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Thailand:
Standing Out in Asia
The
basic ingredients for a successful investment project can be
found in Thailand. The country is strategically located in the
Pacific basin and enjoys political stability. The industrial
structure is well diversified and can therefore respond quickly
to changes in international demand patterns or increases in
protectionism.
The
Thai economy is resilient and dynamic, with continuing high
growth rates, favourable export performance and financial
stability.
Thai
economy took off into double digit growth in 1988 with GDP
increasing by more than 13 percent the highest in Asia. This
performance was repeated in 1989 and 1990, with growth of 12.3
percent and 11.5 percent respectively. The economy has slowed
down somewhat, registering 7.5-8.5 percent growth in 1991-1994.
The
country has a highly-productive labour force, approaching 32
million workers, with the majority being under 30 years old. In
comparison with other countries in the region such as Indonesia,
China and Vietnam, Thailand's labour force can no longer compete
in terms of cost alone. However, when taking into account
trainability and efficiency, the Thai labour force is among the
most "cost effective" in the region. The minimum wage
rate is just around US$ 5-6 a day and Thai workers have
established a solid reputation among foreign investors for their
diligence and adaptability. Each year about 800,000 join this
force and the literacy rate is above 90 percent. More than
15,000 students are presently enrolled in engineering programmes
at universities and about 76,000 students graduate each year
from vocational schools around the country.
Land
and other basic facilities are inexpensive and there exists
extensive infrastructure for industry However, in 1994, specific
emphasis is firmly on developing Thailand's infrastructure at
all levels.
In
1992, the private sector was contracted to expand the telephone
system in Thailand. Through April of 1995, over 1 million new
lines have been added within Bangkok, and an additional 600,000
lines have already been installed in the provinces, with more on
the way. Fibre Optic Submarine Cable Network Projects are
expected to be completed by the end of 1997 and two
communications satellites have been launched.
Construction
of new roads has been a major priority both in Bangkok and the
provinces. Several elevated roads and fly-overs to address
congestion in Bangkok are well underway and two mass transit
projects are under construction.
To
help in the overall government policy of decentralization,
1994's budget earmarks US$ 8.4 million to upgrade infrastructure
throughout the country and to accelerate industrial distribution
in rural areas. This account for over 30 percent of the total
budget and represents a 25 percent increase over 1993. Much of
the new infrastructure investment is expected to be carried out
by private sector consortia.
Of
specific interest to investors are measures which have
eliminated tax clearances, made work permits easier to secure,
facilitated the establishment of regional offices, and lifted
restricitions on foreign ownership of condominiums. |