fruits, as well as carotenoids in five varieties of ripe durians were determined. Fresh fruits were purchased from five local markets in Bangkok during July 2008-May 2009. Dietary fiber content ranged from 0.71 to 3.58 g/100 g edible portion, with all five varieties of durian, guava, ripe banana and papaya being good sources of dietary fiber. Durian (Chanee, Kradom, and Puang manee variety) having yellow to deep-yellow color pulp had the highest carotenoid content. Durian, pomelo, guava and ripe banana were good sources of flavonoids; especially pomelo (Thong dee and Tuptimsayam variety) showed the greatest total flavonoid content (13,994.21 and 15,094.99 mu g/100 g edible portion). Data in this study demonstrated that Thai fruits are not only a good source of dietary fiber but also a good source of carotenoids and flavonoids. ISSN: 0963-7486 DOI: 10.3109/09637481003677308 Record 584 of 726 Author(s): Oyomopito, R (Oyomopito, R.); Lee, MP (Lee, M. P.); Phanuphak, P (Phanuphak, P.); Lim, PL (Lim, P. L.); Ditangco, R (Ditangco, R.); Zhou, J (Zhou, J.); Sirisanthana, T (Sirisanthana, T.); Chen, YMA (Chen, Y. M. A.); Pujari, S (Pujari, S.); Kumarasamy, N (Kumarasamy, N.); Sungkanuparph, S (Sungkanuparph, S.); Lee, CKC (Lee, C. K. C.); Kamarulzaman, A (Kamarulzaman, A.); Oka, S (Oka, S.); Zhang, FJ (Zhang, F. J.); Mean, CV (Mean, C. V.); Merati, T (Merati, T.); Tau, G (Tau, G.); Smith, J (Smith, J.); Li, PCK (Li, P. C. K.) Group Author(s): TREAT Asia HIV Observational Datab Title: Measures of site resourcing predict virologic suppression, immunologic response and HIV disease progression following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) Source: HIV MEDICINE, 11 (8): 519-529 SEP 2010 Abstract: Objectives Surrogate markers of HIV disease progression are HIV RNA in plasma viral load (VL) and CD4 cell count (immune function). Despite improved international access to antiretrovirals, surrogate marker diagnostics are not routinely available in resource-limited settings. Therefore, the objective was to assess effects of economic and diagnostic resourcing on patient treatment outcomes. Methods Analyses were based on 2333 patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) from 2000 onwards. Sites were categorized by World Bank country income criteria (high/low) and annual frequency of VL (>= 3, 1-2 or < 1) or CD4 (>= 3 or < 3) testing. Endpoints were time to AIDS/death and change in CD4 cell count and VL suppression (< 400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) at 12 months. Demographics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification, baseline VL/CD4 cell counts, hepatitis B/C coinfections and HAART regimen were covariates. Time to AIDS/death was analysed by proportional hazards models. CD4 and VL endpoints were analysed using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Results Increased disease progression was associated with site-reported VL testing less than once per year [hazard ratio (HR)=1.4; P=0.032], severely symptomatic HIV infection (HR=1.4; P=0.003) and hepatitis C virus coinfection (HR=1.8; P=0.011). A total of 1120 patients (48.2%) had change in CD4 cell count data. Smaller increases were associated with older age (P < 0.001) and 'Other' HIV source exposures, including injecting drug use and blood products (P=0.043). A total of 785 patients (33.7%) contributed to the VL suppression analyses. Patients from sites with VL testing less than once per year [odds ratio (OR)=0.30; P < 0.001] and reporting 'Other' HIV exposures experienced reduced suppression (OR=0.28; P < 0.001). Conclusion Low measures of site resourcing were associated with less favourable patient outcomes, including a 35% increase in disease progression in patients from sites with VL testing less than once per year. ISSN: 1464-2662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00822.x Record 585 of 726 Author(s): Chanprasertyothin, S (Chanprasertyothin, Suwannee); Saetung, S (Saetung, Sunee); Rajatanavin, R (Rajatanavin, Rajata); Ongphiphadhanakul, B (Ongphiphadhanakul, Boonsong) Title: Genetic variant in the aquaporin 9 gene is associated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women Source: ENDOCRINE, 38 (1): 83-86 AUG 2010 Abstract: This study investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the aquaporin 9 (AQP9) gene is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in Thai postmenopausal women, after an initial genome-wide screening using high-throughput SNP genotyping in pooled DNA samples. Subjects consisted of 516 postmenopausal women aged 50 or more. High-throughput SNP screening was performed by comparing the estimated allele frequency derived from hybridization signal intensities of pooled DNA samples on the Affymetrix 500 K SNP genotyping chip set. The SNP was then genotyped for each subject individually. Data were expressed as mean +/- A SEM. Pooled DNA SNP screening revealed the allele frequency of an intronic A/T SNP rs2414539 in the AQP9 gene as being different between subjects with femoral neck BMD in tertiles 1 and 3. Individual genotyping in all subjects revealed that femoral neck BMD in subjects with TT, TA, and AA genotypes were 0.79 +/- A 0.06 (n = 3), 0.75 +/- A 0.01 (n = 98), and 0.71 +/- A 0.01 g/cm(2) (n = 415), respectively. The presence of the T allele in rs2414539 was associated with femoral neck BMD (r = 0.11, P < 0.05) but not with lumbar spine BMD. The relationship was still significant after controlling for body weight and age (P < 0.05). Genetic variation in the AQP9 gene is associated with femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women, and may represent one of the susceptibility genes for phenotypes related to bone mass. ISSN: 0969-711X DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9353-1 Record 586 of 726 Author(s): Krajaejun, T (Krajaejun, Theerapong); Keeratijarut, A (Keeratijarut, Angsana); Sriwanichrak, K (Sriwanichrak, Kanchana); Lowhnoo, T (Lowhnoo, Tassanee); Rujirawat, T (Rujirawat, Thidarat); Petchthong, T (Petchthong, Thanom); Yingyong, W (Yingyong, Wanta); Kalambaheti, T (Kalambaheti, Thareerat); Smittipat, N (Smittipat, Nat); Juthayothin, T (Juthayothin, Tada); Sullivan, TD (Sullivan, Thomas D.) Title: The 74-Kilodalton Immunodominant Antigen of the Pathogenic Oomycete Pythium insidiosum Is a Putative Exo-1,3-beta-Glucanase Source: CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY, 17 (8): 1203-1210 AUG 2010 Abstract: The oomycetous, fungus-like, aquatic organism Pythium insidiosum is the causative agent of pythiosis, a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals living in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Common sites of infection are the arteries, eyes, cutaneous/subcutaneous tissues, and gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of pythiosis is time-consuming and difficult. Radical excision of the infected organs is the main treatment for pythiosis because conventional antifungal drugs are ineffective. An immunotherapeutic vaccine prepared from P. insidiosum crude extract showed limited efficacy in the treatment of pythiosis patients. Many pythiosis patients suffer lifelong disabilities or die from an advanced infection. Recently, we identified a 74-kDa major immunodominant antigen of P. insidiosum which could be a target for development of a more effective serodiagnostic test and vaccines. Mass spectrometric analysis identified two peptides of the 74-kDa antigen (s74-1 and s74-2) which perfectly matched a putative exo-1,3-beta-glucanase (EXO1) of Phytophthora infestans. Using degenerate primers derived from these peptides, a 1.1-kb product was produced by PCR, and its sequence was found to be homologous to that of the P. infestans exo-1,3-beta-glucanase gene, EXO1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays targeting the s74-1 and s74-2 synthetic peptides demonstrated that the 74-kDa antigen was highly immunoreactive with pythiosis sera but not with control sera. Phylogenetic analysis using part of the 74-kDa protein-coding sequence divided 22 Thai isolates of P. insidiosum into two clades. Further characterization of the putative P. insidiosum glucanase could lead to new diagnostic tests and to antimicrobial agents and vaccines for the prevention and management of the serious and life-threatening disease of pythiosis. ISSN: 1556-6811 DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00515-09 Record 587 of 726 Author(s): Burapapadh, K (Burapapadh, Kanokporn); Kumpugdee-Vollrath, M (Kumpugdee-Vollrath, Mont); Chantasart, D (Chantasart, Doungdaw); Sriamornsak, P (Sriamornsak, Pornsak) Title: Fabrication of pectin-based nanoemulsions loaded with itraconazole for pharmaceutical application Source: CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, 82 (2): 384-393 SEP 5 2010 Abstract: The aim of this study was to prepare nanoemulsions containing itraconazole (ITZ), a poorly water-soluble drug, using pectin as a polymeric emulsifier. Nanoemulsions were prepared by simple homogenization to avoid high-pressure conditions. The influences of type of internal phase, type and concentration of pectin on the droplet size, morphology, and zeta potential of the pectin-based emulsions were also examined. Nanoemulsions were achieved when chloroform was used as an internal phase while using caprylic/capric triglyceride can produce only micron-sized emulsions. Pectin with high degree of esterification offered good emulsion properties because of its high amount of hydrophobic molecules. The droplet size of emulsions decreased with the increased pectin concentration. The addition of 117 to the emulsion formulation was essential to obtain the nano-sized emulsions, resulting from the molecular association between 117 and pectin. It appears that 3% (w/w) pectin provided the most stable emulsion with the highest percent creaming. The obtained nanoemulsions may be subsequently developed as a self-emulsifying drug delivery system. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0144-8617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.071 Record 588 of 726 Author(s): Ruangwises, N (Ruangwises, Nongluck); Ruangwises, S (Ruangwises, Suthep) Title: Aflatoxin M-1 Contamination in Raw Milk within the Central Region of Thailand Source: BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 85 (2): 195-198 AUG 2010 Abstract: Aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) was found in all of the 240 raw milk samples collected from milk tanks of 80 dairy farms at a collecting center in the central region of Thailand. Milk samples from individual farms were collected in three seasons. The average concentration of AFM(1) in milk samples collected in winter (0.089 +/- A 0.034 mu g/L) was significantly higher than those in rainy season (0.071 +/- A 0.028 mu g/L) and summer (0.050 +/- A 0.021 mu g/L). The present study suggests that regulatory limits for AFM(1) are needed to regulate and ensure the quality of raw milk and milk products in Thailand. ISSN: 0007-4861 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0056-3 Record 589 of 726 Author(s): Ruamviboonsuk, P (Ruamviboonsuk, P.); Tadarati, M (Tadarati, M.); Vanichvaranont, S (Vanichvaranont, S.); Hanutsaha, P (Hanutsaha, P.); Pokawattana, N (Pokawattana, N.) Title: Photodynamic therapy combined with ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: results of a 1-year preliminary study Source: BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 94 (8): 1045-1051 AUG 2010 Abstract: Background/aims To determine the potential efficacy and safety of combined verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) with ranibizumab for the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods In this prospective, non-comparative, interventional study, 12 eyes from 12 patients that had active PCV were treated with PDT combined with three monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. The patients were then monitored monthly with measurements of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness quantified by optical coherence tomography for 1 year. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fluorescein angiography were performed every 3 months. The eyes were re-treated with PDT and a ranibizumab injection, or with solely ranibizumab injection when indicated. Results At month 12, the mean BCVA change from baseline was + 12.3 letters (p = 0.04). Eight patients (58.3%, p = 0.02) had a BCVA gain of 15 letters or more. One patient (8.3%, p = 1.0) had a BCVA loss of 15 letters or more. All patients underwent regression of polyps without recurrence. One patient experienced an insignificant subretinal haemorrhage. No other adverse event that could be attributed to the treatment was observed. Conclusions This combination therapy showed encouraging results concerning improving vision, reducing the incidence of subretinal haemorrhage and reducing the recurrence of polyps when compared to previously published data that reported PDT monotherapy for PCV. ISSN: 0007-1161 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.173120 Record 590 of 726 Author(s): Monteerarat, Y (Monteerarat, Yuwarat); Sakabe, S (Sakabe, Saori); Ngamurulert, S (Ngamurulert, Somying); Srichatraphimuk, S (Srichatraphimuk, Sirawat); Jiamtom, W (Jiamtom, Wasana); Chaichuen, K (Chaichuen, Kridsada); Thitithanyanont, A (Thitithanyanont, Arunee); Permpikul, P (Permpikul, Parichart); Songserm, T (Songserm, Taweesak); Puthavathana, P (Puthavathana, Pilaipan); Nidom, CA (Nidom, Chairul A.); Le, QM (Le Quynh Mai); Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K (Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko); Kawaoka, Y (Kawaoka, Yoshihiro); Auewarakul, P (Auewarakul, Prasert) Title: Induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages by avian and human influenza viruses Source: ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY, 155 (8): 1273-1279 AUG 2010 Abstract: The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 is known to induce high level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from primary macrophages. However, it is still unclear whether current H5N1 strains also induce high TNF-alpha production, as most of the data were derived from extinct clade 0 H5N1 strain. Here, we show that current clade 1 and 2 H5N1 strains induce variable levels of TNF-alpha that are not necessarily higher than those induced by seasonal influenza viruses. The result suggests that hyper-induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages is not always associated with a highly pathogenic phenotype. We further tested the contribution of the NS gene segment from H5N1 isolates to TNF-alpha induction by using reverse genetics. While NS conferred some variation in TNF-alpha induction when incorporated into an H1N1 virus genetic background, it did not affect TNF-alpha induction in an H5N1 virus genetic background, suggesting that other viral genes are involved. ISSN: 0304-8608 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0716-y Record 591 of 726 Author(s): Kaeoket, CKK (Kaeoket, Cholthida Kasetrtut Kampon) Title: Effect of Using Supernatant for Post-thawing Solution and Semen Extender prior to Insemination on Sow Reproductive Performance Source: THAI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, 40 (2): 171-178 JUN 2010 Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of using supernatant (seminal plasma: extender, 50:50 v/v) as post-thawing solution and semen extender on sow fertility. Fifteen sows were allocated into the following experimental groups: Groups A (control), sows (n=5) were inseminated with fresh semen, using a dose of 4x10(9) spermatozoa in 60 ml of Modena (TM) extender; Group B, sows (n=5) were inseminated with frozen semen (supplemented with 10 mM of L-cysteine), using a dose of 2x10(9) spermatozoa in 60 ml of supernatant (50% v/v of seminal plasma plus Modena (TM) extender); Group C, sows (n=5) were inseminated with frozen semen (supplemented with 10 mM of L-cysteine), using a dose of 2x10(9) spermatozoa in 60 ml of Modena (TM) extender. All sows were inseminated twice using an intrauterine catheter depending on their weaning to oestrous interval (WOI). Pregnancy rate (PR), farrowing rate (FR), total number of piglet born (TNB) and number of piglet born alive (NBA) were recorded. In group A, the PR and FR were 100%, TNB and NBA were 7.8 +/- 3.9 and 7 +/- 3.9, respectively. For frozen semen, PR, FR, TNB and NBA in group B were higher than group C (100% versus 60%, 60% versus 0%, 6.0 +/- 2.7 versus 0, 6.0 +/- 2.7 versus 0, respectively). In conclusion, using supernatant (50% v/v of seminal plasma plus Modena (TM)) as post-thawing solution and semen extender for artificial insemination in field condition improve sow fertility. ISSN: 0125-6491 Record 592 of 726 Author(s): Chanapiwat, P (Chanapiwat, Panida); Kaeoket, K (Kaeoket, Kampon); Tummaruk, P (Tummaruk, Padet) Title: The Sperm DNA Damage after Cryopreservation of Boar Semen in Relation to Post-thawed Semen Qualities, Antioxidant Supplementation and Boars Effects Source: THAI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, 40 (2): 187-193 JUN 2010 Abstract: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the damage of DNA of the frozen-thawed (FT) boar spermatozoa and to investigate the effect of various concentrations of L-cysteine supplementation on the sperm DNA damage. A total of 104 cryopreserved semen samples from twenty-six ejaculates of 16 proven boars were analyzed. Of these samples, each semen sample contained a different concentration of L-cysteine i.e., 0 (n=41), 5 (n=41), 10 (n=11) and 15 (n=11) mM. All of the semen samples were cryopreserved by, controlled-rate freezer. The semen was thawed at 50 degrees C for 12 sec and the damage to the sperm DNA was determined using acridine orange (AO) staining. The results revealed that, on average, the DNA damage was observed in 0.5% of the FT boar spermatozoa. DNA damage varied among the boars from 0.0% to 4.0%. The levels of DNA damage were 0.6%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.9% in the extenders supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 15 mM of L-cysteine, respectively (p>0.05). In conclusion, the DNA damage of the FT boar spermatozoa was relatively low. No adverse effect of L-cysteine supplementation up to 10 mM on the damage of the sperm DNA was found. Boar characteristic is the most important factor affecting the damage of the sperm DNA. ISSN: 0125-6491 Record 593 of 726 Author(s): Buranaamnuay, K (Buranaamnuay, Kakanang); Wongtawan, T (Wongtawan, Termpong); Masuwatana, S (Masuwatana, Sutthatip); Tummaruk, P (Tummaruk, Padet); Techakumphu, M (Techakumphu, Mongkol) Title: Intra-uterine and Deep intra-uterine Insemination using Cryopreserved Boar Semen in Spontaneously-ovulating Sows Source: THAI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, 40 (2): 215-219 JUN 2010 Abstract: The present study was performed to investigate the in vivo fertility of frozen-thawed (FT) boar semen after intra-uterine (IUI) and deep intra-uterine insemination (DIUI) in spontaneously-ovulating sows. A total of 48 weaned sows were included. The sows were divided into three groups, i.e. natural mating (NM) (n=30), IUI (n=9) and DIUI (n=9). In the IUI and DIUI groups, the sows were inseminated twice, at 24 and 36 h after the detection of oestrous by IUI with 2x10(9) spermatozoa/dose or DIUI with 1x10(9) spermatozoa/dose. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to determine the time of ovulation after insemination. The results revealed that the conception as determined by a 24-day non-return rate of the sows was 96.6%, 88.8% and 66.6% (p=0.03) and the farrowing rate (FR) was 96.6%, 66.6% and 66.6% (p=0.01) in NM, IUI and DIUI groups, respectively. The numbers of total piglets born per litter were 9.4 +/- 2.8, 11.3 +/- 2.9 and 7.6 +/- 3.1 piglets in the NM, IUI and DIUI groups, respectively (p=0.10). These data indicate that the spontaneously-ovulating weaned sows inseminated with either IUI or DIUI using a relatively low numbers of FT spermatozoa resulted in a lower FR compared to NM. The total number of piglets born per litter after RA was higher than DIUI. ISSN: 0125-6491 Record 594 of 726 Author(s): Carretero-Gonzalez, J (Carretero-Gonzalez, Javier); Ezquerra, TA (Ezquerra, Tiberio A.); Amnuaypornsri, S (Amnuaypornsri, Sureerut); Toki, S (Toki, Shigeyuki); Verdejo, R (Verdejo, Raquel); Sanz, A (Sanz, Alejandro); Sakdapipanich, J (Sakdapipanich, Jitladda); Hsiao, BS (Hsiao, Benjamin S.); Lopez-Manchado, MA (Lopez-Manchado, Miguel A.) Title: Molecular dynamics of natural rubber as revealed by dielectric spectroscopy: The role of natural cross-linking Source: SOFT MATTER, 6 (15): 3636-3642 2010 Abstract: In order to understand the molecular dynamics of natural rubber, the dielectric relaxation behavior of its different components were investigated. These components included: (1) the linear polyisoprene fraction, obtained after deproteinization and transesterification of natural rubber (TE-DPNR), (2) the gel (GEL) fraction, corresponding to pure natural chain-end cross-linked natural rubber, (3) deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), in which the protein cross-links at the omega-end have been removed, and (4) natural rubber (CNR) purified (through centrifugation) but still containing proteins, phospholipids and the sol phases. The dielectric relaxation behaviour of natural rubber revealed a segmental mode (SM) which is not affected by natural chain-end cross-linking (so-called naturally occurring network) and a normal mode (NM) which depends on a naturally occurring network. The dynamics of the NM, which is associated to chain mobility, seems to be strongly affected by natural chain-end cross-linking. We propose a model based on a hybrid star polymer in which the low mobility core (phospholipids) controls the mobility of the polyisoprene arms. ISSN: 1744-683X DOI: 10.1039/c003087b Record 595 of 726 Author(s): Nirachanon, A (Nirachanon, Anchalee); Smith, DR (Smith, Duncan R.) Title: A case study of factors influencing employment satisfaction in a Thai life sciences research institute Source: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND ESSAYS, 5 (13): 1697-1701 JUL 4 2010 Abstract: The objective of this study was to find the level of employment satisfaction in a life sciences research institute staffed by a mix of academic and non-academic staff. Both academic and non-academic staff members were included in the survey. The study population comprised 121 employees at the Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University. The instrument for gathering data was in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 27 questions as well as 5 basic demographic questions determining sex, age, level of education, rate of salary and working duration. Employment satisfaction was measured on a five point scale in terms of career progression, employment stability, job characteristic, relationship with colleagues, relationship to immediate supervisor and the physical work environment. Data were analyzed in both univariate and multivariate analyses. From the 121 questionnaires given out, 105 completed questionnaires were returned (86.78%). The majorities of the study population were females, and aged between 31 - 40 years old. In terms of education, the majority of respondents had a Bachelor's degree, earned between 10,001 20,000 Baht and had been employed for between 11 and 20 years. Overall, it was determined that the level of satisfaction was moderate, since the relationship with colleagues showed the highest level of satisfaction and career progression showed the lowest. In particular, longer serving staff members were more likely to feel that they were underserved in the provision of short, professional training sources. This is the first analysis of staff from a research institute in a developing country. Although, relatively simple in format, it may have application in other developing and under-developed countries as a quick and simple screening tool to determine the well being of the employees in research institutes. ISSN: 1992-2248 Record 596 of 726 Author(s): Sonthayanon, P (Sonthayanon, Piengchan); Peacock, SJ (Peacock, Sharon J.); Chierakul, W (Chierakul, Wirongrong); Wuthiekanun, V (Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn); Blacksell, SD (Blacksell, Stuart D.); Holden, MTG (Holden, Mathew T. G.); Bentley, SD (Bentley, Stephen D.); Feil, EJ (Feil, Edward J.); Day, NPJ (Day, Nicholas P. J.) Title: High Rates of Homologous Recombination in the Mite Endosymbiont and Opportunistic Human Pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi Source: PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 4 (7): Art. No. e752 JUL 2010 Abstract: Orientia tsutsugamushi is an intracellular alpha-proteobacterium which resides in trombiculid mites, and is the causative agent of scrub typhus in East Asia. The genome sequence of this species has revealed an unprecedented number of repeat sequences, most notably of the genes encoding the conjugative properties of a type IV secretion system (T4SS). Although this observation is consistent with frequent intragenomic recombination, the extent of homologous recombination (gene conversion) in this species is unknown. To address this question, and to provide a protocol for the epidemiological surveillance of this important pathogen, we have developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on 7 housekeeping genes (gpsA, mdh, nrdB, nuoF, ppdK, sucD, sucB). We applied this scheme to the two published genomes, and to DNA extracted from blood taken from 84 Thai scrub typhus patients, from 20 cultured Thai patient isolates, 1 Australian patient sample, and from 3 cultured type strains. These data demonstrated that the O. tsutsugamushi population was both highly diverse [Simpson's index (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.92-0.98)], and highly recombinogenic. These results are surprising given the intracellular life-style of this species, but are broadly consistent with results obtained for Wolbachia, which is an alpha-proteobacterial reproductive parasite of arthropods. We also compared the MLST data with ompA sequence data and noted low levels of consistency and much higher discrimination by MLST. Finally, twenty-five percent of patients in this study were simultaneously infected with multiple sequence types, suggesting multiple infection caused by either multiple mite bites, or multiple strains co-existing within individual mites. ISSN: 1935-2727 Article Number: e752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000752 Record 597 of 726 Author(s): Pourrut, X (Pourrut, Xavier); Nkoghe, D (Nkoghe, Dieudonne); Souris, M (Souris, Marc); Paupy, C (Paupy, Christophe); Paweska, J (Paweska, Janusz); Padilla, C (Padilla, Cindy); Moussavou, G (Moussavou, Ghislain); Leroy, EM (Leroy, Eric M.) Title: Rift Valley Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human Rural Populations of Gabon Source: PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 4 (7): Art. No. e763 JUL 2010 Abstract: Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis caused by a phlebovirus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Humans can also be infected through direct contact with blood (aerosols) or tissues (placenta, stillborn) of infected animals. Although severe clinical cases can be observed, infection with RVF virus (RVFV) in humans is, in most cases, asymptomatic or causes a febrile illness without serious symptoms. In small ruminants RVFV mainly causes abortion and neonatal death. The distribution of RVFV has been well documented in many African countries, particularly in the north (Egypt, Sudan), east (Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia), west (Senegal, Mauritania) and south (South Africa), but also in the Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mayotte) and the Arabian Peninsula. In contrast, the prevalence of RVFV has rarely been investigated in central African countries. Methodology/Principal Findings: We therefore conducted a large serological survey of rural populations in Gabon, involving 4,323 individuals from 212 randomly selected villages (10.3% of all Gabonese villages). RVFV-specific IgG was found in a total of 145 individuals (3.3%) suggesting the wide circulation of Rift Valley fever virus in Gabon. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in the lakes region than in forest and savannas zones, with respective rates of 8.3%, 2.9% and 2.2%. In the lakes region, RVFV-specific IgG was significantly more prevalent in males than in females (respectively 12.8% and 3.8%) and the seroprevalence increased gradually with age in males but not in females. Conclusions/Significance: Although RVFV was suggested to circulate at a relatively high level in Gabon, no outbreaks or even isolated cases have been documented in the country. The higher prevalence in the lakes region is likely to be driven by specific ecologic conditions favorable to certain mosquito vector species. Males may be more at risk of infection than females because they spend more time farming and hunting outside the villages, where they may be more exposed to mosquito bites and infected animals. Further investigations are needed to determine the putative sylvan cycle of RVFV, including the mosquito species and the reservoir role of wild animals in the viral maintenance cycle. ISSN: 1935-2727 Article Number: e763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000763 Record 598 of 726 Author(s): Suewattana, M (Suewattana, Malliga); Singh, DJ (Singh, David J.) Title: Local dynamics and structure of pure and Ta substituted (K1-xNax)NbO3 from first principles calculations Source: PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 82 (1): Art. No. 014114 JUL 28 2010 Abstract: The local structure and dynamics of piezoelectric K1-xNaxNbO3 perovskite solid solutions with and without partial Ta substitution at x=0.5 are investigated using first principles calculations for supercells. The results are analyzed locally using the dynamical pair distribution functions. The local structures for Ta-substituted material show smaller off-centering of Ta compared to Nb. In addition, the dynamics of the relaxed structure indicate softer Nb force constants relative to Ta even though the Nb has shorter O nearest-neighbor distances than Ta. These results are discussed in relation to experimental measurements which show a decrease in Curie temperature and an increase in dielectric constant when Ta is partially substituted into K1-xNaxNbO3. ISSN: 1098-0121 Article Number: 014114 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.014114 Record 599 of 726 Author(s): Tresilwised, N (Tresilwised, Nittaya); Pithayanukul, P (Pithayanukul, Pimolpan); Mykhaylyk, O (Mykhaylyk, Olga); Holm, PS (Holm, Per Sonne); Holzmuller, R (Holzmueller, Regina); Anton, M (Anton, Martina); Thalhammer, S (Thalhammer, Stefan); Adiguzel, D (Adiguezel, Denis); Doblinger, M (Doeblinger, Markus); Plank, C (Plank, Christian) Title: Boosting Oncolytic Adenovirus Potency with Magnetic Nanoparticles and Magnetic Force Source: MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS, 7 (4): 1069-1089 JUL-AUG 2010 Abstract: Oncolytic adenoviruses rank among the most promising innovative agents in cancer therapy. We examined the potential of boosting the efficacy of the oncolytic adenovirus dl520 by associating it with magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic-field-guided infection in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells in vitro and upon intratumoral injection in vivo. The virus was complexed by self-assembly with core-shell nanoparticles having a magnetite core of about 10 nm and stabilized by a shell containing 68 mass % lithium 3-[2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethylthio]propionate) and 32 mass % 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine. Optimized virus binding, sufficiently stable in 50% fetal calf serum, was found at nanoparticle-to-virus ratios of 5 fg of Fe per physical virus particle (VP) and above. As estimated from magnetophoretic mobility measurements, 3,600 to 4,500 magnetite nano-crystallites were assciated per virus particle. Ultrastructural analysis by electron and atomic force microscopy showed structurally intact viruses surrounded by magnetic particles that occasionally bridged several virus particles. Viral uptake into cells at a given virus dose was enhanced 10-fold compard to nanmagnetic virus when infections were carried out under the influence of a magnetic field. Increased vuris internalization resulted in a 10-fold enhancement of the oncolytic potency in terms of the dose required for killing 50% of the target cells (IC50 value) and an enhancement of 4 orders of magnitude in virus progeny formation at equal input virus doses compared to nonmagnetic viruses. Furthermore, the full oncolytic effect developed within two days postinfection compared with six days in a nonmagnetic virus as a reference. Plotting target cell viability versus internalized virus particles for magnetic and nonmagnetic virus showed that the inherent oncolytic productivity of the virus remained unchanged upon association with magnetic nanoparticles. Hence, we conclede that the mechanism of boosting the oncolytic effect by magnetic force is mainly due to the improved internalization of magnetic virus complexes resulting in potentiated virus progeny formation. Upon intratumoral injection and application of a gradient magnetic field in a murine xenograft model, magnetic virus complexes exhibited a stronger oncolytic effect than adenovirus alone. We propose that his approacg would be useful during in vivo administration to tumor-feeding blood vessels to boost the efficacy of the primary infection cycle within the tumor. For systemic application, further modification of magnetic adenovirus complexes for shielding and retargeting of the whole magnetic virus complex entity is needed. ISSN: 1543-8384 DOI: 10.1021/mp100123t Record 600 of 726 Author(s): Wilairatana, P (Wilairatana, Polrat); Tangpukdee, N (Tangpukdee, Noppadon); Kano, S (Kano, Shigeyuki); Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha) Title: Primaquine Administration after Falciparum Malaria Treatment in Malaria Hypoendemic Areas with High Incidence of Falciparum and Vivax Mixed Infection: Pros and Cons Source: KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, 48 (2): 175-177 JUN 2010 Abstract: Mixed infections of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax is high (similar to 30%) in some malaria hypoendemic areas where the patients present with P. falciparum malaria diagnosed by microscopy. Conventional treatment of P. falciparum with concurrent chloroquine and 14 days of primaquine for all falciparum malaria patients may be useful in areas where mixed falciparum and vivax infections are high and common and also with mild or moderate G6PD deficiency in the population even with or without subpatent vivax mixed infection. It will be possibly cost-effective to reduce subsequent vivax illness if the patients have mixed vivax infection. Further study to prove this hypothesis may be warranted. ISSN: 0023-4001 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.175 Record 601 of 726 Author(s): Wilairatana, P (Wilairatana, Polrat); Krudsood, S (Krudsood, Srivicha); Tangpukdee, N (Tangpukdee, Noppadon) Title: Appropriate Time for Primaquine Treatment to Reduce Plasmodium falciparum Transmission in Hypoendemic Areas Source: KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, 48 (2): 179-182 JUN 2010 Abstract: Artemesinin-combination therapies (ACT) for falciparum malaria reduce gametocyte carriage, and therefore reduce transmission. Artemisinin derivatives will act against only young gametocytes whereas primaquine acts on mature gametocytes which are present usually in the circulation at the time when the patient presents for treatment. Both artemisinin derivatives and primaquine have short half-lives, less than 1 hr and 7 hr, respectively. Therefore, asexual parasites or young gametocytes remain after completed ACT. A single dose of primaquine (0.50-0.75 mg base/kg) at the end of ACT can kill only mature gametocytes but cannot kill young gametocytes (if present). Remaining asexual forms after completion of ACT course, e. g., artesunate-mefloquine for 3 days, may develop to mature gametocytes 7-15 days later. Thus, an additional dose of primaquine (0.50-0.75 mg base/kg) given 2 weeks after ACT completion may be beneficial for killing remaining mature gametocytes and contribute to more interruption of Plasmodium falciparum transmission than giving only 1 single dose of primaquine just after completing ACT. ISSN: 0023-4001 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.179 Record 602 of 726 Author(s): Behmoaras, J (Behmoaras, Jacques); Smith, J (Smith, Jennifer); D'Souza, Z (D'Souza, Zelpha); Bhangal, G (Bhangal, Gurjeet); Chawanasuntoropoj, R (Chawanasuntoropoj, Ratana); Tam, FWK (Tam, Frederick W. K.); Pusey, CD (Pusey, Charles D.); Aitman, TJ (Aitman, Timothy J.); Cook, HT (Cook, H. Terence) Title: Genetic Loci Modulate Macrophage Activity and Glomerular Damage in Experimental Glomerulonephritis Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY, 21 (7): 1136-1144 JUL 2010 Abstract: The Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat is uniquely susceptible to experimentally induced crescentic glomerulonephritis. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 13 (Crgn1) and 16 (Crgn2) with logarithm of odds >8, as well as five other loci (Crgn3 through 7), largely explain this genetic susceptibility. To understand further the effects of Crgn1 and Crgn2, we generated a double-congenic strain by introgressing these loci from glomerulonephritis-resistant Lewis rats onto the WKY genetic background. Induction of nephrotoxic nephritis in the double-congenic rats (WKY.LCrgn1,2) produced markedly fewer glomerular crescents, reduced macrophage infiltration, and decreased expression of glomerular TNF-a and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression compared with control animals. Bone marrow and kidney transplantation studies between parental and WKY.LCrgn1,2 strains, together with in vitro experiments, demonstrated that Crgn1 and Crgn2 contribute exclusively to circulating cell-related glomerular injury by regulating macrophage infiltration and activation. The residual genetic susceptibility to crescentic glomerulonephritis in WKY.LCrgn1,2 rats associated with macrophage activity (especially with enhanced metalloelastase expression) rather than macrophage infiltration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a genetic influence on macrophage activation, rather than number, determines glonnerular damage in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. ISSN: 1046-6673 DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2009090968 Record 603 of 726 Author(s): Manuskiatti, W (Manuskiatti, Woraphong); Triwongwaranat, D (Triwongwaranat, Daranporn); Varothai, S (Varothai, Supenya); Eimpunth, S (Eimpunth, Sasima); Wanitphakdeedecha, R (Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima) Title: Efficacy and safety of a carbon-dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing device for treatment of atrophic acne scars in Asians Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY, 63 (2): 274-283 AUG 2010 Abstract: Background: Treatment of atrophic scars with a fractional laser resurfacing technique has demonstrated favorable outcomes, although data on the efficacy and adverse effects of this procedure in persons with dark-skinned phototypes are limited. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon-dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing on atrophic acne scars in Asian individuals. Methods: Thirteen subjects (8 female and 5 male, aged 25-52 years) with skin phototype IV and atrophic acne scars were treated with 3 sessions of carbon-dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing laser on an average of 7-week interval. Objective (ultraviolet A-light video camera) and subjective (clinical evaluation by two blinded dermatologists) assessments were obtained at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the final treatment. Results: At the 6-month follow-up, 85% of the subjects were rated as having at least 25% to 50% improvement of scars. Improvement significantly progressed from the 1-month follow-up to the 6-month follow-up (P = .002). At 1 month after 3 treatments, surface smoothness (P = .03) and scar volume (P < .001) significantly improved, compared with baseline measurements. Of the subjects, 62% rated themselves as having at least 50% improvement in their scars. Mild postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was the most common adverse effect observed in 92% of the subjects or 51% of treatment sessions, and was completely resolved in an average of 5 weeks. Limitation: The small sample size was a study limitation. Conclusions: Carbon-dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing appears to be effective and well tolerated for the treatment of atrophic acne scars in Asians. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:274-83.) ISSN: 0190-9622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.051 Record 604 of 726 Author(s): Katchamart, W (Katchamart, Wanruchada); Bombardier, C (Bombardier, Claire) Title: Systematic Monitoring of Disease Activity Using an Outcome Measure Improves Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Source: JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY, 37 (7): 1411-1415 JUL 2010 Abstract: Objective. To systematically review the literature on the value of outcome measures to monitor treatment response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Canadian rheumatologists participating in the International 3e (evidence expertise exchange) Initiative formulated the question "Which parameters should be recommended for use in the management of RA patients to assess a clinically meaningful response in clinical practice?". Searches in 3 electronic databases, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, yielded no relevant study addressing this question. Experts in the field proposed to extrapolate evidence from 3 randomized controlled trials of systematic monitoring or tight control strategy in the management of RA. Results. Three studies were included in this review. The TICORA study showed that intensive management using systematic monitoring with the Disease Activity Score (DAS) aiming at least low disease activity, monthly followup, and more aggressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment improves outcomes with higher remission rates (65% vs 16%; p < 0.0001). Fransen, et al demonstrated that targeted therapy aimed at low disease activity (DAS28 < 3.2) led to more changes in DMARD treatment, resulting in a larger number of patients with low disease activity (31% vs 16%; p = 0.028). The CAMERA study showed that systematic monitoring using the objective computer decision program evaluation and monthly followup yielded a greater remission rate (50% vs 37%; p = 0.0001). Conclusion. Systematic monitoring of disease activity, aiming for at least low disease activity, and frequent followup improves outcome in RA. (First Release May 1 2010; J Rheumatol 2010; 37:1411-5; doi:10.3899/jrheum.090980) ISSN: 0315-162X DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.090980 Record 605 of 726 Author(s): Katchamart, W (Katchamart, Wanruchada); Bourre-Tessier, J (Bourre-Tessier, Josiane); Donka, T (Donka, Timea); Drouin, J (Drouin, Julie); Rohekar, G (Rohekar, Gina); Bykerk, VP (Bykerk, Vivian P.); Haraoui, B (Haraoui, Boulos); Leclerq, S (Leclerq, Sharon); Mosher, DP (Mosher, Dianne P.); Pope, JE (Pope, Janet E.); Shojania, K (Shojania, Kam); Thomson, J (Thomson, John); Thorne, JC (Thorne, J. Carter); Bombardier, C (Bombardier, Claire) Group Author(s): Canadian 3e Initiative Consensus Title: Canadian Recommendations for Use of Methotrexate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Source: JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY, 37 (7): 1422-1430 JUL 2010 Abstract: Objective. To develop recommendations for the use of methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. Canadian rheumatologists who participated in the international 3e Initiative in Rheumatology (evidence, expertise, exchange) in 2007-2008 formulated 5 unique Canadian questions. A bibliographic team systematically reviewed the relevant literature on these 5 topics. An expert committee consisting of 26 rheumatologists from across Canada was convened, and a set of recommendations was proposed based on the results of systematic reviews combined with expert opinions using a nominal group consensus process. Results. The 5 questions addressed drug interactions, predictors of response, strategies to reduce non-serious side effects, variables to assess clinical response, and incorporating patient preference into decision-making. The systematic review retrieved 93 pertinent articles; this evidence was presented to the expert committee during the interactive workshop. After extensive discussion and voting, a total of 9 recommendations were formulated: 2 on drug interactions, 1 on predictors of response, 2 on strategies to reduce non-serious side effects, 3 on variables to assess clinical response, and 1 on incorporating patient preferences into decision-making. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendations are reported. Agreement among panelists ranged from 85% to 100%. Conclusion. Nine recommendations pertaining to the use of MTX in daily practice were developed using an evidence-based approach followed by expert/physician consensus with high level of agreement. (First Release June 1 2010; J Rheumatol 2010;37:1422-30; doi:10.3899/jrheum.090978) ISSN: 0315-162X DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.090978 Record 606 of 726 Author(s): Kirk, P (Kirk, Paul); He, TG (He, Taigang); Anderson, LJ (Anderson, Lisa J.); Roughton, M (Roughton, Michael); Tanner, MA (Tanner, Mark A.); Lam, WWM (Lam, Wynnie W. M.); Au, WY (Au, Wing Y.); Chu, WCW (Chu, Winnie C. W.); Chan, G (Chan, Godfrey); Galanello, R (Galanello, Renzo); Matta, G (Matta, Gildo); Fogel, M (Fogel, Mark); Cohen, AR (Cohen, Alan R.); Tan, RS (Tan, Ru San); Chen, K (Chen, Kevin); Ng, I (Ng, Ivy); Lai, AG (Lai, Angie); Fucharoen, S (Fucharoen, Suthat); Laothamata, J (Laothamata, Jiraporn); Chuncharunee, S (Chuncharunee, Suporn); Jongjirasiri, S (Jongjirasiri, Sutipong); Firmin, DN (Firmin, David N.); Smith, GC (Smith, Gillian C.); Pennell, DJ (Pennell, Dudley J.) Title: International Reproducibility of Single Breathhold T2*MR for Cardiac and Liver Iron Assessment Among Five Thalassemia Centers Source: JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, 32 (2): 315-319 AUG 2010 Abstract: Purpose: To examine the reproducibility of the single breath-hold T2* technique from different scanners, after installation of standard methodology in five international centers. Materials and Methods: Up to 10 patients from each center were scanned twice locally for local interstudy reproducibility of heart and liver T2*, and then flown to a central MR facility to be rescanned on a reference scanner for intercenter reproducibility. Interobserver reproducibility for all scans was also assessed. Results: Of the 49 patients scanned, the intercenter reproducibility for T2* was 5.9% for the heart and 5.8% for the liver. Local interstudy reproducibility for T2* was 7.4% for the heart and 4.6% for the liver. Interobserver reproducibility for T2* was 5.4% for the heart and 4.4% for the liver. Conclusion: These data indicate that T2* MR may be developed into a widespread test for tissue siderosis providing that well-defined and approved imaging and analysis techniques are used. ISSN: 1053-1807 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22245 Record 607 of 726 Author(s): Pothavorn, P (Pothavorn, Pongsagon); Kitdamrongsont, K (Kitdamrongsont, Kasipong); Swangpol, S (Swangpol, Sasivimon); Wongniam, S (Wongniam, Siripope); Atawongsa, K (Atawongsa, Kanokporn); Savasti, J (Savasti, Jisnuson); Somana, J (Somana, Jamorn) Title: Sap Phytochemical Compositions of Some Bananas in Thailand Source: JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 58 (15): 8782-8787 AUG 11 2010 Abstract: Banana sap has some special properties relating to various phenomena such as browning of fruits after harvesting, permanent staining of cloth and fibers, and antioxidant and antibleeding properties. Analysis of banana sap using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) indicated the presence of phenolic and aromatic amino compounds of interest due to their special properties. With the online positive electrospray ionization mode (ESI), the possible structures of specific compounds were determined from the fragmentation patterns of each particular ion appearing in the mass spectra. The major compounds revealed from the sap of banana accessions, namely, Musa balbisiana, Musa laterita, Musa ornata, and Musa acuminata, and some cultivars were apigenin glycosides, myricetin glycoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, naringenin glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, dopamine, and N-acetylserotonin. The results indicated that there was a variety of phenolic and aromatic amino contents in many banana species. These compounds were reported to relate with biological activities. Moreover, the identities of these phytochemical compositions may be used as markers for banana diet, the assessment of physiochemical status, or the classification of banana clones. ISSN: 0021-8561 DOI: 10.1021/jf101220k Record 608 of 726 Author(s): Phusaanantakul, P (Phusaanantakul, Poonam); Promsonthi, P (Promsonthi, Patama); Chanrachakul, B (Chanrachakul, Boonsri) Title: Effect of isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before surgical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS, 110 (2): 145-148 AUG 2010 Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) for cervical ripening prior to first trimester surgical. termination of pregnancy. Methods: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Women scheduled for surgical termination of a nonviable fetus before 12 weeks of gestation from October 2008 to June 2009 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either 20 mg vaginally of IMN (n = 24) or a placebo (n = 24) 4 hours before suction evacuation. Cervical dilation before evacuation was assessed with 10-mm Hegar dilators followed by smaller sizes that were measured until the instrument passed freely through the internal os. Cervical dilation, adverse effects, termination complications, and patient satisfaction were the main outcomes. Results: Mean cervical dilation was not significantly different between the IMN and placebo groups (6.29 +/- 0.99 mm vs 5.71 +/- 1.04 mm; P=0.05). Mean operative time did not differ between the groups (16 +/- 0.07 min vs 18 +/- 0.06 min; P=0.55), nor did patient satisfaction measured by visual analogue scale (7.04 +/- 1.68 vs 6.54 +/- 1.22; P=0.24). Conclusion: IMN was comparable to placebo in terms of efficacy and patient satisfaction for cervical priming prior to first-trimester termination of pregnancy. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. ISSN: 0020-7292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.03.026 Record 609 of 726 Author(s): Senapin, S (Senapin, Saengchan); Phiwsaiya, K (Phiwsaiya, Kornsunee); Anantasomboon, G (Anantasomboon, Gun); Sriphaijit, T (Sriphaijit, Thanawat); Browdy, CL (Browdy, Craig L.); Flegel, TW (Flegel, Timothy W.) Title: Knocking down a Taura syndrome virus (TSV) binding protein Lamr is lethal for the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei Source: FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY, 29 (3): 422-429 SEP 2010 Abstract: A cDNA encoding a laminin receptor protein (Lamr) has been isolated from hemocytes of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei (Pv), based on primers designed from a previously published Lamr sequence of a Taura syndrome virus (TSV) binding protein of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Pm) The deduced amino acid sequence of PvLamr shares 97% identity with PmLamr and has significant homology to laminin receptors and ribosomal protein p40 from various organisms Tissue distribution analysis by RT-PCR revealed that Lamr transcripts were widely expressed in all tested tissues of P monodon and Penaeus vannamei PmLamr was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified and used to raise a polyclonal antibody. The antiserum reacted with purified recombinant PmLamr and crude muscle tissue proteins from both P monodon and P vannamei, but not with hemocyte-free shrimp hemolymph. Examination of protein localization by immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of Lamr positive cytoplasm in subcuticular epithelial cells, hematopoietic tissues, epithelial cells of the stomach, epithelial cells of the anterior midgut cecum, antennal gland epithelial cells, F cells of the hepatopancreas, cells in the ovarian zone of proliferation and spheroid cells in the lymphoid organ. RNA interference-mediated silencing of the messenger from Lamr in P. vannamei led to shrimp mortality and indicated an essential function of Lamr for shrimp viability A negative consequence was that the effect of Lamr knockdown on shrimp infection by Taura syndrome virus could not be assessed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1050-4648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.04.022 Record 610 of 726 Author(s): Niwattayakul, K (Niwattayakul, K.); Kaewtasi, S (Kaewtasi, S.); Chueasuwanchai, S (Chueasuwanchai, S.); Hoontrakul, S (Hoontrakul, S.); Chareonwat, S (Chareonwat, S.); Suttinont, C (Suttinont, C.); Phimda, K (Phimda, K.); Chierakul, W (Chierakul, W.); Silpasakorn, S (Silpasakorn, S.); Suputtamongkol, Y (Suputtamongkol, Y.) Title: An open randomized controlled trial of desmopressin and pulse dexamethasone as adjunct therapy in patients with pulmonary involvement associated with severe leptospirosis Source: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, 16 (8): 1207-1212 AUG 2010 Abstract: P>Pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis is emerging as a common complication of severe leptospirosis. A prospective randomized controlled trial of desmopressin or high-dose (pulse) dexamethasone as adjunctive therapy in 68 patients with pulmonary involvement associated with severe leptospirosis was conducted between July 2003 and October 2006 at five hospitals in Thailand. There were 23 patients in the desmopressin group, 22 in the pulse dexamethasone group, and 23 in a control group who received standard critical care alone. The diagnosis of leptospirosis was confirmed in 52 patients (77%). There were 15 deaths (22%), of which eight patients received desmopressin, four patients received pulse dexamethasone, and three patients received critical care alone (p 0.19). Eight patients with confirmed leptospirosis died (five patients in the desmopressin group, one in the pulse dexamethasone group and two in the control group). The mortality was not significantly different in the desmopressin group or pulse dexamethasone group compared to the control group in both intention-to-treat patients, and in patients with confirmed leptospirosis. There were no serious events associated with desmopressin treatment, although pulse dexamethasone treatment was associated with a significant increase in nosocomial infection. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that serum bilirubin level was the only significant risk factor associated with mortality (OR 0.759, 95% CI 0.598-0.965, p 0.024). The results obtained in the present study do not support the use of either pulse dexamethasone or desmopressin as adjunct therapy for pulmonary involvement associated with severe leptospirosis. ISSN: 1198-743X DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03037.x Record 611 of 726 Author(s): Nilanont, Y (Nilanont, Yongchai); Komoltri, C (Komoltri, Chulaluk); Saposnik, G (Saposnik, Gustavo); Cote, R (Cote, Robert); Di Legge, S (Di Legge, Silvia); Jin, YP (Jin, Yaping); Prayoonwiwat, N (Prayoonwiwat, Naraporn); Poungvarin, N (Poungvarin, Niphon); Hachinski, V (Hachinski, Vladimir) Title: The Canadian Neurological Scale and the NIHSS: Development and Validation of a Simple Conversion Model Source: CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES, 30 (2): 120-126 2010 Abstract: Background: The Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) are among the most reliable stroke severity assessment scales. The CNS requires less extensive neurological evaluation and is quicker and simpler to administer. Objective: Our aim was to develop and validate a simple conversion model from the CNS to the NIHSS. Methods: A conversion model was developed using data from a consecutive series of acute-stroke patients who were scored using both scales. The model was then validated in an external dataset in which all patients were prospectively assessed for stroke severity using both scales by different observers which consisted of neurology residents or stroke fellows. Results: In all, 168 patients were included in the model development, with a median age of 73 years (20-94). Men constituted 51.8%. The median NIHSS score was 6 (0-31). The median CNS score was 8.5 (1.5-11.5). The relationship between CNS and NIHSS could be expressed as the formula: NIHSS = 23 - 2 x CNS. A cohort of 350 acute-stroke patients with similar characteristics was used for model validation. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the observed and predicted NIHSS score (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). The predicted NIHSS score was on average 0.61 higher than the observed NIHSS score (95% CI = 0.31-0.91). Conclusions: The CNS can be reliably converted to the NIHSS using a simple conversion formula: NIHSS = 23 -2 x CNS. This finding may have a practical impact by permitting reliable comparisons with NIHSS-based evaluations and simplifying the routine assessment of acute-stroke patients in more diverse settings. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel ISSN: 1015-9770 DOI: 10.1159/000314715 Record 612 of 726 Author(s): Jinawath, N (Jinawath, Natini); Morsberger, L (Morsberger, Laura); Norris-Kirby, A (Norris-Kirby, Alexis); Williams, LM (Williams, Lisa M.); Yonescu, R (Yonescu, Raluca); Argani, P (Argani, Pedram); Griffin, CA (Griffin, Constance A.); Murphy, KM (Murphy, Kathleen M.) Title: Complex rearrangement of chromosomes 1, 7, 21, 22 in Ewing sarcoma Source: CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS, 201 (1): 42-47 AUG 2010 Abstract: The Ewing sarcoma (ES) family of tumors is characterized by nonrandom chromosomal translocations involving the EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22 with one of the members of the ETS family of transcription factors. The majority of ES tumors are characterized by a balanced translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12), which results in the fusion of the 5' portion of EWSR1 gene with the 3' end of the FLI1 gene. Fusions with ERG, another member of the ETS family, occur in less than 10% of ES tumors, and can arise through complex chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we report a case of a 5-year-old female with an ES tumor in the thoracic region. G-banding and spectral karyotyping analysis demonstrated 46,XX,t(1;21;7)(q25;q22.3;q22). Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the EWSR1 break-apart probe demonstrated a normal signal on both apparently normal chromosomes 22, and an additional EWSR1-5' signal on the derivative chromosome 21. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of RNA isolated from the tumor demonstrated a EWSR1-ERG fusion transcript, fusing exon 7 of EWSR1 and exon 11 of ERG. These results are consistent with an additional copy of the 5' portion of EWSR1, which inverted and then inserted on chromosome 21 and fused to the 3' end of ERG. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a EWSR1-ERG fusion in an ES tumor with an apparently duplicated 5' portion of EWSR1, and with a complex translocation involving chromosomes 1, 7, and 21. This case adds to the spectrum of genetic rearrangements identified in ES tumors. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0165-4608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.04.021 Record 613 of 726 Author(s): Pages, M (Pages, Marie); Chaval, Y (Chaval, Yannick); Herbreteau, V (Herbreteau, Vincent); Waengsothorn, S (Waengsothorn, Surachit); Cosson, JF (Cosson, Jean-Francois); Hugot, JP (Hugot, Jean-Pierre); Morand, S (Morand, Serge); Michaux, J (Michaux, Johan) Title: Revisiting the taxonomy of the Rattini tribe: a phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries Source: BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, 10: Art. No. 184 JUN 18 2010 Abstract: Background: Rodents are recognized as hosts for at least 60 zoonotic diseases and may represent a serious threat for human health. In the context of global environmental changes and increasing mobility of humans and animals, contacts between pathogens and potential animal hosts and vectors are modified, amplifying the risk of disease emergence. An accurate identification of each rodent at a specific level is needed in order to understand their implications in the transmission of diseases. Among the Muridae, the Rattini tribe encompasses 167 species inhabiting South East Asia, a hotspot of both biodiversity and emerging and re-emerging diseases. The region faces growing economical development that affects habitats, biodiversity and health. Rat species have been demonstrated as significant hosts of pathogens but are still difficult to recognize at a specific level using morphological criteria. DNA-barcoding methods appear as accurate tools for rat species identification but their use is hampered by the need of reliable identification of reference specimens. In this study, we explore and highlight the limits of the current taxonomy of the Rattini tribe. Results: We used the DNA sequence information itself as the primary information source to establish group membership and estimate putative species boundaries. We sequenced two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes from 122 rat samples to perform phylogenetic reconstructions. The method of Pons and colleagues (2006) that determines, with no prior expectations, the locations of ancestral nodes defining putative species was then applied to our dataset. To give an appropriate name to each cluster recognized as a putative species, we reviewed information from the literature and obtained sequences from a museum holotype specimen following the ancient DNA criteria. Conclusions: Using a recently developed methodology, this study succeeds in refining the taxonomy of one of the most difficult groups of mammals. Most of the species expected within the area were retrieved but new putative species limits were also indicated, in particular within Berylmys and Rattus genera, where future taxonomic studies should be directed. Our study lays the foundations to better investigate rodent-born diseases in South East Asia and illustrates the relevance of evolutionary studies for health and medical sciences. ISSN: 1471-2148 Article Number: 184 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-184 Record 614 of 726 Author(s): Manojlovic, NT (Manojlovic, Nedeljko T.); Vasiljevic, PJ (Vasiljevic, Perica J.); Gritsanapan, W (Gritsanapan, Wandee); Supabphol, R (Supabphol, Roongtawan); Manojlovic, I (Manojlovic, Ivana) Title: Phytochemical and antioxidant studies of Laurera benguelensis growing in Thailand Source: BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 43 (2): 169-176 2010 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate metabolites of the lichen Laurera benguelensis. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the characterization of xanthones and anthraquinones in extracts of this lichen. Lichexanthone, secalonic acid D, norlichexanthon, parietin, emodin, teloschistin and citreorosein were detected in the lichen samples, which were collected from two places in Thailand. Components of the lichen were identified by relative retention time and spectral data. This is the first time that a detailed phytochemical analysis of the lichen L. benguelensis was reported and this paper has chemotaxonomic significance because very little has been published on the secondary metabolites present in Laurera species. Some of the metabolites were detected for the first time in the family Trypetheliaceae. The results of preliminary testing of benzene extract and its chloroform and methanol fractions showed that all samples showed a weak radical scavenging activity. The chloroform extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. ISSN: 0716-9760 Record 615 of 726 Author(s): Srisawat, R (Srisawat, Raweewan); Komalamisra, N (Komalamisra, Narumon); Eshita, Y (Eshita, Yuki); Zheng, MQ (Zheng, Mingqi); Ono, K (Ono, Katsushige); Itoh, TQ (Itoh, Taichi Q.); Matsumoto, A (Matsumoto, Akira); Petmitr, S (Petmitr, Songsak); Rongsriyam, Y (Rongsriyam, Yupha) Title: Point mutations in domain II of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in deltamethrin-resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Source: APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY, 45 (2): 275-282 MAY 2010 Abstract: The continuous usage of pyrethroids against insects has provoked the emergence of insecticide resistance that has become a major obstacle to disease vector control. The knockdown resistance (kdr) voltage-gated sodium channel gene is regarded as a key to understanding the mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids. The main purpose of this study is to identify point mutations in the sodium channel gene associated with deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti. Two mutations in the IIS6 domain of the channel. S989P and V1016G, were identified as possible candidates responsible for the emergence of deltamethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti Khu Bua strain. As S989P and V1016G mutations are located within the 11S5-S6 loop and IIS6 near the ion filter and binding site, these mutations might enhance pyrethroid resistance. Allelic variation in the sodium channel gene is thought to be one of the principal molecular mechanisms regulating pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes. ISSN: 0003-6862 DOI: 10.1303/aez.2010.275 Record 616 of 726 Author(s): Srisuma, S (Srisuma, Sorachai); Bhattacharya, S (Bhattacharya, Soumyaroop); Simon, DM (Simon, Dawn M.); Solleti, SK (Solleti, Siva K.); Tyagi, S (Tyagi, Shivraj); Starcher, B (Starcher, Barry); Mariani, TJ (Mariani, Thomas J.) Title: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors Control Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions Necessary for Alveolar Elastogenesis Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 181 (8): 838-850 APR 15 2010 Abstract: Rationale: The mechanisms contributing to alveolar formation are poorly understood. A better understanding of these processes will improve efforts to ameliorate lung disease of the newborn and promote alveolar repair in the adult. Previous studies have identified impaired alveogenesis in mice bearing compound mutations of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) 3 and 4, indicating that these receptors cooperatively promote postnatal alveolar formation. Objectives: To determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms of FGF-mediated alveolar formation. Methods: Compound FGFR3/FGFR4-deficient mice were assessed for temporal changes in lung growth, airspace morphometry, and genome-wide expression. Observed gene expression changes were validated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, tissue biochemistry, histochemistry, and ELISA. Autocrine and paracrine regulatory mechanisms were investigated using isolated lung mesenchymal cells and type II pneumocytes. Measurements and Main Results: Quantitative analysis of airspace ontogeny confirmed a failure of secondary crest elongation in compound mutant mice. Genome-wide expression profiling identified molecular alterations in these mice involving aberrant expression of numerous extracellular matrix molecules. Biochemical and histochemical analysis confirmed changes in elastic fiber gene expression resulted in temporal increases in elastin deposition with the loss of typical spatial restriction. No abnormalities in elastic fiber gene expression were observed in isolated mesenchymal cells, indicating that abnormal elastogenesis in compound mutant mice is not cell autonomous. Increased expression of paracrine factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1, in freshly-isolated type II pneumocytes indicated that these cells contribute to the observed pathology. Conclusions: Epithelial/mesenchymal signaling mechanisms appear to contribute to FGFR-dependent alveolar elastogenesis and proper airspace formation. ISSN: 1073-449X DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200904-0544OC Record 617 of 726 Author(s): Rey, DA (Rey, Diego A.); Strickland, AD (Strickland, Aaron D.); Kirui, D (Kirui, Dickson); Niamsiri, N (Niamsiri, Nuttawee); Batt, CA (Batt, Carl A.) Title: In vitro Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticle-Coated Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Granules Exhibiting Plasmon-Induced Thermo-Optical Enhancements Source: ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 2 (7): 1804-1810 JUL 2010 Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase attached to gold nanoparticles (AuNP) produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) upon